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ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) 2001

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 300

1. Write in essay in about 300 words on anyone of the following : 100

(a) Knowledge is power(b) Consequences of globalisation(c) Value of Yoga(d) Science and human happiness(e) Tourism in India

2. Read the following passage and answer inyour own words the questions that follow:

5 15 = 75The world we live in presents an endlessvariety of fascinating problems which exciteout wonder and curisoity. The scientificworker attempts toformulate theseproblems in accurate tenns and to solvethem in the light of all the relevant factsthat can be collected by observation andexperiment. Such questions as 'What','How', 'Where' and 'When' challenge himto find the dues that may suggest possiblereplies. Confronted by the many ask : Whatare the lavas made of? How does the volca

now work and how is the heat generated?Where do the lavas and gases com from?When did the volcano first begin to eruptand when is it likely to erupt again?

In terms of chemical compounds andelements, the question 'How' refers toprocessesthe way things are made orhappen or change. The ancient regardednatural processes as manifestations ofenergy acting on or through matter. Volcaniceruptions and earthquakes no longer reflectthe erratic behaviur of the gods of theunderworld; they arise from the action ofthe earth's internal heat on and through thesurrounding crust.

The source of the energy lies in the materialof inner earth. In many directions, of course,our knowledge is still incomplete, only thefirst of the questions we have asked aboutviolcanoes, for example, can as yet besatisfactorily answered. The point is not thatwe now protend to understand everythingbut that we have faith in the orderliness ofnatural process. As a result of two or threecenturies of scientific investigation, we havecome to believe that Nature isunderstandable in the sense that when weask questions by way of appropriateobservations and experiments,she willanswer truly and reward as with discoveriesthat endure.(a) How does the autor describe the task

English Compulsory (Main)Previous Year Question Paper

English (Compulsory) 2001

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of the scientific worker?(b) Why does the author speak about

volcanoes?(c) What does the equation 'How' refer to?(d) How did the ancients look upon

volcanoes and earthquakes?(e) What does the author say about our

knowledge of the world?

3. Make a precis of the following passage, inyour own words, in about 230 words, onthe special precis-sheets provided Marks willbe deducted for precis not written on theprecis sheets. Marks will also be deductedif your precis is much longer or shorter thanthe prescribed lenght. The precis-sheetsshould be securely fastened inside theanswer book. State the number of wordsused by you in your precis. 75No amount of improvement andreconstruction in education will bear muchfruit if our schools and colleges areundermined by indiscipline. An impartialexamination makes it clear that studentsand teachers alike need more of the spiritof discipline. If proper education is to begiven, acts of indiscipline prevalent in oureducational institutions have to be checked.Indiscipline may take the shape of groupindiscipline or individual indiscipline. Groupindiscipline is the worse of the two. Whileas individuals many of our students are asgood as students elsewhere, the tendencyto group indiscipline has increased in recentyears. Many causes have led to his groupindiscipline. For various reasons under aforeign regime, acts of indiscipline becamefrequent, often necessitated by the politicalactivities, which were launched against aforeign government. While there may beenjustification for such indiscipline underdifferent political circumstances, we feel that

there is no justification on for such acts ofindiscipline after the attainment ofindependence. The democratic constitutionwhich the country has adopted permits theredressing of grievances throughdemocratic machinery.It would be againstall principles of democracy if such acts ofindiscipline were to continue.

The real purpose of education is to trainyouth to discharge the duties of citizenshipproperly. All other objectives are incidental.Discipline, therefore, should be theresponsibility of parents, teachers, thegeneral public and the authorit iesconcerned. There are some positive factorspromoting discipline. The Indian student'snatural tendency is to be disciplined. It isonly when forces acts strongly on him thathe may sometimes be led astray. Heappreciates rules and is normally inclinedto abide by them. Much can be done toencourage this trend in school and collegelife. Personal contact between teacher andpupil is essential. Emphasis is also to belaid on the role of the class teacher ortutorial guide in promoting general disciplineand the welfare of the pupils. Further agreater responsibility should devolve uponthe students themselves in the maintenanceof discipline. Nothing is more calculated todevelop a proper sense of self-discipline andproper behaviour than their enforcement,not by any outside authority with anysymbol of punishment but by the studentsthemselves. They should choose their ownrepresentatives to see that proper codes ofconduct are observed.Another important method of bringing hometo pupils the value of discipline is throughgroup games. It is on the playing fields thatthe virtue of playing the game for its ownsake and the team spirit can be cultivated.Such extracurricular activities as Boy Scouts.



Girl Guides, the National Cadet Corps, JuniorRed Cross and Social Service actvities willpromote a proper spirit of discipline. Thebuilding up of a trully harmonious andunited form of community life should be theendeavour of all progressiv educationalinstitutions.

Besides these positive factors, certainnegative factors also promote discipline.The discipline of the youth of any countrydepends upon the discipline that is exercisedby the elders. It is a well-known fact thatin all democacies election time is a time offeverish activity not always conducted inthe most healthy spirit, and the utilizationby politicians of immature minds likestudents for purposes of electioneeringcompaigns, with or with out slogansattached thereto, is not calculated topromote sound discipline among students.It should be considered an election offencefor any member or party to utilize theservices of pupils under the age of 17 inpolitical or civic campaigns. Besides, whilethe educative value of leading politiciansaddressing out students from time to timemay be readily admitted, the tendency oftenis for the leaders not to speak to theaudience before them but to a widerauidence whose attention they wish toattaract through the press. It is notnecessary that every speech made by apolitician should be a politial speech.

Lastly, discipline among students can onlybe promoted if there is discipline amongthe staff. The teacher and educationaladministrator should realize that theiractivities are all being watched by theirpupils. To what extent, therefore, both intheir personal conduct and in their generalattitude to all problems concerning theircountry, they have to realize that there are

limitations within which they must act forthe best interests of education. Ultimately,it is the school or college atmosphere andthe quality of the teachers there that ensureproper codes of conduct and disciplineamong out students.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks using appropriateforms of the words given below :

value, offend, strike, jealous, put,grant, disturb, learn, fly, economic(i) The man ................ into a rage

and tore away his garments.(ii) A sensible man never takes

everything for ................(iii) No one seems to have taken

................ at her manners.(iv) When are you ................ out to

sea again?(v) I have no mind to trespass upon

you .................. time.(vi) Try to rise above petty personal

..........................(vii) The officer ............. through one

paragraph and accepted the rest.(viii) The report I have received is very

................. indeed.(ix) She has sent her paper to a

.............. journal.(x) These new measures will give a

boost to our

(b) Use each of the following words in twoseparate sentences, first as a noun andthen as a verb : 10(i) turn(ii) spell(iii) part(iv) contact(v) meet

(c) Rewrite fol lowing sentences as



directed: 5(i) You are too early for the show.

