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Guide to Eye Health
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DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
1
COVERTO COME
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
2Ebook Layout by Sharon Kaplan Design
Copyright 2009, Dr. Paul Krawitz and Vitamin Science Inc., Huntington, NY11743
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Table of Contents
Introduction .....................................................................5
1. Macular Degeneration Overview......................................7 Visual Acuity...................................................................................................11 Fundus Examination ........................................................................................12 Fundus Photography........................................................................................12 OCT...............................................................................................................13 Fluorescein Angiography .................................................................................13
2. Myopic Macular Degeneration........................................15 The Amsler Grid..............................................................................................16
3. Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Beta-Carotene...........................17The Ground-Breaking Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial .......................19
Protective Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin....................................................20 A Double Benefit ........................................................................................20 Additional Benefits of Zeaxanthin on Mental Performance .............................20 The Latest Research ....................................................................................21
4. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Macular Degeneration............22How do Omega-3 Fatty Acids Help Prevent Macular Degeneration? .................23
Who Should Take Omega-3 Fatty Acids based on the current study?..............23 How does this study compare with AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study)?..23
5. Avastin and Lucentis Injection Treatment for Macular Degeneration ..............................................25
6. The Genetics of Macular Degeneration............................28 Where It Started..............................................................................................28 Don’t Know Genes? Here’s a Simple Explanation ...............................................29 The First Big Breakthrough ...............................................................................29 Other Important Information.............................................................................30 What The Macula Risk Test Can and Cannot Do ................................................31
7. Macular Degeneration Quiz............................................32
8. Dry Eye Syndrome .........................................................35 Dry Eye Syndrome Symptoms and Signs.........................................................36 Causes of Dry Eye .........................................................................................36
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Table of Contents (con’t)
Diagnosis of Dry Eye Syndrome .....................................................................37 New Treatments Bring More Comfort to Dry Eyes............................................37 Conserving Your Tears ...............................................................................37 Nutritional Support....................................................................................38 Clinical Trials of Dry Eye Drugs : ................................................................38
9. “Laser” Cataract Surgery..............................................39
10. Intraocular Lens Choices ..............................................41 Basic Monofocal Lens................................................................................ 41 Multifocal Lenses .......................................................................................42 ReZoom and ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens implants..............................42
Flexible Accommodating Crystalens ...........................................................43 Toric Intraocular Lens Implant — For Patients with High Astigmatism............44
11. Clear Lensectomy: The Lasik Alternative.......................45 There are several benefits to Clear Lensectomy.............................................46
12. Why do Flomax commercials contain a warning about Cataract Surgery? ............................47
13. Diabetes Mellitus and The Eye......................................49What is Diabetic Retinopathy?.....................................................................50
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) .......................................................51
14. Lasik and Laser Refractive Surgery ..............................54You Can’t Have It All...................................................................................54
Different Types of Laser Vision Correction ....................................................56Lasik .....................................................................................................56
Epi-Lasik................................................................................................56 PRK.......................................................................................................56
15. Why a Proper Contact Lens Fitting Isn’t Free.................58
16. Why Pro Athletes Wear Contact Lenses ........................59
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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INTRODUCTION
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Introduction
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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“As an ophthalmologist, and more generally as a physician, I see myself not only as being in charge of providing the best possible care that is based upon the most up-to-date research, I also make sure that my patients are as educatedas they can be.”
Introduction
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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What is The Macula?
CHAPTER 1Macular Degeneration Overview
Macular Degeneration Overview
Introduction
What is the Macula?What Is Macular Degeneration?How Does Wet Macular Degeneration Occur?How to Test Your Vision With An Amsler Grid?Why Did I Get It? How Do I Know If It’s Getting Worse? I Do About It Now?
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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What is Macular Degeneration?
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Macular Degeneration Overview
Figure 1
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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How Does Wet Macular Degeneration Occur?
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Macular Degeneration Overview
Figure 2
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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How to Test Your Vision With An Amsler Grid
Interpretation
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Why Did I Get It?
