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8/3/2019 Dr Ghazy 3rd Lecture for 2nd Year Students Dental Instuments and Equipments
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8/3/2019 Dr Ghazy 3rd Lecture for 2nd Year Students Dental Instuments and Equipments
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BY Dr
Mohamed H. Ghazy
Associate Prof. of Fixed
Prosthodontics
October 18, 2011
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8/3/2019 Dr Ghazy 3rd Lecture for 2nd Year Students Dental Instuments and Equipments
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Classification
According to their uses
Diagnostic
Cutting
Restoring
Accessory
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Diagnostic instrumentA. Traditional diagnostic instruments :
• Mirror
Indirect vision Light reflection Retraction Tissue protection
•
Explorer (Probe) Distinguish areas of calculus. Distinguish decay. Distinguish areas of discrepancies on teeth.
• Cotton Pliers (Tweezers)Carry, retrieve and place small objects.
Locking Non-locking
• 4. Periodontal probe Measure the depth of salcus
•5. Articulating paper and holder
Adjustment of occlusion
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• B. New diagnostic instruments:
1.Digital radiograph.
2.Diagnodent Laser
3.Operating Microscope
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4. Intra-oral camera.
5. Loupes.
6. DIFOTI (Digital Imaging Fiberoptic
Trans-Illumination
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Cutting instruments• Hand cutting
• Powered rotary cutting
• Laser equipments
•
Other equipments
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Hand cutting instruments
Manufactured from• Carbon steel
•Stainless steel
• Carbide steel• Other alloys of nickel, cobalt, chromium
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Instrument design
• Blade(Working End)
– Portion of the instrument designed for a specific function
• Shank – Part of the instrument that attaches
the working end to the handle
• Handle
–
Portion of the instrument where the operator grasps
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Examples of hand cutting Instrument
Chisels Hatchets
Excavator
Angle former
Gingival marginal trimmer Files
Hoe
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Examples of hand cutting instruments.
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Powered (rotary) cutting Instrument
Power sources for dental units Electric motor driven
Compressed air
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Handpieceis a device for holding rotary instruments, transmitting power to
them and for positioning them intraorally
According to shape
• Straight hand piece
• Contra angle hand
piece
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Rotary speed ranges
• Low speed (below 12000 rpm)
• Medium speed (12000-200 000 rpm)
•
High speed (above 200 000 rpm)
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Disadvantages of low speed
1- Ineffective 2- Time consuming
3- Require a relatively heavy force application
Initial preparation of grooves and pinholes
Cleaning of teeth
Caries excavation
Finishing and polishing procedures
Uses of low speed
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Advantages of high speedFaster removal of tooth
structure with less vibration and heat production
Better control and greater ease of operation
Patient is less
apprehensive because annoying vibration and operating time decreased
In r m n l l n r
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Cutting tools
Dental rotary burs
Dental rotary abrasives
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Design features
Shank
Neck
Head
Sh k d i
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Shank designIt is the part that fit into the Definition
handpiece, and accepts the rotary motion from it
Long shankUsed with straight handpiece
Short latch shanksUsed with latch type contra angle
handpiece
Friction grip shanks sed with ultra high speed handpiece
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Neck design
It is the intermediate portion of an instrument that connects the head to the shank
Function: transmit rotational force to the head
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Head designIs the working part of the instrument, the
cutting edge or portion of which perform the desired shaping of tooth
structure
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Characteristics of the head
1. Type of cutting: Bladed (bur).Diamond abrasive.
2. Material of Construction:
Carbon steel.
Tungsten carbide.
Diamond ships.
Sand.
3. Head size
4. Head shape
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Finishing
End cutting
End and side cutting
Wheal
Pear
Fissure
Inverted cone
Round
Dental bur(shape)
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Burs flute design
Cross cut Plain
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Diamond abrasive instruments
Advantages
Long life
More effective in cutting enamel and dentin
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Diamond abrasive instruments
Fine60-74µm
Medium88-125µm
Coarse125-150
µm
Very fine38-44µm
Particlesize
Diamond abrasive instruments
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Diamond abrasive instruments
The wheel stone
Round and oval shaped stone
Cylindrical stone
Tapered stone
Inverted cone stone
Cup shaped stone
Barrel shaped stone
Pear shaped
Bud shaped
Root facer stone
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Wheel Round Spezial shapes
Pointed Torpedo Torpedo tapered
Cylinder Cylinder round Cylinder pointed
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Pear Cone Trapered
Tapered round Wheel Round
Cylinder Cylinder round
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Pear Cerafil Egg
Flame Grenade Cone
Bud Tapered Tapered round
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• Oval or flame Shaped: used to reduce palatal
and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth.
Wheel Stone: used to reduce incisaledges in anterior teeth and occlusal
planes of cusps of posterior teeth.Wheel Stone may be with flat end,
round end or tapered ended stone.
Barrel and Pear shaped stone: used
to reduce occlusal surfaces of
premolars and molars.
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• Tinker Stone: used to
perform shoulder with bevel
finishing line for PFM restorations.
Fisssure Stone as:
a. Tapered with round end used to perform
chamfer finishing line for full metalrestoration.
b. Tapered with flat end used to performshoulder finishing line for all ceramic full
coverage restoration.
c. Cylindrical stone. (long/short) used todo grooves for partial coveragerestorations.
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According to function
• Reducer
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Cutter
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•
Finishing
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• Guidance Stone
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•
Root Facer
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• Tissue Trimmer
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Discs
• Abrasive rotary instruments used forproximal slicing or reduction.
• Supplied either mounted or demounted• Used with conventional or slow speed
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Discs classification
According to theabrasive material
Carborandum
Diamond
Metal
Sand paper
According to size
Small 3/8 inch
Medium 5/8 inch
Large 7/8 inch
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Discs classificationAccording to shape
Flat shaped
Cup shaped
According to the side of
abrasive material
Safe sided
Double sided
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4-Accessory instruments and items.
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