(Use "enough")(ii) The Mahanadi is not so long as

the Gange. (Use the comparativedegree)

(iii) Varsha readily complied ..............my request. (Fill in the gap with apreposition)

(iv) We are sure of his honesty.(Change in to a complex sentena)

(v) Sarita said, "Don't open thewindow." (Change into the indirectform)

5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10(i) May I now take your leave?(ii) The soup will taste better if it had

more salt in it.(iii) Is he used to come late everyday?(iv) You daughter is twelve years old,

isn't it?(v) We must be true to our words.(vi) Datta is living here since 1998.(vii) A twenty miles walk is really very

hard.(viii) We watched the man to disappear

in the woods.(ix) Kalidas has written Meghadutam.(x) Let's have coffee.

(b) Of the words given in brackets, choosethe one you think appropriate to fill inthe blanks: 10(i) He seems to be ........... to hard

work. (adverse; averse)(ii) The building does not ........... to

safety regulations (conform;confirm)

(iii) Asharam was accused of.. .... .... .... ... .. the workers

(exciting; inciting)(iv) Rescue workers rushed to the site

of the plane .......... (crass; crash)(v) Gagan uses expensive

.................... for his letters.(stationery; stationary)

(vi) The factory was ............. makingtoys. (seized; ceased)

(vii) Shakil is .................. at solvingdifficult crossword puzzles.(ingenuous; ingenious)

(viii) I wish you a ................. recovery.(fast; speedy)

(ix) Everybody said that her decisionwas ................... (judicious;judicial)

(x) You will have to ......................your afternoon tea as we have nomore sugar. (forego; forgo)

(c) Use the following phrases in sentencesso as to bring out their meaning :(i) deal in(ii) prime of life(iii) above board(iv) dwell upon(v) in full swing



1. Write an essay in about 300 words in anyone of the following : 100

(a) The ways to enrich our regionallanguages.




(b) Whither Indian democracy today?(c) Terrorism in india.(d) Science and Religion.(e) If I were the Prime Minister of

India.

2. Read the following passage and answer theyour own words the questions that follow:

5 15 = 75The scientific and technological revolutionhas brought about fundamental changes inthe socio-economic sphere. the Use ofdiesel engine and electricity and thebeginning of the application of atomicenergy have changed the modes ofproduction. There things have led to theconcentration of capital in a few hands.Great enterprises are replacing cottageindustries and small firms. The workingclasses have certainly benefitedeconomically. The miracle of production hasnecessitated the miracle of consumption.Better amenities are available at a lowercost. A man can buy anythin he wants today.if he can only afford. But what kind of menare needed today for our society? men whocan co operate in large groups, men whosetasks are standarized, men who feel freeand independent and at the same time arewilling to fit in the social machine withoutany friction.

Modern man is faced with a sort of moraland spiritual dilemma. The crisis of valuesyawns before him. Today the old values arein the metling pot, and the new values havenot found their foothold. Man has becomethe automaon he has contrived; he has lostownership of himself. The discord betweenthe development of positive science on theone had and the dehumanization of manon the other is the worst crisis of the modern

age.

Apart from the economic sphere, the socio-political sphere ha..not escaped thisstratification and the congruent crisis ofvalues. Since the Renaissance, man hasbeen striving for individual right and self-dignity. But under the present set-up, onlytwo types of men are found theconditioner and the condtioned. Thepaganda offices and the planning bureaushave almost crushed the 'individual self',and it has resulted in the rise of the 'socialself'. Due to this pressure, the personalityfulfilment or its all round development isdenied to many.(a) What has changed the modes of

production today?(b) What things are being replaced by

great enterprise?(c) What kind of men are needed today

for our society?(d) Why has man become the automation

of his own creation?(e) Is modern man able to attain

personality fulfilment?

3. Make a precis of the following passage inyour own laguage, in about 230 words, onthe special precis-sheets provided. Theprecis-sheets should be securely fastenedinside the answer book. Indicate thenumber of words used by you in your precis.

N.B.Marks will be deducted if yourprecis is much longer or shorter thanthe prescribed length. 75"What is the use of the house if you haven'tgot a tolerable planet to put it on?" askedHenry David Thoreau. More than centurylater, the Earth seems to be literally fallingto peicesrecent environmental set-backsinclude billions of tonnes of ice shelvesbreaking off in the Antarctic and unusually



warm temperatures in different parts of theworld. Panic reactions range frompredictions of sinking is lands to thelamenting the ill-effects of global warminginduced by release of greenhouse gases intowith the problem of climatic change to evenacknowledge the fact that the state of theplanet hings on much more. Climatic changeis at best a symptom of a far more complexmalaise, just as a fever is most often onlyan indicator of something that's gone awaryin our body. It is time for a complete andcomprehensive planetary health check, thatwill examine the impacts of change in landuse, loss of biodiversity, use of fertilizersand pesticides and consistent pollution ofwater bodies. This would overcome thelimitations of evaluating how ecosystemswork by reacting to just one majorenvironmental concern as is happening inthe case of global warming. Theseconsiderations have ben responsible for thesetting up of an international panel, theMillenium Ecosystem Assessment. Financedby four major international bodies, includingthe UNO and the World Bank, the eco-panelwas set up withut much fuss last June(2001), and is expected to determine, overa period of four years and at a cost of $ 21million, the state of the Earth's ecosystem.

The eco-panel will have source inputs frommore than 2,000 natural and social sceintistthe world over. Put simply, the Earth willgo through the equivalent of a thoroughphysical analysis, so that biological,economic and social information can becollated to help scientists arrive at a finaldiagnosis. What is crucial, says one of thescientists, is that "no one has previouslytried to work out how all of these conflicingprssures interact." The other important inorder to maintain ecological balance.

Scientific bodies like the internationl panelon Climate Change (IPCC) have access tovast amounts of baseline data realting tothe subject - although critics points out thatthe information available is mostly from theNorth, leaving the concerns of the Southlargely unrepresented. The newly-constituted eco-panel will have to takeallthese aspects into account. For instance,it will have to ensure that data collection ismore representative of the regions of theregions world. Today, we have theadvantage of sourcing data from remotesensing satellites as well. The informationthus gathered would have to be sorted outand analysed by specialists and also bygeneralistsbefore the panel comes out withspecific periodic predictions, prescriptionsand warnings. The healing pro cess canbegin only if all the scientific evidence anddirection is made available to a wideauidence and not just restricted to policymakers. Rather than depending solely upongovernments to listen to and take correctiveaction, the focus should now be onconvincing individuals and communitieswhose collective or individual action willeventually make the difference betweenregression and recovery.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks using appropriateforms of the words given below : 10

ride, diminish devotion, shout, watch,contest, disastrous, pleasure,philosophizing, finance.(i) Mohan is ............... to his father.(ii) None seems to have been

................. with his speech.(iii) She .............. at the peon when

he sat down.(iv) His................... conditions is at a



low ebb now.(iv) Several candidates are ...............

the Panchayat elections.(vi) The boy was frightened to

.............. the movie.(vii) What does Samkara's ..................

teach us?(viii) Hariharan's suspicious moves

herald a ................(ix) In the circus show, I saw a bear

................. a bicycle.(x) The chances of starvation deaths

have ............... today

(b) Use each of the following wores in twoseparate sentences first as a noun andthen as a verb : 10(i) race(ii) hit(iii) play(iv) touch (v) experiment

(c) Rewrite the following sentences asdirected parenthetically :(i) "Do not make a noise." said the

teacher to his students.(Change into indirect form)

(ii) Hari is so short that he cannottouch the ceiling. (Replace 'so' by'too')

(iii) She bought a house last year. Thehouse is white. (Change intopassive voice)

(iii) She bought a house last year. Thehouse is white.(Change into a simple sentence)

(v) Hard as he worked, he failed inthe examination (Use 'though')10

5. (a) Correct the following sentences :10(i) He boasts his achievements now

and then.(ii) She is living in this flat since 1995.(iii) The Principal was angry upon the

boys.(iv) Character is more preferable than

intelligence.(v) Krishna hanged all the pictures on

the wall.(vi) The sceneries of Kashmir more me

most.(vii) Cattle is grazing in the field.(viii) Hari is going foreign next month.(ix) She knew that I am leaving the

place.(x) His leder brother gave him many

good advices.