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Instructions
1. Wear your reading glasses2. Hold the Amsler grid at a normal reading distance3. Cover one eye.4. Look at the dot in the center of the grid5. Note how the lines and squares appear6. Test the other eye in the same manner
Macular Degeneration Overview
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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How Do I Know If It’s Getting Worse?
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Visual Acuity
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Macular Degeneration Overview
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Fundus Examination
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Fundus Photography -
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Macular Degeneration Overview
Figure 3
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OCT
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Fluorescein Angiography
What Can I Do About It Now?
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Macular Degeneration Overview
Figure 4
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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formula to newer and more advanced formulas with Lutein and Zeaxanthin, compounds that have been shown in some patients to improve vision, to a cut-ting edge formula based upon the newest AREDS2 research by the National Eye Institute.
supplements for both smokers and non-smokers than any other company in the world.
vitamins. It is the only thing we do.
sourced ingredients for the greatest biological effect and least number of side effects. Most eye vitamins from the large pharmaceutical companies use Synthetic Vitamin E.
VisiVite i-Defense line of formulas is color-coded for simplicity.
-facturing laboratory is one a select number that had attained GMP Cer-tification. Additionally, each individual lot is independently tested by an outside laboratory for purity and potency.
Macular Degeneration Overview
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 2Myopic Macular Degeneration
Myopic Macular Degeneration
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Forms of Myopic Macular Degeneration
The Amsler Grid
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Myopic Macular Degeneration
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 3Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Beta-Carotene
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Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Beta-Carotene
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Beta-Carotene
Figure 5
Figure 6
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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The Ground-Breaking Lutein AntioxidantSupplementation Trial (LAST)
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Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Beta-Carotene
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Protective Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin-
A Double Benefit
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Additional Benefits of Zeaxanthin on Mental Performance
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Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Beta-Carotene
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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The Latest Research-
Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Beta-Carotene
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 4Omega-3 Fatty Acids
and Macular Degeneration
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Macular Degeneration
Figure 7
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How do Omega-3 Fatty Acids Help Prevent Macular Degeneration?
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Who Should Take Omega-3 Fatty Acids based on the current study?
How does this study compare withAREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study)?
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Macular Degeneration
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Macular Degeneration
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CHAPTER 5Avastin and Lucentis Injection
Treatment for Macular Degeneration
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Avastin and Lucentis Injection Treatment for Macular Degeneration
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Avastin and Lucentis Injection Treatment for Macular Degeneration
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Avastin and Lucentis Injection Treatment for Macular Degeneration
Figure 8
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Where It Started
CHAPTER 6The Genetics of Macular Degeneration
The Genetics of Macular DegenerationFigure 9
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Don’t Know Genes? Here’s a Simple Explanation-
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The First Big Breakthrough-
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The Genetics of Macular Degeneration
Figure 10
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Other Important Information
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The Genetics of Macular Degeneration
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What The Macula Risk Test Can and Cannot Do
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Our Recommendations
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The Genetics of Macular Degeneration
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 7 Macular Degeneration QuizDo you think you know the important facts about macular degeneration? Take the following QUIZ and check your score!
Taking half the dosage of VisiVite macular degeneration supplements per day has some benefit, but not as much as taking the full dose.TRUE OR FALSE?
The benefits of taking VisiVitenutritional supplementation formacular degeneration are usually seen by one month.TRUE OR FALSE?
The carotenoids Lutein andZeaxanthin were not included in the National Eye Institute’s Age-Related Eye Disease Study because they were not shown to be beneficial.TRUE OR FALSE?
Centrum Silver has many more vitamins in it than VisiVite supplements and so is probably more effective against eye disease.TRUE OR FALSE?
Only the “wet” form of macular degeneration can cause severevision loss.TRUE OR FALSE?
The high doses of beta-carotene in VisiVite macular degenerationsupplements can cause osteoporosis and has been linked to increasedfrequency of hip fractures in women.TRUE OR FALSE?
While the high level of Vitamin E in VisiVite macular degenerationsupplements was found to bebeneficial to ocular health, it was also shown to increase cardiac events and reduce lifespan.TRUE OR FALSE?
