Dr. (Mrs.) Niloufer ShroffScientist ‘G’ & HOD (EMCD)

andMs. Tulika Pandey, Scientist ‘F’

Using technology to bridge the gender gap in Elections

Department of Electronics & ITM/o Communication & IT

Electronics Niketan, New Delhi

Presentation at National Consultation on Women’s participation in the Electoral Process

19th December 2013 at MayFair Convention CentreBhubaneswar, Odisha

First- A Big Thank You to the Election Commission

I speak as a citizen of the country and Yes as a Woman citizen too.

The Electoral Process is one of the few processes which run so excellently in India that we don’t seem to even think about it.

We just take it for granted.

In the recent Delhi Elections – the real victory was of “Democracy”.

What safeguards this while governments rise and fall is our system of Free and Fair Elections.

The Election Commission really needs to be congratulated and thanked by each citizen of India.

Using technology to bridge the gender gap in Elections

1. Women & Elections

2. Technology & Elections

3. Technology & Women

4. Women, Technology & Elections

Organization of the talk

Women and Elections

This has been covered by the speakers before me from various aspects. I will only touch upon it briefly.

Votes for Women - less than 100 years

New Zealand 1893Australia 1894Canada 1919UK - Suffragettes movement Women over 30 & with property 1918 Extended to all Women over 21 in 1928 USA 1920

Women and Elections

In India in all the elections held since independence, women had the voting rights.

However, women do face serious social, cultural and logistical problems restricting their full and active participation in the democratic process of Elections.

The Indian Government and civil society have been working to promote greater participation of women in electoral processes .

a

Technology & Elections

ICT applications in the electoral process :a. Communications, telecommunications, radio, networks

and the Internet; b. Computer hardware and software, word processing/spread

sheets, database management systems; m-Apps for mobiles

c. Specialised electronic/mechanical devices, non-electronic innovations and materials.

Information and Communication Technology use in the Electoral Process

Information technology has the potential to improve electoral operations - by reducing risks and costs, enhancing transparency and convenience, both for voters and officials managing the process.

Technology & Elections

Role of technology in the Elections

1. Awareness Creation

2. Voter Registration

3. The Actual Process of running the Elections

4. Electronic Voting

5. Reporting & Auditing results

Technology & ElectionsRole of technology - Awareness Creation

• Voter education activities historically through traditional media -TV news, radio and newspapers.

• Popularity of the Internet and mobile technologies now enable making election information available online and through mobile devices, which requires web content management capabilities.

• Social Media especially Facebook, Twitter and Youtube have a role in creating mass opinions for voting or analysis of the candidate.

Technology & Elections - Voter Registration

AIM To securely and accurately manage large databases of citizens•Manual Registration has proved cumbersome. •Electronic registration, makes it easier to register and vote, increases accuracy, and reduces the risk of eligible voters being disenfranchised due to inaccurate or incomplete voter records. •Online registration has shown large increase in Registration.

The Election Commission providing Online Voter ID Registration System for voter ID registration/status checking, updating/deletion of voter ID data has greatly facilitated women to get registered while sitting at home and thus use their rights to voting.

•Establishing the identity of an individual - Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) or Facial Recognition Scanning . •Deduping Voter list through fuzzy matching techniques in Indian Languages. •Photo Rolls project – Shows the photograph printed in the Voter List.

Technology & Elections –The Actual Process of running the Elections

Paper based voting lists have significant costs for printing and shipping. Authenticating the voter takes a lot of time, long waiting times.

Technology can enable faster voting at any polling station. Less time required will facilitate women with household duties to come out for voting.

Votes marking electronically through electronic voting machines, can be modified for visually impaired voters, voters with literacy issues, or in multiple languages .

In future through remote, unsupervised voting, which includes email, web self-service, phone/smartphone, and Internet TV. The important issues will be security requirements and the bandwidth availability. Networks like NOFN, SWAN could be useful.

Technology & Elections –The Actual Process of running the Elections

• Election Commission of India since provincial assembly elections in early 2012 has been using an SMS based alert system called Communication Plan for Election (COMET) during the election.

• The system is used for sending messages to the millions of government officials on election duty. Many of them are women.

• The COMET system "uses coded text messages through mobile phones to collect data about officials, information about scheduled events like staff reaching the polling station, mock polls conducted, start of polling, voting percentages every two hours, number of voters in after voting time was over, and whether the poll party reached safely at the high security Electronic Voting Machine deposit centre.”

The SMS system for data from the polling booth to the control room of the election commission provides hassle free environment to Women Presiding Officers and motivates them to take new responsibilities in the poll booths & collection & counting centers.

Technology & Elections –The Actual Process of running the Elections

E-Governance Initiative of DeitY has made available several m-Apps for different electoral processes.

•EVM tracking application: For ECI Officials for scanning Barcode on Electronic Voting Machine machines used in poll.•Election Poll day Report: For collecting information from District Election Officer about poll progress activities.•Polling Station Location: Fetches co-ordinates (Latitude & Longitude) of a polling station through GPS enabled android mobile phone and sends the information to ECI server.•Electoral Officers details: For collecting personal information about the Electoral officer (Skype Id, email Id & head office location etc).

Leveraging the high mobile density in India, mobile devices may be used as a force multiplier in enabling participation of citizens irrespective of gender in election.

Technology & Elections -Electronic Voting

•Electronic Voting machines- an Election commission initiative has tremendously helped in smooth conduct of Indian elections.