(b) Of the words given in the brackets,choose the one you think appropriateto fill in the blanks : 10(i) The raod accident proved to be

.................. (fateful, fatal)(ii) He got a ................... opportunity

to qualify in the test. (gold, golden)(iii) Faridabad is an ................ city.

(industrial, industrious)(iv) An ashram is a ............. place.

(quite, quiet)(v) Sohan's handwriting is .............

(eligible, illegible)(vi) We should not disturb the

................... of his mind. (piece,peace)

(vii) You should ... ... .... ... . ....anexample to strengthen yourviewpoint (site, cite)

(viii) Akbar was an ..... .... ... toHumayun. (hair, heir)

(ix) Rajasthan is a well-known ...........(desert, dessert)



(ix) The ................ turned me out ofthe class. (principal, principal)

(c) Use the following phrases in sentencessoas to bring out their meaning :(i) bring about(ii) call names(iii) run out(iv) by leaps and bounds(v) lame excuse



1. Write an essay in about 300 words on anyone of the following : 100

(a) The Need foralternative Sources ofEnergy

(b) The Role of Judiciary in India(c) Freedom of Expression(d) My Idea of an Administrator(e) Pleasures of Reading

2. Read the following passage and answer inyour own words the questions that follow:

2 15 = 75This rule of trying always to do things asone can do them has an important bearingupon the problem of ambition. No man orwoman should be without ambition, whichis the inspiration of activity. But if one allowsambition to drive one to attempt thingswhich are beyond one's own personalcapacity, then unhappiness will result : Ifone imagines that one can do everything

better than other people, then envy andjealousy, those twin monsters, will cometo sadden one's days. But if oneconcentrates one's will come to saddenone's days. But if one concentrates one'sattention upon developing one's own specialcapacities, the things one is best at, thenone does not worry over much if otherpeople are more successful.

There are those again who are discontentedwith their own job and complain ofdurdgery.But there is no job in the world which doesnot contain a large element of drudgery.Do you imagine that a Prime Minister hasno drudgery to do, or an artist, or an author?I loathe drudgery as much as any man; butI have learnt that the only way to conquerdrudgery is to get through it as neatly, asefficiently as one can. You know I am rightwhen I say that. A dull job slackly donebecomes twice as dull; a dull job which youtry to do just as well as you can becomehalf as dull. Her again effort appears to methe main part of the art of living.Have I any other, and less disagreeable,hints to suggest? I believe that every manand woman has somewhere tucked awayinside them a sense of beauty. Without thissense life on this earth is veiled in dim greyclouds. It may be that you do not care, orthink you do not care, for poetry or art ormusic. If you make the least effort, you mayfind that some or all of these things willcause you sudden delight; and once youcatch that delight it will never you. Becauseif life, as I believe, is a constantly renewedeffort, then the human frame and nervesrequire some relaxation.(a) When does ambit ion lead to

unhappiness?(b) How can a person avoid envy and

jealousy?




(c) How can we avoid the feeling ofdrudgery?

(d) Should we avoid ambition?(e) What does the phrase "to get through

it" mean?3. Make a precis of the following passage in

your own words in about 230 words. Markswill be deducted if the precis is not writtenon the separate precis sheets provided andthe lenght of the precis exceeds or falls shortof more than 10 words used the prescribedlenght. State the number of words used byyou in the precis and securely fasten theprecis-sheets inside the answer-book. 75

Some wars in the past were quite asdisorganizing and as destructive of thecivilization of devastated areas as was theSecond World War. North Africa has neverregained the level of prosperity that itenjoyed under the Romans. Persia neverrecovered from the Mongols nor Syria fromthe Turks. There have always been twokinds of wars, those in which thevanquished incurred disaster, and those inwhich they only incurred discomfort. Weseem, unfortunately, to be entering uponan era in which wars are of the former sort.

The atom bomb, and still more thehydrogen bomb, have causes new fears,involving new doubts as to be effects ofscience on human life. Some eminentauthorities, including dissension? Again :India and Pakistan cannot agree aboutKasmir, therefore one of them must supportRussia and the other the United States. Itwill be obvious to anyone who is aninterested party in one of these disputesthat the issue isfar more important than thecontinuance of life on our planet. The hopethat the human race will allow itself tosurvive is therefore somewhat slender.

But if human life is to continue in spite ofscience, manking will have to learn adiscipline of the passions which, in the pase,has not been necessary. Men will have tosubmit to teh law, even when they thinkthe law unjest and iniwuitous. Nations whichare persyaded that they are onlydemanding the barest justice will hav toacquiesece whenthis demand is deniedthem by the neutral authority. I do not saythat this is easy: I do not prophesy that itwill happen; I say only that if it does nothappen the human race will happen: I sayonly that if it does not happen the humanrace will perish, and will perish as a resultof science.

4. (a) Fill inthe blanks using the appropriatefrom of the words given below : 10offensive, imagination, psychological,conceive, vacation, entire,enthusiasm,lacerating, deify, margin(i) I do not believe in the

.................... of an ordinarypolitician.

(ii) She could not bear to look at his...................... hand.

(iii) Most people do not have any clear... .... ... . .... .... .. of judisicalactivism.

(iv) Who can dare to ........................the boss?

(v) A sensible person can .................the plight of others.

(vi) You have to consider the matterin its ......................

(vii) It is difficult to ................ suchdullards.

(viii) We can no longer .....................the poor and the suppressed.

(ix) You will have to ........................the house.



(x) ..............is an interesting subject.

(b) Use each of the following words in twoseparate sentences, first as a noun andthen as a verb:(i) help(ii) nurse(iii) judge(iv) pillory(v) round

(c) Rewrite the following sentences asdirected within brackets :(i) No metal is as costly as gold.

(Use the comparative degree of"costly")

(ii) I doubt if you have done it.(Change into a negative sentencewithout changing the meaning)

(iii) He was elected leader. (Changeinto active voice)

(iv) She confessed that she was guilty.(Turn it into a simple sentence)

(v) She said, "Can you write a poem?"(Change into indirect speech)

5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10(i) Each of the scholars, belonging to

various contries, have spokenabout it.

(ii) All were present except the andhis sister.

(iii) I wonder if ten thousand rupeesare a large sum.

