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What this seminar isn’tWhat this seminar isn’t– Weather 101Weather 101– How to read METARsHow to read METARs



Weather ConsiderationsWeather Considerations

Personal Rules to LIVE byPersonal Rules to LIVE by– Bright Lines you don’t crossBright Lines you don’t cross

Personal WX minima VFR/IFRPersonal WX minima VFR/IFR PAVE (pre-flight planning)PAVE (pre-flight planning) CARE (in-flight decision making)CARE (in-flight decision making)




Establish weather criteria in the comfort of Establish weather criteria in the comfort of your own home when you don’t have a your own home when you don’t have a specific trip in mindspecific trip in mind

Recognize the difference between “legal” Recognize the difference between “legal” and “appropriate” and “appropriate”




Personal VFR MinimumsPersonal VFR Minimums– CeilingCeiling– VisibilityVisibility– Max X-Wind ComponentMax X-Wind Component– Fuel Reserves (Day/Night)Fuel Reserves (Day/Night)




Personal IFR MinimumsPersonal IFR Minimums– Precision ApproachesPrecision Approaches

Ceiling (above published mins)Ceiling (above published mins) Visibility (above published mins)Visibility (above published mins)

– Non-Precision ApproachesNon-Precision Approaches– Takeoff MinimumsTakeoff Minimums– Fuel ReservesFuel Reserves– Freezing Level height above cruise altFreezing Level height above cruise alt



PAVEPAVE

During Pre-flight planning evaluate:During Pre-flight planning evaluate: PPilotilot AAircraftircraft enenVVironmentironment EExternal Pressuresxternal Pressures



PAVEPAVE

In pre-flight planning the In pre-flight planning the PAVEPAVE checklist checklist reminds you to consider:reminds you to consider:

PPilot: Health (ilot: Health (IMSAFEIMSAFE - - IIllness, llness, MMedication, edication, SStress, tress, AAlcohol, lcohol, FFatigue, and atigue, and EEmotional motional state) qualifications, capabilities, currency, state) qualifications, capabilities, currency, proficiency, IFR/VFRproficiency, IFR/VFR

AAircraft: Equipment, performance, load, fuel ircraft: Equipment, performance, load, fuel capacity, runway surface and length, capacity, runway surface and length, operating ceiling, limitationsoperating ceiling, limitations



PAVEPAVE

The The PAVEPAVE checklist continued: checklist continued: EnEnVVironment: Weather, personal minimums, ironment: Weather, personal minimums,

terrain, over water, high altitude operations, terrain, over water, high altitude operations, airspace and NOTAMsairspace and NOTAMs

EExternal Pressures: Expectant host, xternal Pressures: Expectant host, planned meeting, special event, passengersplanned meeting, special event, passengers



Elements in the Elements in the PAVEPAVE checklist are checklist are cumulative. A major problem in any area is cumulative. A major problem in any area is reason to cancel the flight but multiple minor reason to cancel the flight but multiple minor problems in more than one area can also problems in more than one area can also make delaying the flight a good idea.make delaying the flight a good idea.

A single problem in any area should be a A single problem in any area should be a yellow flag to take notice but two or more yellow flag to take notice but two or more problem areas should be a red flag to take problem areas should be a red flag to take action and change your plan.action and change your plan.



CARECARE

In flight monitor changes in the PAVE criteria In flight monitor changes in the PAVE criteria and consider:and consider:

CConsequencesonsequences AAlternativeslternatives RRealityeality EExternal Pressuresxternal Pressures



CARECARE

Once you’re airborne use the Once you’re airborne use the CARECARE checklist to stay checklist to stay on top of factors affecting the flight.on top of factors affecting the flight.

CConsequences: Consider consequences of onsequences: Consider consequences of changing risk factors during the flight (changing risk factors during the flight (PPilot, ilot, AAircraft, Enircraft, EnVVironment, and ironment, and EExternal pressures) xternal pressures) and the decisions you make regarding them.and the decisions you make regarding them.

AAlternatives: Have a back up when you can’t lternatives: Have a back up when you can’t continue as planned, remembering that your continue as planned, remembering that your alternatives will decrease as the flight progresses alternatives will decrease as the flight progresses and you burn the fuel that will allow you to take a and you burn the fuel that will allow you to take a different route or divertdifferent route or divert



CARECARE

The The CARECARE checklist continued: checklist continued: RReality: Maintain situational awareness and eality: Maintain situational awareness and

deal with the actual conditions, not what you deal with the actual conditions, not what you hoped or planned would happen. Accept hoped or planned would happen. Accept change and take proper actionchange and take proper action

EExternal pressures: Other people or xternal pressures: Other people or personal commitments cause goal oriented personal commitments cause goal oriented behavior at the expense of making good behavior at the expense of making good decisions.decisions.



CARECARE

As with the As with the PAVEPAVE checklist, items in the checklist, items in the CARECARE checklist are also cumulative. While a checklist are also cumulative. While a single major problem in any area can cause single major problem in any area can cause a complete change of plans, minor problems a complete change of plans, minor problems in two or more items of the in two or more items of the CARECARE checklist checklist should cause you to re-evaluate the should cause you to re-evaluate the situation and take appropriate actionsituation and take appropriate action




The The PAVEPAVE and and CARECARE checklists are your checklists are your virtual co-pilot, the challenging voice in the virtual co-pilot, the challenging voice in the back of your head that causes you to back of your head that causes you to evaluate each flight management decision evaluate each flight management decision you make and validate that decision against you make and validate that decision against a personal standard rather than just winging a personal standard rather than just winging it.it.




Local Weather StuffLocal Weather Stuff– Lingering Marine LayerLingering Marine Layer– Santa Ana WindsSanta Ana Winds

TurbulenceTurbulence Mountain WaveMountain Wave

– Low freezing levelsLow freezing levels

Snow & Ice away from homeSnow & Ice away from home




Would you be happy with the headline in Would you be happy with the headline in tomorrow’s newspaper?tomorrow’s newspaper?

Would you do this with 100 paying Would you do this with 100 paying passengers in the back?passengers in the back?



FAASafety.govFAASafety.gov

Register at FAASafety.govRegister at FAASafety.gov– Document your support for the programDocument your support for the program

Attend Safety SeminarsAttend Safety Seminars– Green Stamps in the BankGreen Stamps in the Bank

NASA Incident ReportingNASA Incident Reporting– Immunity for unintentional violationsImmunity for unintentional violations– 5 year clock5 year clock– Must be able to document to be able to useMust be able to document to be able to use



Flying is not inherently dangerous, but Flying is not inherently dangerous, but

to an even greater extent than the sea, to an even greater extent than the sea,

it is terribly unforgiving of any carelessness, it is terribly unforgiving of any carelessness,

incapacity, or neglect.incapacity, or neglect.

Thank you for attending.Thank you for attending.

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