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Virginia Counselors’ Picks: The Most Effective career Development Practices for Grades K-5
Dr. Michele Goodman Seibert
-a significant part of the career development process
-a lifelong process that includes early childhood-a process that occurs from early childhood
throughout the life span
Elementary Career Development
Virginia’s College and Career Ready Initiative (2010) –VDOE
President Obama’s Educate to Innovate campaign (2009)
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009- “progress toward college and career ready standards”
Virginia’s State School Counseling Standards (2004)
How is it relevant today?
Goal for grades K-5: “Students will investigate the world of work in order
to make informed career decisions.”
Virginia Counseling Standards
Statement of the Problem
What was used?Instrumentation-21 Question Survey combining the following:
Florida School Counselor’s Survey 2000◦ Demographics◦ Assess specific career
development activities and practices
◦ Chosen because it was successfully used in previous studies
◦ ( Osborn & Baggerly, 2004)
School Counselor Self Efficacy Scale◦ Adapted from the
Academic/Career subscale◦ Measure school counselor self
efficacy related to elementary career development
◦ SCSE could be used as an outcome measure for School Counseling Education Programs
◦ (Bodenhorn & Skaggs, 2005)
Public Elementary School Counselors across the state of Virginia
106 of 133 city and county divisions were contacted
1,083 schools 1,178 email addresses were obtained
Who was surveyed?
Electronic web based survey
1,178 elementary school counselors contacted through email
Survey Monkey Gold Plan with enhanced security (SSL)
Procedures
Who responded?
◦ -1178 emails were sent March 2012◦ -6 bounced back (incorrect email address) (.51%)◦ -19 (1.62%) opted out of receiving emails◦ -729 did not respond (63.23%)◦ -424 did respond (36.77%)◦ -387 met the criteria for the survey
◦Criteria: Part time or full time elementary school counselor for 2010-2011 school year
Who answered? Demographics
Female Male0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
400
24
94.30%
5.70%
Female
Male
Demographics: Education
Bache-lor's
Master's Ed.S. Ed.D. Ph.D0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
5
395
13 5 5
Highest Degree Received
3.1%
93.4%
1.2%
1.2%1.2%
Demographics: EthnicityEthnicity Percentage Number
Caucasian 82.10% 345
African American 15.50% 65Asian 1.00% 4Biracial 0.70% 3Hispanic 0.20% 1
Native American 0.20% 1Not Listed 0.20% 1
* Four participants skipped the question
Demographics: School Location
53.20%28.10%
17.30%
1.40%
SuburbanRuralUrbanOther
N=225
N=119
N=73
* Skipped by 1 participant
N=6
Demographics: School RegionSchool Region
Northern VA 36.60% 142Central VA 14.69% 57Tidewater 13.66% 53Western VA 11.09% 43Valley 9.80% 38
Northern Neck 6.45% 25Southwest 5.93% 23Southside 1.81% 7Skipped 8.49% 36
Total of 388 answered/ 36 skipped (8.5%)-considered NMAR
421 answered the question and 3 skipped the question (.71%) total eligible to complete the survey n=387
Range =330-336 (87.5%-89.1% largest difference =1.6%.Grade levels appeared to be equally represented.
Experience: # of years as a practicing elementary school counselor
377 Responded
Range 1-35 years Mean 11.30 years Median 10 years Mode 5 years (n=27)
2 Skipped Question
At this point in the survey 377 counselors responded
10 skipped the question 8 of the 10 that skipped
stopped the survey completely
Adjusted total 379
Elementary Career Development Training activities completed within the past year
Count
y/ C
ity In
-Ser
vice
Wor
ksho
p w/ C
EU
Confe
renc
e
Schoo
l In
Servic
e
Colle
ge C
redi
t Cla
ss
Wor
ksho
p w/o
CEU
Other
None/
No re
spon
se0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.650.90%
29.00%22.40%
18.20%
6.00%
21.10%
8.70%13.50%
Question 11: In order to be more effective at my school more training could be helpful
Answer Options
Response Count
Response %
Yes, a lot 77 20.5%
Yes, some 227 60.5%
I have enough
48 12.8%
Yes, very little
14 3.7%
No, none 9 2.4%
Training received on elementary career
development in counselor education program.
No specific training
Information as part of a 3 credit hour class
Independent Study (3 credit hours)
One 3 credit hour class
Other
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
117
165
3
81
22
31.12
43.89
0.8
21.55
5.86
Response % Response Count
Would more time be useful to implement career development?
Answer Options Response Count
Response %
4-5 hours/class 18 4.88%
2-3 hours/class 74 20.06%
1 hour /class 106 28.73%
Not sure 88 23.85%
No, all time was provided
83 22.50%
369 responded 10 Skipped
Total hours spent on career development grades K-3
Mean: 8.49 hours
Mode: 2 hours
Median: 5 hours
Range: 0-70
Outliers: 126, 200, 420 hours/ 319 responded and 60 skipped the question
Total hours spent on career development grades 4-5
Mean: 11.54 hours
Mode: 2 hours
Median: 6 hours
Range: 0-100 hours
Outlier: 200 hours/ 327 responded/52 skipped
Res
ult
sResearch question 1: What career development practices are currently being implemented by Virginia Elementary school counselors?