(iv) She lay the table an hour ago.(v) SHe absented from the class for

no reason.(vi) He is untidy boy.

(viii) Of milk, coke and coffee the latteris my favourite.

(ix) All this happened prior 1971 war.(x) Scarcely had she gone that he

arrived.

(b) Choose the appropriate words givenin the brackets to fill in the blanks inthe following sentences : 10(i) Nehruji made a ...................

speech in Parliament on thisoccasion. (Historical, historic)

(ii) Such heavy responsibilities cannotbe .................. easily. (born,borne)

(iii) The doctor visits him on................. days. (alternative,alternate)

(iv) I do not know why he is.................. towards me.

(contemptuous, contemptible)(v) To work for more than eight hours

is quite (exhaustive, exhausting)(vi) Democracy does not allow the

..................... of the minorities.(Prosecution, Perscution)

(vii) No meeting of the ......................of ministers has been scheduledfor tomorrow. (council, cabinet)

(viii) Al l wordly pleasures areconsidered to be ................ bysaints.

(momentary, momentous)(ix) Any ... .... ... . .... of secret

documents is punishable by law.(tempering, tampering)

(x) He is an ................... persontowork with. (amiable, amenable)

(c) Use the following phrases in your ownsentences so as to bring out theirmeaning:(i) to come across(ii) to be cut out for(iii) over head and ears(iv) to see eye to eye



(v) to draw the line




(a) Indian Budget is a Gamble on theMonsoons

(b) Necessity of Water-Harvesting inIndia

(c) Social Harmony vs. CommunalFrenzy

(d) Criminalization of Politics(e) 'All the following passage and

answer, in your own words, thequestions that follow at the end :

515=752. Read the following passage and answer, in

your own words, the questions that followat the end : 5 15 = 75The flowering of Indian civil izationconstitutes one of the most go gloriouschapters in the history of mankind. Aculture, remarkable for its moral no lessthan for i ts millennia and more, isnecessarily a subject of great fascination.Yet over and above its longevity, Indiancivilization is also characterized by someother features which deserve to behighlighted in any review of its past. Theability of this civiization to absorb aliencultures with out losing its distinctiveidentitiy has intrigued scholars over thecenturries; and this capacity for creative

absorption is as much in evidence, today,when India is undergoing a seminaltransformation into a modern industrialcommunity, as it was in the centuries past,when alien communities with novel waysof life migrated into the subcontinent, tobe drawn into the living matrix of Indiansociety.

The continuity of Indian civilization restsvery substantially upon social institutionsand upon the dissemination of a commoncorpus of religious values among differentclasses and communities in thesubcontinent. This civilization was alsogeared to a cycle of agriculture activitywhich substantially determined the totalordering of society. Hence, the fact that thegreat epicentres of Indian civilization werelocated in the plains of the Indus and theGanga in the north; and those of theMahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, andthe Cauvery in the south. Over the centuriesthe people living in these reverine regionshad conjured into existence a round ofeconomic activity and a set of socialinstitution, which were designed to producethe agricultural wealth which sustained life.Indeed, the structure of rural society, witha central place occupied bythe cultivatingclasses, which were linked by ties ofpatronage and prescription to numerousartisanal and menial groups; and the fabricof caste society, with the interlockinginstitutions of Varna and Jati has to belooked upon as the historical answer of theIndian genius to the needs of sustainingproduction in a rural society. The strikingfeature of this social organisation was thepremium which it put on self-sufficiency andsurvival within the framework of an agrariancivilization.

(a) What is the most distinctive




feature of Indian civilization?(b) Which section of the society

occupied a central place in Indiancivilization?

(c) Identitfy the great epicentres ofIndian civilization as narrated inthe passage.

(d) On what did the Indian socialorganisation lay emphasis?

(e) What does the phrase "conjuredinto existence" mean?

3. Make a precis of the following passage inyour own words in about 220 to 240 words.Marks will be deduced if the precis is notwritten on the separate precissheetsprovided and if it is longer or shorter thanthe prescribed limit. State the number ofwords used by you in the precis at its endand securely fasten the precis-sheets insidethe answer-book. 75There is some similarity between Italy andIndia. Both are ancient countries with longtraditions of culture behind them, thoughItaly isa newcomer compared to India, andIndia is a much more vast country. Bothare split up politically, and yet theconception of Italia, like that of India, neverdied, and in all their diversity the unity waspredominant. In Italy the unity was largelya Roman unity, for that great city haddominated the country and been the fountand symbol of unity. In India there was nosuch single centre of dominant ity, althoughBenares might well be called the EternalCity of the East, not only for India, but alsofor Eastern Asia, But, unlike Rome, Benaresnever dabbled in empire or thought oftemporal power. Indian culture was so widespread all over India that no part of thecountry could be called the heart of thatculture. From Kanyakumari to Amarnath andBadrinath in the Himalayas, from Dwarka

to Puri, the same ideas coursed, and if therewas a clash of ideas in one place, the noiseof it soon reached distant parts of thecountry.Just as Italy gave the gift of culture andreligion to Western Europe, India did so toEastern Asia though China was as old andvenerale as India. And even when Italy waslying prostrate politically, her life coursedthrough the veins of Europe.

It was Metternich who called Italy a"geographical expression", and many awould-be Metternich has used that phrasefor India, and strangely enough, there is asimilarity even in their geographicalpositions in the two continents. Moreinteresting is the comparison of Englandwith Austria, for has not England of thetwentieth proud and haughty and imposingup still, but with the roots that gave strenghtshrivelling up and decay eating its way intothe mighty fabric.

It is curious how one cannot resist thetendency to give an anthropomorphic formto a century. Such is the force of habit andearly associations. India becomes BharatMata, Mother India, a beautiful lady, veryold but ever youthful in appearance, sad-eyed and forlorn, cruelly treated by aliensand outsiders, and calling upon her childrento protect her. Some such pricutre rousesthe emotions of hundreds of thousands anddrives them to action and sacrifice. And yetIndia is in the main, the peasant and theworker, not beautiful lady of ourimaginations represent the bare-bodied andbent workers in the fields and factories? Orthe small group of thouse who have fromages past crushed the masses and exploitedthem, imposed cruel customs on them andmade many of them even untouchable? Weseek to cover truth by the creatures of our



imaginations and endeavour to escape fromreality to a world of dreams.

And yet, despite these different classes andtheir mutual conflicts there was a commonbond which united them in India, and oneis amazed at its persisitence and tenacityand enduring vitality. What was thisstrengths due to? Nor merely the passivestrength and weight of intertia and tradition,great as these always are. There was anactive sustaining principle, for it resistedsuccessfully powerful outside influences andabsorbed internal forces that rose to combatit. And yet with all its strength it could notpreserve political freedom or endeavour tobring about political unity. These latter donot appear to have been considered worthmuch trouble; their importance was veryfoolishly ignored, and we have suffered forthis neglect. Right through history the oldIndian ideal did not glorify political andmilitary triumph, and it looked down uponmoney and the professional money-makingclass. Honour and wealth did not gotogether, and honour was meant to go, atleast in theory, to the men who served thecommunity with little in the shape offinancial reward.The old culture managed to live throughmany a fierce storm and tempset, butthough it kept its outer form, it lost its realcontent. Today it is fighting silently anddesperately against a new and all-powerfulopponent the bania civilization of thecapitalist West. It will sucumb to thisnewcomer, for the West brings science, andscience brings food for the hungry millions.But the West also brings an antidote to theevils of this cut-throat civilization - theprinciples of socialism, of cooperation, andservice to the community for the commongood.

