Down’s Syndrome

What is Down’s Syndrome?

Genetic Condition that causes delays in physical and intellectual development.

Occur in 1 in 800 births47 chromosomes instead of 46Not related to Race, nationality, religion

or socioeconomic status.They are more like others than they are

different.

Types of Down’s Syndrome

There are three chromosomal patterns that result in Down’s Syndrome

Trisomy 21: Caused by faulty cell division that result in the baby have three #21 chromosomes instead of 2.

95% of all cases have Trisomy 21

Types of Down’s Syndrome

2. Translocation: occurs in only 3% of all cases.

A part of chromosome 21 breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. The presence of an extra piece of the 21st chromosome causes the characteristics of Down’s Syndrome.

Types of Down’s Syndrome

3. MosaicismOccurs when nondisjunction (separation)

of chromosome 21 takes place immediately after fertilization.

The cells with 47 chromosomes contain an extra 21st chromosome.

This type of Down’s Syndrome occurs in 2% of all cases.

Types of Down’s Syndrome

Chromosome 21 is present in all or some of their cells.

This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with the syndrome.

Diagnosis

Identified at birth or shortly after.Based on physical characteristics:

Low muscle toneSingle crease on the palm of the handSlightly flattened facial profileUpward slant of the eyes

Diagnosis

The diagnosis must be confirmed by a chromosome study (Karotype).

A Karotype provides visual display of the chromosomes grouped by their size, number and shape.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEVkbuooXo4

Causes

Causes by an error in cell divisionNot known why it occursNot related to anything the mother did

during pregnancyIncidence of Down’s Syndrome

increases with advancing maternal age.However 80% of children with Down’s

Syndrome are born to women under 35.

Health Issues

Many have health complications beyond the usual childhood illnesses.

40% have congenital heart defects. Higher incidence of infection, respiratory,

vision and hearing problems.The average life expectancy is 55 years.

Learning and Development

Will most likely have developmental delays however they will also have many talents and skills and should be encouraged to pursue them.

Are to be treated the same as other children.

Services should be provided immediately after birth.

Prenatal Diagnosis

Two Types of procedures are available to pregnant women:

1. Screening Tests: Estimate the risk of the baby having Down’s Syndrome.

2. Diagnosis Tests: Tell whether or not the baby has Down’s Syndrome.

With a partner I want you to…

Suggest some tips for teaching kids with Down’s Syndrome.

Suggest some tips for teaching kids with autism.

Suggest some tips for teaching kids with Asperger’s

You have 15 minutes to do this.

Tips for Teaching

1. High Expectations

2. Instruction should be guided by ability and needs.

3. If student is highly distractible seat away from windows and doors.

4. Small group discussion may be more beneficial.

5. Try to set aside one on one instruction

Teaching Cont.

6. Ask the student to rephrase questions.

7. Set aside time for frequent review

8. All adequate response time

9. Provide consistent positive reinforcement

10. If student makes mistake, ask them to try again.

11. Give clear signals by using audio or pictorial clues.

Teaching Cont.

12. Present only a few stimuli or objects at a time (Worksheet with few pictures).

13. Use concrete objects/manipulative along with verbal explanations.

14. Be flexible with attaining educational goals (computer instead of a pencil).

Best Practices

InclusionSelf EsteemIntellectualShortened attention spanDistractibilitySpeech and languageBehavior management techniques