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Hazardous AttitudesDr Claude Preitner - Senior Medical Officer CAA
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Definition at·ti·tude (t-td, -tyd) n.
1. A position of the body or manner of carrying oneself: stood in a graceful attitude. See Synonyms at posture.
2. The orientation of an aircraft's axes
relative to a reference line or plane, such as the horizon.
3. A state of mind or a feeling or disposition:
Having a positive attitude about work of being
arrogant or hostile.
4. The orientation of a spacecraft relative to its direction of motion. 5. A position similar to an arabesque in which a ballet dancer stands on one leg
with the other raised either in front or in back and bent at the knee.
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Not
so
good
Hazardous
Great
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“Give me the child before age 7 and I will give you the man”
Francis Xavier, born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta (7 April 1506 – 3 December 1552) was a pioneering Roman Catholic missionary born in the Kingdom of Navarre and co-founder of the Society of Jesus = Jesuits.
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Carl Gustav Jung 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961
Swiss psychiatrist , an influential thinker and the founder of Analytical Psychology (psycho-analysis)
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Definition
Attitude is one of Jung’s 57 definitions in Chapter XI of Psychology types. Jung's definition of attitude is a
"readiness of the psyche to
act or react in a certain way"
(Jung, [1921] 1971:par. 687). Attitudes very often come in pairs, one conscious and the other unconscious. Within this broad definition Jung defines several attitudes.
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Openness
(inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious). Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience.
Personality – 5 characteristics (Jung)
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Conscientiousness – (efficient/organizedvs. easy-going/careless). A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement and planned rather than spontaneous behaviour.
Personality – 5 characteristics (Jung)
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Extraversion – (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved). Energy, positive emotions, urgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.
Personality– 5 characteristics (Jung)
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Agreeableness – (friendly/compassionatevs. cold/unkind). A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others.
Personality– 5 characteristics (Jung)-
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Neuroticism – (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident).
A tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability
Personality - – 5 characteristics (Jung)
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Personality – Nature vs Nurture ~ 50% – 50%
Openness to Experience 57% Extraversion 54% Conscientiousness 49% Neuroticism 48% Agreeableness 42%
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• Type A and Type B personality
• Sanguine quick, impulsive, and relatively short-lived reactions. (hot/wet)phlegmatic a longer response-delay, but short-lived esponse. (cold/wet)choleric short response time-delay, but response sustained for a relatively long time. (hot/dry)melancholic (Also called "Melancholy") long response time-delay, response sustained at length, if not, seemingly, permanently. (cold/dry)
Other models
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Other common model
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FAA - Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI)Oklahoma City
Pilot medical certificationAerospace medical educationAerospace medical and human
factors researchAviation industry drug and alcohol testingOccupational Health
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Attitude in aviation - Aeronautical Decision Making
FAA Research on ADM showing (1987) :
training in ADM 10 – 50 % less ADM
related accident.
FAA publication on Aeronautical Decision
Making (ADM): AC #60-22
(December 1991) Approach to risk management How Attitude affects ADM Attitude self-profiling How attitude can be changed
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Definitions (AC #60-22)
ADM: Systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in a given set of circumstances
Personality is the embodiment of personal traits and characteristic of an individual that are set at a very early age and extremely resistant to change
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Attitude
Attitude is a personal motivational predisposition to respond to persons, situation, or events in a given manner.
Attitude management is the ability to recognisee hazardous attitudes in oneself and the willingness to modify them as necessary
FAA recognises 5 hazardous attitudes in aviation
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Antiauthority
Don’t tell me what
to do
Antidote Follow the rules
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Invulnerability
It want happen to me
Antidote
It could happen to me
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Macho
I can do it
Antidote: Taking chances is
foolish
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Impulsivity
Do something quickly
Antidote Not so fast
I want this now
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Resignation
What’s the use ?
Antidote I am not helpless,
I can make a difference
Well so be it !
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What is this guy’s attitude ?
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Example of Good Attitude All who are practically concerned
with aerial navigation agree that the
safety of the operator is more important
to successful experimentation than any
other point. The history of past investigation demonstrates
that greater prudence is needed rather than
greater skill.(Wilbur Wright – 1901 – two 2 years before first flight)
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Attitude Change
Attitudes are relatively constant
but not necessarily permanentRole of experienceAttitude change through cognition
(learning)Attitude change through emotions
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Conclusion
Good ADM depends on: Safe attitude:
Is knowing one’s attitude Ability to modify one’s attitude Ability to cope with stress
Learning the pitfalls Avoiding the pitfalls
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Steps for good ADM Identifying personal hazardous attitudes Learning behavioural modification
techniques Learning how to recognise and cope
with stress Develop risk assessment skills Using all resources Evaluating the effectiveness of one’s
ADM skills
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Knowing Operational Pitfalls
Flying when unwell Neglect of preparation Peer pressure Mind set Get-there-itis Duck under syndrome
(IFR approach) Scud running VFR in IMC
Getting behind
aircraft Loss of situational
awareness Low fuel reserve Descent below minima –
en route Flying outside the aircraft
envelope
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Resource
FAA – AC # 60-22
Will help you with passing on the message to sudents
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Safe attitude is also about acknowledging what we don’t know
What I know
What I know I know
What I Don’t want to know
What I don’t know I know
What I don’t know I don’t know
What I know I don’t
know
What I think I know
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Example of Good Attitude All who are practically concerned
with aerial navigation agree that the
safety of the operator is more important
to successful experimentation than any
other point. The history of past investigation demonstrates
that greater prudence is needed rather than
greater skill.(Wilbur Wright – 1901 – two 2 years before first flight)
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Herman Geiger
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Rosa BlancheGlacier – 196410’000 ftDr Preitner Senior
Questions ?