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Dr. Jožica Škofic (ISJ FR ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana; UP FHŠ, Koper)
Mycrotoponyms
as important part of Slovenian cultural heritage
ECSEED – UNGEGN; Ljubljana, ZRC SAZU, 26th November 2015
Content of the paper
Gorenjsko dialect
methodology of data collection and documentation of microtoponymy (based on visual and audio recordings)
◦ phonetic, simplified phonological transcription and standardised transcription (based on morphonological analysis)
linguistic analysis of toponyms
◦ reconstruction of naming motivation
◦ lexicographical presentation
◦ cartographical presentation
Keywords:
Slovenian cultural heritage
Gorenjsko dialect
microtoponymy
standardisation of dialectal names
lexicography
geolinguistic presentation of
toponyms
House names
= geographical proper names which denote:
◦ an occupied or unoccupied house with a street number in a settlement:
homestead/farm with land
house without land
ancilliary farm buildings (e.g. mill, saw etc.)
communal village buildings (e.g. church, presbytery, school, pub, fire station etc.)
the names stuck to houses and estates even after the original owners had moved on
they are part of the cultural heritage/the history of a village
Field names
= non-settlement-related geographical proper names within geographical names in the narrow (toponymic) and wider (geonymic) senses, denoting: ◦ the parts of the land surface used for the cultivation of
crops, the cultivation of fodder, livestock pasture, fields, orchards, vineyards, meadows, pastures and forests (agronyms)
◦ water areas (hydronyms)
◦ smaller slopes and mountains (choronyms)
◦ paths
◦ orientation points (viewing points, signs, crosses, mountain cabins, etc.)
Microtoponyms
field names designate:
◦ parts of landscape,
◦ waters,
◦ hills,
◦ paths,
◦ orientational points;
with microtoponyms: ◦ people designate the space, where they live and work
(orientation)
FN reflex geomorphological, historical, biological,
geological, social characteristics of the country as well as
historical development of the language in certain
country
FLU-LED (2011-2015)
= Flur- und Hausnamen – Ledinska in hišna imena
Cultural Portal of proper house- and field names in the border area of southern
Koroška (Carinthia) and Gorenjska (Upper Carniola)
http://www.flurnamen.at/si/startseite-si
Results of the project
Nomen vulgare (RAGOR), 2009-2015
13 communities (2009-2015)
153 villages
about 5200 HN
more than 2600 homes with a tablet with HN
(houses have got plates with the community
coat-of-arms and with the housename)
42 meetings with local people
(more than 700 locals)
34 booklets Kako se pri vas reče?
Internet lexicon of Slovenian surnames (together with
housenames) = Leksikon priimkov Slovenskega rodoslovnega
društva (http://www.rodoslovje.com/priimki/index.htm)
http://gis.iobcina.si/gisapp/Default.aspx?a=radovljica
Spletni GIS portal Obcina Radovljica
15
House names on community websites
Preparatory research work
fieldwork is based on preliminary archival and
research work
the copying-out of name-related material
from written sources:
◦ such as the cadastral register produced under
Emperor Francis I of Austria
◦ the land survey produced in the 1870s
(‘Reambulančni kataster’)
◦ the parish register
◦ the local and fiel-releated scientific studies and
literature
Historical image of the names recordings of „nomen vulgare" from Status animarum (SA)
(SA from Kropa)
recordings of microtoponyms from Franciscejski kataster (FK)
Breznica
Srednji vrh
PRAŠE
Pər Mlínari
Cabinet-table for collecting house-names
Location and state of the house Documentation of the house-name in other sources
Cabinet-table for collecting field-names
Documentation of the field-name in other sources Location and type of the „field“
Field-collecting of microtoponyms
names must be documented in writing as well as sound recordings
names in the noun/adjectival phrase must be documented in the various forms in which they appear: ◦ in the nominative (the answer to the question what?)
◦ in the non-prepositional genitive (subject in the negative in clauses like there is no ... or direct object in the negative like I do not see ...)