4. (a) Fill in the blanks using the appropriateforms of the words given below:burn, near, harm, perfect, invite,create, join, administer, spendthrift,skill(i) I did not accept the .................

because I was angry.(ii) An honest man is the noblest

........... of God.(iii) His father prevented him from

.................. a dance school.(iv) A judge should ........................

equal justice to all.(v) He looks gentle enough, but he can

be ................. at times.(vi) He has ....................... his case

to my satisfaction.(vii) Your opponent is too ..............to

cope with.(viii) Despite suggestions to the

contrary, he continued to be a....................

(ix) The .................. sun made thetraveller thirsty.

(x) Bombay is the seaport.................... to Europe.

(b) Use each of the following words in twoseparate sentences, first as a noun andthen as verb :(i) present(ii) move(iii) issue(iv) pain

(v) crowd

(c) Rewrite the following sentences asdirected within brackets : 5(i) He had to sign or be executed.

(Turn into a complex sentence)(ii) Given the order. (Use the passive



form)(iii) I was doubtful whether it was you.

(Turn into negative sentence)(iv) He was disgraced his family. (Use

the noun of "disgraced".)(v) He was so tired that he could not

stand.(Turn into a simple sentencereplacing "so" by "too") 10

5. (a) Correct the following sentences :(i) The rain was accompaied by hail

and storm.(ii) I cannot help but think that he is

a fool.(iii) I have never seen a clever man at

engineering than him.(iv) It is all the more better if he

marries your daughter.(v) Objections to this proposal can be

stated as thus.(vi) He travlled from one corner of

India to the other.(vii) She could not make up the mind.(viii) They tried to wipe out the poor

widow's tears.(ix) It is the best ideal each person

may aspire for.(x) You are not entitled for admission.

(b) Choose the appropriate words fromthose given in the brackets to fill inthe blanks in the following sentences :10(i) She has a .... . .... .... .... ...

appearance. (gracious, graceful)(ii) Our principal is a man of kind and

................. nature (judicious,judicial)

(iii) He is .................. to both praiseand blame. (sensible, sensitive)

(iv) Gandhiji was the .......................head of the Congress party.(virtuous, virtual)

(v) I do not regard his scheme as......................... (practicable,practical)

(vi) The Equator is an ....................line round the world. (imaginative,imaginary)

(vii) No meeting of the........................ of ministers hasbeen scheduled for tomorrow.(council, cabinet)

(viii) Acts of .................... negligenceare punishable by law. (willing,wilful)

(c) Use the following phrases in yoursentences so as to bring out theirmeaning : 5(i) to call forth(ii) to fall through(iii) to get along(iv) to lay bare (v) to put up with


1. Write an essay ijn about 300 words on anyone of following : 100

(a) Environment and Conservation(b) Role of women in Social

Transformation(c) Nuclear Energy in War and Peace(d) India's Foreign Policy and World

Power(e) Television and its Impact on Youth




2. Read the following passage and answer inyour own words the questions that follow :

5 15 = 75It is wrong to believe that science has totallyeclipsed literature with its inspiring zeal.That literature plays a subordinate role ofscience is equally untrue. Nevertheless, itis undeniable that science has comparativelya wider range for its impact on the physicalworld than literature. But that does notmean that literature has been incorporatedin the realm of science to the extent that itloses its distinct individuality. The reality isthat both co-exist without the oneovershadowing the other. Those who thinkthat science has pushed literature intoshade reducing it to a non-entity seem tobe simply imaginative and illogical in thecomparisons of their respective merits. Itis no doubt unquestion albe that productsof science are of greater material value thanthose which make an emotional appeal,e.g., a bridge is of greater use to the publicthan a poem. But thereby one should notignore the importance of a poem which willcontinue to appeal to human mind for timeto come. It is indisputable that a scientifictheory like the one propounded by Einsteinis not without its philosophical import as itlays its impress on the future growth ofliterature. But to be effective in this respectscience should unfold its principles byappealing to human emotions and notthrough curde and concrete material facts.Darwin's theory of Natural Selection in itsexposition of the evolution man by appealto emotions and imagination of men hasbeen conducive to the growth of nineteenthcentury literature. Man's emotional attitudesto life and vicissitudes of his fortune arecoloured not only by his inherited instincts

and faith in his fate but also by his hope inpoint of longevity of life and betterment offuture prospects. Oriented by a scientifictheory, they give a colour to literature.

Literature feeds the emotional andimaginative hunger of man. In thisperspective science will not oust literaturebut enrich it by its impact on human life.Science can provide amentities of life forhuman comfort but fails to lend or impartspiritual pleasure. Delight that literatureinstills in man far transcends the comfortswhich science provides.(a) What is the basic contribution of

science to humankind?(b) What aspect of human life is fulfilled

by works of literature?(c) How have Darwin's and Einstein's

theories proved "conductive to thegrowth of ..... literature?"

(e) Briefly enumerate the key ideas in thepassage.

3. Make a precis of the following passage inyour own words in about 220 to 240 words.Marks will be deducted if the precis is notwritten on the separate precis sheetsprovided and if it is longer or shorter thanthe prescribed limit. State the number ofwords used by you in the precis at its endand securely fasten the precis-sheets insidethe answerbook. 75Gautama, the Buddha, has suffered as muchas anyone from critics without a sense ofhistory. He has been cried up, and crieddown, with an equal lack of historicalimagination. Buddhism came to be widdelyknwon in the west in the latter part of the19th century when a wave of scepticismspread over the world as a result of thegrowth of science and enlightenment.Positivism, agnostieism, atheism and ethical



humanism found wide support. In much ofthe literature of doubt and disbelief, thename of Buddha is mentioned with respect.The humanists honour him as one of theearliest protagonists of their cause-thehappiness, the dignity, and the mentalintegrity of mankind. Those who declarethat man cannot know reality, and otherswho affirm that there is no reality to know,use this name. Agnostics quote his example.Social idealists, ethical mystics, rationalistprophets are all attracted by his teaching.

Great as is the value of the Buddha'steaching for our age, we cannot hope tounderstand its true significance withoutreference to the environment in which helived. This effort of historical imaginationis not easy. To view the Buddha as a thinkerof the sixth century B.C., living, moving andteaching in its peculiar conditions, is a taskof extreme difficulty and delicacy; and thework of reconstruction can never becomplete. But we may be reasonably certainthat it yields a picture which in its mainoutlines, at least, must correspond fairlywell to the reality.The supremacy of the ethical is the clue tothe teaching of the Buddha. His conceptionsof life and the universe are derived fromhis severely practical outlook. The existenceof everything depends on a cause. If weremove the cause, the effect will disappear.If the source of all sufering is destroyed,suffering will disappear. The only way inwhich we can remove the cause of sufferingis by purifying the heart and following themoral law. Man is not divine but is tobecome divine. His divine status issomething to be built up by good thoughts,good words, and good deeds. The egoconsists of the feelings that burn us, of thepassions wer brood over, of the desires that

hunt us and of decisions we make. Theseare the things that give life its dramaticcharacter. There is nothing absolute andpermanent in them. That is why we canbecome something different from what weare. The reality of the person is the creativewill. When we deny the clamour ofemotions, stay the stream of things, silencethe appetites of body, we feel the power ofself within out own being.

