By DR Fayza Maqbool

SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS DEPARTMENT 1

ANKYLOSIS A condition of joint/tooth immobility resulting

from any oral pathology, surgery or direct contact with bone.

BIOACCEPTANCE Ability to be tolerated in a biological environment in spite of adverse effects.

BIOCOMPATIBILITY Ability of a material to elicit an appropriate biological response in a given application in the

body.

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BIOACTIVITY The capability of promoting the formation of

hydroxyapatite and bonding to bone. BIOINTEGRATION

The process in which bone and other living tissue becomes integrated with an implanted

material with no intervening space.

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OSTEOINTEGRATION Process in which living bony tissue forms to

within 100 Å of the implant surface without any intervening fibrous connective tissue.

OSTEOINDUCTION Process of promoting bone formation

through a mechanism that induces the formation of osteoblasts.

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ENDOSTEAL IMPLANT A device that is placed into the alveolar

and/or basal bone of maxilla or mandible which transects only one cortical bone.

EPITHELIAL IMPLANT A device placed within the oral mucosa.

SUBPERIOSTEAL IMPLANT A dental device placed within the periosteum

and overlies cortical bone.

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IMPLANTATION Process of grafting or inserting a material such as an inert foreign body or tissue within

the body. REPLANTATION

Reinsertion of a tooth back into its socket soon after accidental or intentional removal.

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PASSIVATION Process of transforming a chemically active

metal surface into a less active surface. TEXTURING

Process of increasing surface roughness of the area to which bone can bond.

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SURGICAL PROCEDURE STEP 1: INITIAL SURGERY

STEP 2: OSSEOINTEGRATION PERIOD STEP 3: ABUTMENT CONNECTION STEP 4: FINAL PROSTHETIC RESTORATION

Success Rates

lower jaw, front – 90 – 95%

lower jaw, back – 85 – 90%

upper jaw, front – 85 – 95%

upper jaw, back – 65 – 85%

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• It is made by titanium and shaped like a screw. • Placed in the jawbone it serves as a secure root for the new tooth. • Restorations such as crowns, bridges or dentures can be attached.

Replace a missing tooth

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Replace multiple missing teeth

Replace an edentulous arch

Dental implants are used to:

4 TYPES I. ENDOSTEAL IMPLANTS: II. SUBPERIOSTEAL IMPLANTS; III. TRANSOSTEAL IMPLANTS: IV. EPITHELIAL IMPLANTS:

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ACTUAL PROSTHESIS

TRANSMUCOS--AL ABUTMENT

THE IMPLANT FIXTURE

First Implant Design by Branemark

All the implant designs are obtained by the modification of existing designs.

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Pre Op

Post Op

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Most popular implant material used today is titanium.

Pure titanium Ti-6Al-4V

Plasma spraying Acid etching Blasting with aluminum oxide

Mainly two types

Metallic Non-metallic

Titanium and its alloys. Stainless steel Co-Cr-Mo alloy

Most popular implant material. Gold standard among implant materials. A typical implant consists of a titanium screw

(resembling a tooth root) with a roughened or smooth surface.

Dental implants are made out of commercially pure titanium,

available in 4 grades depending upon the amount of carbon and iron.

Several favorable physical properties include Low specific gravity. High heat resistance. High strength comparable with stainless

steel. Corrosion resistant.

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ELI contains low level of oxygen Low level of oxygen increases ductility of ELI

alloy. Ti-6Al-4V alloy Implant surfaces may be

modified either by plasma spraying, anodizing etching or sandblasting to increase the surface area and the integration potential of the implant.

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Schnitman & Schulman (1979) gave criteria as 1) Clinically, mobility of an implant must be less

than 1mm. 2) No radiolucencey. 3) Bone loss should be less than 1/3rd the height of

implant. 4) Should be an absence of infection & damage to

structures. 5) Success must be 75% or more after 5 yrs of

functional service.

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Albrekisson et al (1986) gave the following criteria 1) The individual unattached implant must be is

immobile when tested clinically. 2) Radiograph must not have any periapical

translucency. 3) Vertical bone loss must be less than 0.2mm annually

following the implant’s first yr of service. 4) Performance must be characterized by the absence

of any infection, pain, neuropathies, parasthesia or violation of mandibular canal.

5) Minimum criteria for success must be 85% and 80% at the end of 5 and 10 yrs of observation period.

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