Upload
lynn-singleton
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
3
Citation preview
Dr. Gitte LindgaardHOTLab
(Human Oriented Technology Lab)Carleton University
2
3
4
5
TRUCKS ONLY
(From Stephen Grant, with permission by W. Bezanson)
6
7
8
Bad designs…
• What’s the problem with bad designs?– Infuriating– Confusing– Inefficient, requiring you to carry out more actions than
should be necessary– Difficult to learn and use– Have no means of telling you what they can do– Not obvious what you can do or how – ….. Etc.
9
User-Centred Design
• Aims to optimize the user’s interactions with the product– What are people good at? Bad at?– What might help people do things better (= faster, more
accurate, more fun)– Design for quality experience– Listen to people– Observe people– Use ‘tried and tested’ techniques
10
Mapping
(a) Natural, direct mapping
(b) Alternative mapping
11
Good/bad mapping?
Which is the most natural mapping here?
12
Designing for usability
• Questions the designer needs to ask:– How can we ensure that users can locate the
information they need– How should the information be presented to
help them interpret it correctly….– And then perform the correct action
13
Psychological components
• Perception in design– Can the user see the stimulus at all?
• Does it stand out from the background?• Is the contrast sufficient for him to discriminate
‘figure’ from ‘ground’?
14
Sequencing options
File Edit View Insert Format Tools Other Other Help
Other Edit Format Help View Tools File Other Insert
15
Hot keys
File Edit View Insert Format Tools Other Other Help
Task:Write down the hot keys for the following as quickly as you can:•Edit•Help•Format
16
Hot keys
File Edit View Insert Format Tools Other Other Help
Task:Write down the hot keys for the following as quickly as you can:•Edit•Help•Format
17
Hot keys
File Edit View Insert Format Tools Other Other Help
File Edit View Insert Format Tools Other Other Help
18
Psychological components
• Interpretation in design– Is it easy to understand what the stimulus
means?
19
Screen elements: Menus
New… Ctrl+NOpen… Ctrl+OClose
Save Ctrl+SSave AsSave as web pageSearch…
Versions…
• What may you deduce from the following?
• Semantic groups • Hot keys shown• “more” (open another window)• “more” (primary menus)• Can be activated• Cannot be activated
20
Bad messages
Ok
Invalid data - out of rangeLongjmp botch: core dumped
21
Bad messages
Ok
Error in OR1187.5K/2.3Closing application now
22
These error messages are not specific enough…
The month doesn’t have the date
Ok
Please correct the error
Ok
23
…Good error messages
Error! No rate entered in cost field Type in a rate between $20 and $500
!
Ok
24
…Good error messages
• Tell the user – That she has made an error– Where it is– What the error is– How to correct it
25
Psychological components
• Supporting the right decision or action– Is it easy to take the right action?
26
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959563Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
27
28
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959563Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
29
Task complexity
• Think about this task…The operator must • Find the right column (detect/attend encode)• Transform a number into a perception of the
location of an approaching aircraft relative to himself (interpret)
• Remember what that number was on the last screen and the screen before that and before that…. (recall)
• Compare these numbers mentally to• Decide whether or not the aircraft is descending
(output)
30
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959562Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182849 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959562Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182849 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959562Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182849 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959562Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182849 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959562Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182849 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
1182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 693955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393985021702847 5959531Fo0S 484230P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo1S 484229P< 393955021882847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959562Fo0S 484229P< 393956021182847 5979530Fo0S 484229P< 398455021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182847 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 393955021182849 5959530Fo0S 484229P< 39395502
Now
15 sec ago
30 sec ago
45 sec ago
60 sec ago
Etc.
31
time
Alt.
Would ‘direct mapping’ have led to another decision?
32
Summary so far
• As user interface designers, we must understand
• How and where to place information so the user can find it and can scan it with ease
• This was called perception• And it has something to do with understanding how
our sensory systems work + what users expect• You will be learning a lot more about perception in
this course
33
Summary so far
• We must try to place ourselves in the user’s shoes to make sure they can also– Interpret the information correctly and– Take the right action
34
The role of emotion/aesthetics
• Our first impression of a stimulus is emotional. It
• …represents what my body tells me to feel rather than what my brain tells me to think
• …is formed instantly, in a few msec (mere exposure effect)
• …is stronger than subsequent impressions (primacy effect)
• …lingers on for a long time• …is very resistant to change (confirmation bias)
35
So what?
• What does that mean for people who design web pages?
• If a user hates what he sees/hears right away, chances are that he will click onto the next site
• He won’t stay long enough to read and consider the information the site might contain
• He will have a negative impression of the company or institution behind the web site
• It will take a lot of work to get him back up to a neutral position or even get him to like what he sees
36
38
39
40
41
42
43
In the HOTLab we study
• How to analyse user behavior• Who are the users? What are they trying to do? What tools are
available to them? How might their environment influence their behavior?
• How interactive technology should be designed • Generate and apply design principles based on human
psychology
• How to evaluate interactive technology• Techniques, methods, tools, guidelines
44
For more information
See our website: www.carleton.ca.hotlab
Contact Dr. Gitte Lindgaard extension 2255
e-mail [email protected]