For the Buddha, the impulse to dharma, tojustice and kindliness is operative inthings,and its efficient activity will mean thereduction of disorder, cruelty andoppression. Dharma is organic to existenceand its implication of karma or right actionis the builder of the world. There is not inthe Buddha's teaching that deep personalloyalty, passion of love, and intimatedialogue between should and resemblingclosely in its expression of earthly love. Andyet the essnece of religion, the vision of areality which stands beyond and within thepassing flux of immediate things, theintuitive loyalty to something larger thanand beyond onself, and absolute active inthe world, is in him.We find in Guatama, the Buddha, inpowerful combination, spiritual profundityand moral strength of the highest order anda discreet intellectual reserve. He is one ofthose rare spirits who bring to men arealization of their own divinity and makethe spiritual life seem adventurous andattractive, so that they may go forth intothe world with a new interest and a newjoy of heart. While his great intellect andwisdom gave him comprehension of highesttruth, his warm heart led him to devote hislife to save from sorrow suffering humanity.The greatness of his personality, hisprophetic zeal, and burning love for



suffering humanity made a deep impressionon those with whom he lived; but his truegreatness stands out clearer and brighteras the ages pass, and even the scepticalminded are turning to him with a more realappreciation, a deeper reverence and a truerworship. He is one of those few heroes ofhumanity who have made epochs in thehistory of our race, with a message for othertimes as well as their own.

4. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10(i) Too great a variety of studies

destruct the mind.(ii) The whole fleet of their ships were

captured.(iii) Each of these students have done

their work.(iv) None but fools has ever believed

it.(v) He is one of the cleverest boys that

has passed through the school.(vi) My friend, philosopher and guide

have come.(vii) The majority are opposed to this

proposal.(viii) He told me that he saw his father

last month.(ix) If he would have worked hard, he

would have passed examination.(x) Unless he will be more careful, he

will not recover.

(b) Add the suffix 'able' or 'ible' to each ofthe following words making necessarychanges in spelling. Write out the"new" words. 10(i) Advice (ii) Contempt

(iii) Force (iv) Access(v) Value (vi) Reduce

(vii) Discern (viii) Agree(ix) Detach (x) Reverse

(c) Use the following phrases in your ownsentences so as to bring out theirmeaning: 5(i) Apple of discord(ii) A bolt from the blue(iii) A feather in one's cap(iv) Achilles' heel(v) A man of letters

5. (a) Which of the two words within bracketsin the following sentences is correct inthe context? 5(i) Poets often (sore, soar) to great

heights of imagination.(ii) Knowledge (proceeds, precedes)

from the Goddess of Learning.(iii) The tower was struck by

(lightning, ligghtening) and felldown.

(iv) Kanpur lies on the air (rout, route)to Calcutta.

(v) Everyone is (jealous, zealous) ofhim.

(vi) The crocodile emerged from theriver and (seized, ceased) a goat.

(vii) He was found in (collusion,collision) with the plotters.

(viii) Wicked persons are not (illegible,eligible) for responsible posts.

(ix) He is a man of (lose, loose)character.

(x) The Emperor is staying at the royal(mansion, mention).

(b) Use each of the following words in twoseparate sentence first as a noun andthen as a verb : 10(i) Book (ii) Bare

(iii) Clam (iv) Drive(v) Face

(c) Change the following sentences into



Indirect Speech : 10(i) He said, "I am too ill to speak

now."(ii) The policeman said to the man,

"Where are you going"?(iii) She said to her children, Let me

work undisturbed."(iv) He said to the students, "Do not

sit here."(v) He said, "May god pardon the

sinner."




Time Allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 300

1. Write an essay in not less than 300 wordson any one of the following : 100(a) Social Impact of Black Money(b) Women in Combat Forces(c) Internet as Virtual Library(d) Fashion Boom in India(e) Are we Aggressive and Rude People?

2. Read the passage carefully and write youranswers to the following questions in clear,correct and concise langauge:

5 15 = 75There is no reason to believe that there arefundamental differences between the Eastand the West. Human beings areeverywhere human and hold the samedeepest values. The differences which are,no doubt, significant, are related to external,temporary social condtitions and arealterable with them. East and West arerelative terms. They are geographicalexpressions and not cultural types. Thedifferences among countries like China,Japan and India are quite as significant asthose among European or Americancountries. Specific cultural patterns withdistinctive beliefs and habits developed indifferent regions in relative isolation fromone another. There were periods whenChina and India were pre-eminent in culturalaffairs, others when Western nationsbecame dominant. For the last fourcenturies Western nations aided by scientificdevelopment have dominated the East.

The world has now reached a state of inter-communication. All societies are fastbecoming industrialized and new sets ofvalues are springing up. We are called uponto participate in the painful birth of a newcivilization. If we are to live together inpeace we must develop internationalcooperation and understanding.

It is for the political leaders to determinethe pratical steps by which the sources ofpower and communication now available tous can be used for closer cooperation andfriendliness among the people of the world.No political understanding can be madepermanent without understanding at thecultural level. Apart from its intrinsicimportance, such understanding contributes to the enrichment of humanexperience. Facile generalizations are madeby philosophers of history which are highlymisleading. Hegel in his Lectures on thephilosophy of History says that 'Persia isthe land of light; Greece the land of grace;India the land of dream; Rome the land ofEmpire:

(words : 292)(a) What does the passage say about

cultural differences in different regions?(b) What comments does the author make

about the similarities and dissimilaritiesbetween the East and the West?

(c) What, according to the passage, is therole of communication in building up anew civilization?

(d) How will cultural understanding at theinternational level benefit humansocieities?

(e) Why does the author call thestatements of hegel ' faci legeneralizations'?

3. Make a precis of the following passage




keeping the length within the limits of 230-240 words. It is not necessary to suggest atitle. Failure to write within the word limitmay result in deduction of marks. The precismust be written on the separate precissheets provided for the purpose that mustthen be securely fastened inside the naswerbook. Clearly state the number of words inthe precis at the end.