Classroom Career
Exploration (93.29%)
Used print materials(85.9%)
Online career exploration programs(70.3%)
Career Development activities in rank orderActivity % yes
Classroom Career Exploration 90.59%
Print Materials 84.21%
On line Career Exploration Programs 66.76%
Completed a Career Search w/students
62.33%
Introduced Career Clusters 61.22%
Guest Speakers 52.08%
Hands On Career Exploration Activities
50.14%
Individual Career Exploration 48.76%
Distributed Community Career Related Materials
42.94%
Activity % yes
Provided career exploration materials to parents
41.83%
Career Day or Career Fair 39.62%
Informed parents of career development school counseling standards
37.68%
Informed teachers of ways to incorporate career development in the classroom
35.74%
Student Career Dress Up Day 30.75%
Involved parents in a career exploration activity with students
26.87%
Career Exploration Field Trips 21.9%
Career Exploration CD ROMs 17.46%
Job Shadowing Opportunities for students
6.65%
Research Question 2:Over the 2010-2011 school year, to what extent do you believe that you met the Virginia Counseling standards: Grades K-3
Not Aware2.5% (n=9)
None.3% (n=1)
Some25.8% (n=92)
Most37.0%
(n=133)
All 33.1N/A 1.4%
(n=5)
357 responded / 22 skipped the question
Research Question 2: Over the 2010-2011 school year, to what extent do you believe that you met the Virginia Counseling standards: Grades 4-5
Not Aware1.4% (n=5)
None.3% (n=1)
Some24.4% (n=85)
Most31.8.0% (n=111)351 Responded / 28 skipped the question
What Activities are being used by Counselors with the Highest Self Efficacy?
Used online career exploration programs
Informed parents of career development school counseling standards
Informed teachers of ways to incorporate career development into the classroom
Top 3 Career Activities conducted by counselors indicating “all standards were met”: K-3 All standards were
met◦ Classroom Career
Exploration (101)◦ Using Print Materials (98)◦ Completed online career
exploration programs (82)
4-5 All standards were met◦ Classroom Career
Exploration (106)◦ Using Print Materials (99)◦ Completed online career
exploration programs (89)
These results matched the top 3 career activities used overall from research question 1:-Classroom Career Exploration : 90.59% (n=327)-Using Print Materials: 84.21% (n=304)-Completed online career exploration programs: 66.76% (n=241)
Summary, Conclusions, Implications, Future Research
-8 regional statistics combined for student enrollment 2010-2011 school year
Each region was given a percentage based on number of students in each region
Responses were comparable to the overall student population in grades K-5 in the 2010-2011 school year.
Overall the study represented 1/3 of elementary school counselors
Population Representation
Demographics: School RegionSchool Region
Northern VA 36.60% 142Central VA 14.69% 57Tidewater 13.66% 53Western VA 11.09% 43Valley 9.80% 38
Northern Neck 6.45% 25Southwest 5.93% 23Southside 1.81% 7Skipped 8.49% 36
Total of 388 answered/ 36 skipped (8.5%)-considered NMAR
Web Survey- ◦Dillman et al. (2009) some internet users
prefer to complete questionnaires by mail◦Mixed mode methods may be best
Student Feedback and Outcomes◦ Lack of student data◦Did not measure results of information gained
by students during career development activities
Limitations
Approximately 30% of Virginia elementary school counselors may not actively pursue the goal to meet career development standards.
School counselors may not be held accountable for meeting state standards for career development (affecting transition to the middle school)
Assists counselor educators to prepare students to meet the state and national standards in particular for career development at the elementary level.
Implications
Review and Revise Career Development Standards
K-3 (6 standards) 4-5 (4 standards) EC1 & EC2 focus on concepts, behaviors, and
their relation to the future EC8 refers to a “belief” including the changing
workplace and lifelong learning Are these concepts too complex? Can they be measured in elementary school?
Recommendations: State Level
Use the demographic data collected to analyze the SCSE scores to determine if any relationship exists between: ◦Years of experience◦Professional development activities attended◦Education on career development in counselor education
program◦School location
Are counselors given the time and resources to meet these competencies such as computer lab access, time to work with students individually, etc.
Future Research
Survey counselors, parents and teachers to determine if parents and teachers implement career information activities that are disseminated to them by the counselor.
Identify what online career exploration programs Virginia Elementary School counselors are using, frequency of use, and grade level use.
Are there ways to increase the variety of career development activities implemented? ( Mentoring instead of Job Shadowing, etc.)
Future Research