◦ in forms that answer the questions where? (location), where to? (destination of verbal action), where from? (origin of verbal action)
names with the structural type of prepositional phrase
24
Present (dialectal) image of the names
meetings with local people (recording
voice and writing names into the
tabulated list):
Kako se tam/pri vas reče?
Kako po domače kličete gospodarja
in kako gospodinjo?
Čigav je (bil) konj, hiša, polje; kateri/-a
Janez/Micka?
Field-work
Field-table for collecting house-names
Field-table for collecting field-names
Transcription
◦ scientific phonetic transcription (Pər Matíːjọ c, Matíːjọ čọ
vòːx)
◦ simplified phonological transcription using the standard
alphabet and ⟨ə⟩ (Pər Matíjovc, Matíjovčov vóh)
how to write or mark accents, the length and quality of accented
vowels, lost and weakened vowels, semi-vowels, the dialectal
development of vowels,
how to write dialectal consonants
how to preserve morphological, word-formation and syntactical
features as preserved in the names
◦ standardised transcription (based on linguistic
morphonological analysis) (Pri Matijevcu, Matijevčev log)
HN only at the phonetic-orthographic level
FN in accordance with the etymological-historical principle
http://www.delo.si/novice/slovenija/ribnisko-krosnjarjenje-od-patenta-leta-1492-do-danes.html
Ribniško krošnjarjenje od patenta leta 1492 do danes
polglasnik = ə
http://prekaljen-jezik.si/objave/najvecji-polglasnik-v-mestu/
Standardizing dialectal names?
◦ phonological-ortographical (HN)
◦ etymological-historical (FN)
VÓŠE
Ovsíše/Ovsišče Voše/Olše
(Sln. oves = Engl. Oats (Sln. olša/jelša = Engl. alder)
Identification!!
Motivational analysis of house-names
◦ surname of the first owner (Klinar , Potočnik …)
◦ first name of the first owner (Balont , Jernač, Matevžek, Šema; Jerca …)
◦ nickname of the first owner :
typical property (Vretena, Loden, Oštarija …)
typical food (Štrukelj, Klobasa, Kašar, Zabela, Prata …)
typical plant (Smrekar, Podlipnik, Žavbla …)
typical animal (Volk, Komar, Zajček, Muren, Miška …)
physical characteristics of the owner (Kobala, Ta dolgi …)
psychological characteristics of the owner (Fovšaritnica, Alelojovka, Šentejte,
Tajč …)
◦ geographical origin of the owner (Kropar, Dražgošan; Korošček,
Bohinjec, Rezijan; Amerikanc …)
◦ profession of the owner (Kovač, Šuštar, Žnidar, Mlinar, Fadajinka,
Skirar …)
◦ social status of the owner (Špan …)
◦ position of the house (Na Skalci, Podgradovc, Mostar…)
◦ function of the house (Mežnarija, Šola …) etc.
Motivational analyses of microtoponyms (field-names)
◦ position (Zgornji/Srednji/Spodnji konec, Za krajem …)
◦ geomorphological characteristics (Čelce, Ojstra peč, Zjavka, Galerije,
Frtala, Vilice, Podplatasta skala …)
◦ typical colour (Črni vrh, Črni potok …)
◦ plant names (Bukovlje, Pod Lipo, Brezovica, Hrinovec …)
◦ animal names (Junčevica, Jagnjevica, Petelinovec, Konjski britof, Gamsov
skret, Medvehka …)
◦ architecture object (Zgornji bajer, Za mlinom, Skakalnica, Pri stogu,
Pretvornik, Kapelica …, Plac, Mala gasa …)
◦ personal names (Na Jernaškem, Pri Marijici, Petrovec, Boštjanov bošt,
Mihovčev strmec, Martinček)
◦ house property (Koničarjev travnik, Klofarjev graben …)
◦ people activity (Za Dolgo njivo, Streljavnica, Dekliški tomf, Mili pogled, Tam,
kjer je ta mrtvi ta živega ubil …, Žegnan studenec …)
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Hvala!
Thank you!