We all show our feelings on issues by theway we look and react. This has beenreferred to as body language. We end tolean forward, hand on chin when we areinterested, or turn away when disinterested.Our hands and arms can indicate we areopen to what is being said by being relaxed,or show that we are not by being clenchedor crossed. We are, therefore, making bodypictures of what we feel and think all thetime. Indeed people who are talking to uscan often get as much information from ourbody osture as from what we say of howwe say it. We might calmly but show weare anxious by moving from foot to foot orby blushing. It is hard to control one'sbehavioural reactions, for it is more of astimulus response reaction than the wordswe use.Nevertheless through training it is feasibleto portray the image you want to others.With the advent of television as a majorpolitical medium there is a lot of effort goinginto grooming representatives oforganizations and particularly chiefexecutives to control their gestures andgesticulations. All this may sound as if youneed to be a good actor in order to besuccessful at conversation control.Theanswer is, in one sense, you do. There isno use in saying one thing and doinganother. The actual visual behaviur ofshaking your head, for example, while

saying yest will deafen the words. Thosewho are effective at conversation controlact in a congruent way. Their behaviourmatches their words. You can see theymean what they say. They present anauthentic pictures because their visualsmatch their verbals. With practice it ispossible to improve performance inconversation without adding any morewords. The improvement can come becauseyou improve your visual gestures andgesticulatios. For example, you canencourage another person by smiling whenhe/she says something that pleases you.Indeed the smile is a very powerful gesture.It can swtich people 'on and off' if done atthe appropriate time.

Psychologists refer to the laws ofconditioning and reinforcement. To beskilled in conversation control you need toknow and apply these laws. Conditioningmeans having an effect on someone'sbehaviour by introducing a condition thateither encourages or discourages thatbehaviour. For example, we have all beenconditioned to stop when we see a red lightat a traffic intersection, and to proceed ifwe see a gree light. People can beconditioned in conversation by such visualcues. For example if you want someone tocontinue talking, smile and nod at regularintervals. The smile sets up the green lightpermission as a condition for the otherperson to speak. The nod reinforces whatis being said and gives the unspokenpermission to continue. People are verysensitive to such permission cues and clues.If you stop smilling and head nodding, theywil l usually stop and you can thencontribute. Likewise you can influence theattention of people with whom you aretalking by the way you use your eyes and



hands, particularly when you are addressinga group. To exercise control it is importantto make eye contact with one or morepeople. If it is a group, move your eyecontact from time to time so that eachperson is being conditioned to the fact thatit could be their turn next for you to speakto them.

Body language and the gestures andgesticulations you make are key aspects ofconversation control. Many books havebeen written on the subjects of how ourbody very often tells others what we arethinking before we have spoken. The visualdues get through much more quickly thanthe verbal ones. Also use your hands toemphasise a point or get them to direct thelistener's gaze where you want it toconventrate. The pointed finger or the openpalm tells the story. Our task is to line upwhat we say with what we do and viceversa. If you do clench your first and angry,then your words should feflect this. If youare felaxed, happy and smilling, they sayno. (words : 705)

4. (a) Rewrite the following sentences aftermaking necessary correction of erros:

10(i) Neither percept nor discipline are

so forceful as example.(ii) Do you know if there is a house

for letting in the neighbourhood.(iii) Who you said was coming to see

me in the mornning?(iv) He was finding it increasingly

difficult to make his two endsmeet.

(v) The poor people of the village buyneither vegetables nor grow them.

(vi) On entering the hall, the numberof visitors surprised me.

(vii) The short story should not exceedmore than two hundred words.

(viii) Before giving the mixture to thechild shake it thoroughly.

(ix) Nothing has or could be moretragic than his death.

(x) The reason that the students thesedays are so undisciplined is thatthey do not get any guidance fromtheir parents.

(b) Fill in the blanks with appropriateprepostion/particle and rewrite thecompleted sentences :(i) I told him that he could not catch

a big fish ................ a small rod.(ii) He was taken ................ task for

shortage in cash balance.(iii) The father pulled .............. his son

for his extravagant habits.(iv) He is so clever, it is difficult to see

................ his tricks.(v) I have been invited by my friend

............... tea.(c) Choose the appropriate verb form to

fill in the blanks and rewrite thesentences:(i) The efficiency of a plant

...................... by the load it cantake.(a) knows(b) is known(c) has been known(d) has known

(ii) Everyday last week my aunt................. a plate.(a) breaks(b) was broken(c) broke(d) has broken



(iii) If I ................ one more question,I would have passed.(a) had answered(b) would have answered(c) would answer(d) answered

(iv) He promised ................... me apost in his department.(a) to have given(b) having given(c) have given(d) to give

(v) Please don't .............. when yougo out.(a) leave opening the door(b) leave the door open(c) leave the door opened(d) leave open the door

(d) Change the following sentences intoIndirect Speech :

5(i) He said," I will not approve of such

a behaviour in future."(ii) He said on the telephone, "We

kept on doing our work till latenight."

(iii) She said, "As your mother is ill,you must go home at once."

(iv) Ram said to Sita, "Do you intenedto come with me to the forest?"

(v) The child said to the Sherpa, "Whydidn't you choose to climb to theMoon?"

5. (a) Fill in the blank with an appropriatederivative of the word given withinbrackets & rewrite the sentences: 10

For example: It has been raining

continue continuously for two days.(i) She had few rights but all the

(responsibile) .....................of herwork.

(ii) Women chose not to vote(machine) ................. at thebidding of their menfolk.

(iii) In South Africa, certain areas are(exclude) .......... meant for whitepeople.

(iv) The Pathans of the frontier are(descend) .......... of GenghisKhan.

(v) The court ordered him a heavy fineand (prison) ............ of 3 years.

(vi) India lodged a complaint withPakistan for (courage) ..............terrorism in Kashmir.

(vii) Candidates with Graduate degreesin (Human) ............ and Artsprefer office jobs.

(viii) Despite the call for ceasefire,thewar continued (abate).....................

(ix) A creative person is known for his(source) . .... .... ... . .... .. andflexibility.

(x) The police could not control thesituation as the protesters(number) ....... them manifold.

(b) Make sentences using the followingwords as directed so as to bring outthe meaning :(i) Pitch (as noun and verb)(ii) Mirror (as noun and verb)(iii) Humble (as adjective and verb)(iv) In (as adverb and preposition)

(c) Use the following phrases/idioms in



sentences so as to bring out themeaning :(i) bell the cat(ii) thank one's starts(iii) be on tenterhooks(iv) true to one's salt(v) come out with flying colours




(a) Heritage Tourism is Good for Us(b) Importance of a Work-Ethic(c) Should Mercy-Killing be Legalized

for Terminally ill Patients?(d) The Culture of Modesty(e) "Eternal Vigilance is the Price of

Liberty".2. Read the passage carefully and write your

answers to the following questions in clear,correct and concise language:

5 15 = 75An educated man should know what is first-rate in those activities which spring fromthe creative and intellectual faculties ofhuman nature, such as literature, art,architecture and music. I should like to addscience and philosophy, but in these two

subjects it is difficult for any but the expertto estimate quality, and many educatedpeople have not the close knowledgenecessary to judge their real worth. On theother hand everyone has close and dailycontact with the other four. Architecturesurrounds him in every city, literature meetshim on every book-stall, music assails hisears on his radio set and from every juke-stall, music assails his ears on his radio setand from every joke-box; and art in itsprotean aspects of form and colour is a partof daily life. The architecture may often bebad, the literature and music often puerile,the art often undeserving of the name; butthat is all the more reason why we shouldbe able, in all of them, to distinguish goodfrom bad.