There is no successful treatment for wet macular degeneration.TRUE OR FALSE?
1 5
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See the answers on page 33
Macular Degeneration Quiz
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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QUESTION 1FALSE.
QUESTION 2FALSE. -
QUESTION 3FALSE.
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QUESTION 4FALSE.
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QUESTION 5FALSE.
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Macular Degeneration Quiz Answers
Macular Degeneration Quiz Answers
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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QUESTION 6FALSE.
QUESTION 7FALSE.
QUESTION 8FALSE. -
Macular Degeneration Quiz Answers
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 8Dry Eye Syndrome
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Dry Eye Syndrome
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Dry Eye Syndrome Symptoms and Signs
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Causes of Dry Eye
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Dry Eye Syndrome
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Diagnosis of Dry Eye Syndrome
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New Treatments Bring More Comfort to Dry Eyes
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Conserving Your Tears
Dry Eye Syndrome
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Nutritional Support
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Clinical Trials of Dry Eye Drugs
Phase III--
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Dry Eye Syndrome
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 9“Laser” Cataract Surgery
“Laser” Cataract Surgery
Figure 11
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“Laser” Cataract Surgery
Figure 12
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Basic Monofocal Lens-
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CHAPTER 10Intraocular Lens Choices
Intraocular Lens Choices
Figure 14
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Multifocal Lenses
ReZoom and ReSTORmultifocal intraocular lens implants
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Intraocular Lens Choices
Figure 15
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Flexible Accommodating Crystalens
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Intraocular Lens Choices
Figure 16
Figure 17
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Toric Intraocular Lens Implant— For Patients with High Astigmatism
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Intraocular Lens Choices
Figure 18
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CHAPTER 11Clear Lensectomy:
The Lasik Alternative
Clear Lensectomy: The Lasik Alternative
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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There are several benefits to Clear Lensectomy.
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Clear Lensectomy: The Lasik Alternative
Figure 19
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 12Why do Flomax commercials containa warning about Cataract Surgery?
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Why do Flomax commercials contain a warning about Cataract Surgery?
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Why do Flomax commercials contain a warning about Cataract Surgery?
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 13Diabetes Mellitus and The Eye
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Diabetes Mellitus and The Eye
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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What is Diabetic Retinopathy?-
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Diabetes Mellitus and The Eye
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR)
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In Summary-
1. Obtain Hemoglobin A1c levels every three months.
Diabetes Mellitus and The Eye
Figure 23
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2. Watch Your Diet and Your Weight
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3. See an endocrinologist
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A1c (%) ........... Mean blood sugar (mg/dl)
6 .................................................. 1357 .................................................. 1708 .................................................. 2059 .................................................. 24010 ................................................ 27511 ................................................ 31012 ................................................ 345
Diabetes Mellitus and The Eye
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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4. Get regular eye examinations
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Diabetes Mellitus and The Eye
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 14Lasik and Laser Refractive Surgery
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You Can’t Have It All
Lasik and Laser Refractive Surgery
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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Lasik and Laser Refractive Surgery
Figure 24
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Different Types of Laser Vision CorrectionLasik
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Epi-Lasik
PRK
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Lasik and Laser Refractive Surgery
Figure 25
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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My Recommendations:
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Lasik and Laser Refractive Surgery
Figure 26
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CHAPTER 15Why a Proper
Contact Lens Fitting Isn’t Free
Why a Proper Conttact Lens Fitting Isn’t Free
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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CHAPTER 16.Why Pro Athletes Wear Contact Lenses
a natural field of view.
vision, and they reduce distortions that you get with eyeglasses.
by mud or rain.
your activities.
in contacts.
with contact lenses, they have the ability to provide clearer vision than eyeglasses.
Why Pro Athletes Wear Contact Lenses
DR. KRAWITZ’S ULTIMATEINSIDER’S GUIDE TO EYE HEALTH
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your eye color
Final Advice
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Why Pro Athletes Wear Contact Lenses