•There are more than 1.4 million EVMs in India and efficient use of EVMs are an eye-opener and has many takers in the many foreign delegations that came here to observe Indian democracy in action.

•While most of the existing cases of electronic voting are in the form of supervised electronic voting machines, an increasing number of countries are adopting remote, unsupervised electronic online voting to increase voter participation.

Technology & Elections - Reporting & Auditing Results

•Result consolidation

•Election night reporting

•Election audit

Technology has helped improve efficiency of post-voting process:

• Increasing the speed of the vote counting process • Minimizing delays in the publication of election results • Streamlining post-election audit processes • Reducing logistics costs

Technology and Women-ICT Status of India

• National e-Governance Plan has brought the government closer to the people. Greater openness and transparency have thus empowered the common people.

• Core ICT infrastructure like SWAN, CSCs, SDC, MSDG, Payment Gateway, eGov AppStore, mAppStore used by different Ministries / departments for delivery of citizen centric services i.e. without any gender discrimination.

• These services play an impact making role in bridging the gender gap by delivering the government services at the doorstep of citizens in a transparent and efficient way .

• Information Technology has been combined with satellite based communication technology to reach rural areas through initiatives like tele-education and tele-medicine.

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Technology and Women-Common Service Centers (CSCs)

• CSCs established across the country by DeitY to “Make all Government services accessible to the common man(/woman) in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man”

NEED TO ADD WOMAN !!!

• Front-end delivery points for Government, private and social sector services to rural citizens

• Target of 1 CSC for every 6 villages (100,000+ CSCs)• 123,131 CSCs are operational across 35 States/ UTs through BSNL,

VSATS & Data Cards• Bundled approach (hardware, software and trained manpower)

Technology and Women -DeitY Initiatives

Women Empowerment Initiatives of DeitYTrainingFormal Courses: BCA, MCANon-formal Courses: NIELIT (‘O’, ‘A’, ‘CCC’), Certificate Courses by DeitY Autonomous Societies (NIELIT, C-DAC), State Govt. Undertakings / Societies for ICTIndustry Specific: ITES / BPO, Desk top PublishingCustomized: Hardware, Software, Multimedia, language Technology, Web DesigningBasic: Computer Fundamentals / Computer Operation

IT Infrastructure Development•Computer labs in Schools & Colleges•Computer labs in Central & State Government Institutions•Multimedia based educational technology package

Capacity Building•Empowerment of Artisans (Chanderi – Madhya Pradesh)•Self Help Groups (in NER, West Bengal)

Technology and Women -DeitY Initiatives

C-DAC - Smart Framework for Multimedia based Learning Content Management for Women’s empowerment (EKALABYA).•For spreading awareness among rural women in vernacular languages. •C-DAC Kolkata & a Domain expert in Electoral Processes could start in Bangla & then take up NE languages. •Multimedia based content including Audio, Video, Images, Animations and Linear presentations in CD which can be distributed among rural women.

Integrated Management Information System and Portal•Set up for Women’s Empowerment, Information compilation, Dissemination, and Self Learning, and also monitoring the activities of Kudumbashree Mission at the State, District, & Community Based Organization levels. •The Portal provides a common platform for education & knowledge of legal, social and cultural aspects of Gender Empowerment.

Women, Technology & the Electoral Process

Initiatives for Inclusion of Women in the electoral process• Schemes and Policies to help women acquire the tools

necessary to participate successfully in all aspects of the political process.

• Women Electoral participation programme – training on use of tools, such as SMS, social media and electronic voting, that could be adapted for use.

• Engage women in legislatures, political parties and civil society as leaders, activists and informed citizens.

• Establish secure and easy e-Voting mechanisms. • Identify technology and methods to make voting booths

mobile.

Women, Technology & the Electoral Process

Social Media (Television, Newspaper, Internet) to tell & to listen-“a two-way street”.

Mobile technology is helping to educate and allow women to communicate in the electoral process . Giving women access to all election related information and government advisory on their rights and duties in the election process.

The Election Commission technology initiative of using Verified Voters Paper Audit Train (VVPAT) machines has instilled confidence in Women voters too.

The Systematic Voters Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) are the newly launched initiative for awareness programs through mass media to woo voters especially women voters.

In future election tools like •IVRS (interactive voice response system) for voters with low literacy levels. Will call instead of texting to ask if they know the location of their polling centre and if needed would provide it.

•Web Learning/E-Learning Technology to educate and inform women contesting in Panchayat Elections and help them know about their rights & duties through meetings and pre recorded information dissemination especially in the rural areas.

Women, Technology & the Electoral Process

C-DAC - Proposed set of activities - Potential Solutions

•Generating Online Tokens/Mobile Based Tokens for lesser waiting time.

•SMS Facility for Informing the Location of Polling Booth and expected wait .

•Online & Mobile Facility for Incorporating the Changes . After marriage women face a lot of difficulty in changing the ElectionI-Card .

•Development of interfacing tool for integrating UID, Municipal Corporation Data ,CBSE/State Boards Data etc.

Women, Technology & the Electoral Process

Women are most vulnerable when they’re disconnected. Technology usages provides ‘empowerment strategies’.

Technology is giving women information to boost their confidence.

Women now have full information about where they are registered, their voting and polling booth location.

They know that vulnerable locations are being watched and the response time to any untoward incident will be very quick.

Technology has enabled connecting with women and increased possibility of providing training and other support for women candidates, voters, campaigners and support staff .

Marked increase in women’s participation in voting turnout and election campaigning too.

Using technology to bridge the gender gap in Elections

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

Using technology to bridge the gender gap in Elections