To judge by the literature offered us in hotelbook-stands, and by most of the musicplayed on the ratio and by juke boxes wemight be more discriminating in these fieldsthan we are. If it be said that music and artand literature are not essentials of life butits frills, I would replay that if so, it is curiousthat they are among the few immortalthings in the world, and that should a manwish to be remembered two thousand yearshence, the only certain way is to write agreat poem to book, compose a greatsymphony, paint a great picutre, carve agreat sculpture, or build a great building.(a) What is it that is necessary for an

educated person to know?(b) Why does the author exclude science

and philosophy from it?(c) What makes it practically easy for an

educated man to be able to knowliterature, art architecture and music?

(d) How does exposure to ordinaryliterature and music help us?

(e) What is the author's argument to prove




that music, art and literature areessentials of life?

3. Make a precis of the following passagekeeping the length within the limits of 230-240 words. It is not necessary to suggest atitle. Failure to write within the word limitmay result in deduction of marks. The precismust be written on the separate precissheets provided for the purpose that mustthen be securely fastened inside the answerbook.

75What part should reading play in our lives?It should certainly not be a substitute foraction, not for independent thinking, norfor conversation; but it may be a help andstimulant to action; thought and talk; andit is capable of providing almost infinitepleasure. There on our bookshelves or onsummons from a library are wit, wisdom,adventure, romance from all ages and fromall over the world. Is there any wonder thatour eyes sometimes stray wistfully to thebookshelves and away from a dull visitor,or that we shirk a tiresome duty for a anexciting book?

Books or people? Reading or conversation,listening in to a broadcast or watching atelevision programme? Which is the betterway to gain knowledge or to spend yourleisure? Some fortunate people seemalways to find time for both and to enjoyboth almost equally. My great friend, ArthurWanchope a fine soldier, and ableadministrator and a very gifted personalitywas a constant reader, yet always ready tolay aside a book for talk.

The advantages of reading over talk are, ofcourse, many. We can select the book thatsuits our mood, can go at our own pace,skip or turn back whereas we cannot turnover two pages of a tedious companion

orclose him or her, with a bang. But readingtoo has its own drawback. It lacks thehuman touch, the salf of life, and istherefore a dangerous substitute for thoughtor action. Bacon in one of his essaysobserves that reading maketh a full man;conference (that is talking) a ready man;and writing an exact man. One would liketo be full of knoweldge, ready in speechand exact by training. What short of bookshave impressed me and what books havefound a permanent place on mybookshelves?

To begin with my profession - soldiering. Ido not believe that soldiering, a practicalbusiness, in which human nature is the mainelement, can be learnt from text-books. Butfor those who have grasped the principlesof war and have understood that the humanfactor is the most important element in it.There is military reading that is quitefascinating and valuable. 'Real and re-readthe compaigns of the great commanders',said Napolean.I would venture to put it differently andwould say that the lives and characters ofthe great commanders are what studentsof war should examine, since theircampaigns are only incidents in them; andthat the behaviour of leaders and of theirmen in the field is the real subject for study.

In my general reading history, biographyand travel occupy a prominent place; andsince I have spent a considerable proportionof my life in the East there are a goodnumber of volumes on India and the MiddleEast. There is plenty of poetry on myshelves and a good deal of it is in my head.Poetry should dance in the mind, and blowone a kiss; or gallop to adventure with acheer; or whisper gently of things past; notshuffle or slouch past with dark



incomprehensible mutterings. Perhaps I amgetting old, anyway I prefer the old poets.

Lastly comes what is sometimes called'escapist' literature, the books we read withno other aim, than to rest or amuse themind; to forget the day's chores and themorrow's anixieties. This is perhaps themost pleasant form of reading for most, andI suspect the only form of reading for many.The volume chosen may either be a thrilleror soother - a thriller to bring sense ofadventure into the dull daily routine or asoother to rest tired nerves. Ourgrandfathers in their liesurely days werecontent with the stately, comfortable threevolume novel, but that had passed beforethe beginning of this century.You will choose your books as you chooseyour friends, with taste and discrimination;I hope; because they can tell you somethingof your profession and interests, becausethey are wise and helpful, because they canstir your blood with tales of adventure, orbecause they are gay and witty. I can onlywish you will get as much pleasure fromthem as I get from my books. (Words :703)

4. (a) Rewrite the following sentences aftermaking necessary correction of errors:(i) The Greeks were brave peoples.(ii) His hat was blown off by the strong

air.(iii) I am the one who am to blame.(iv) We should sympathise with blind.(v) I'd rather play cricket and not

swim.(vi) Walking through the front door a

wasp stung him.(vii) Two plus nine are eleven.

(viii) I have built the house in 1960.(ix) Their wedding has not been a very

happy one.(x) Choose only such freinds whom

you can trust.

(b) Rewrite the following sentences,inserting suitable articles wherenecessary : 5(i) What kind of ................. animals

is it?(ii) He will return in ........ hour.(iii) He is .............. richest man in our

street.(iv) Gold is not ................ useful

metal.(v) While there is ............... life there

is hope.

(c) From Verbs from the following Nouns.

5(i) Courage (ii) Memory

(iii) Prison (iv) Class (v) Friend

(d) Put the verbs in bracket in the correcttense and rewrite the following : 5India (have) many calendars whichIndians (use) since very early times.More than thirty (be) still in use. Onedifficulty about having so manycalendars (be) that the same data (fall)on different days according to each.

5. (a) Use each of the following words in twoseparate sentences, first as a Noun andthen as a Verb : 10(i) Bank (ii) Battle

(iii) Bite (iv) Brave(v) Brush

(b) Change the following sentences intotheir corresponding



(a) Negatives and(b) Questions :

(i) Ram resembles his father.(ii) Raju studies French.(iii) The bicycle costs Rs. 500.(iv) The thief broke the window

open.(v) My mother has beautiful

umbrella.(c) Use the following phrases / idioms

in sentences so as to bring out themeaning : 5

(i) The Lion's share(ii) Close daggers drawn(iii) At daggers drawn(iv) (To) die in harness(v) (To) eat one's words



1. Write an essay in about 300 words on anyone of the following : 100(a) The impact of liberal economy on

Indian Industry(b) Terrorist attacks on civilian population(c) Uses of mobile phones(d) Is dual cit izenship good for an

individual?(e) Global warming and the future of

mankind

2. Read the passage carefully and write youranswers to the questions that follow, inclear, correct and concise language.

15 5 = 75Winning the war against France had beena Herculean effort. The conventionalwisdom, then and later, attributed finalvictory to sea-power because, above all, itensured that Britain stayed in the ring. Theships of the Royal Navy had preventedinvasion; they had confined French powerto Europe and allowed Britain to occupynearly all the overseas possessions of heradversaries; they had guarded the convoyswhich sustained Wellington's army in thepeninsula; and they had guaranteed thesurvival of Britain's global commerce, whichgenerated the wealth needed to pay for herwar effort, and underwrite those of the threebig European powers with armies largeenough to engage Napoleon on equalterms.

There were many reasons for the navy'ssuccess. The determination, self-confidenceand professionalism of its officers and crewsowed much to traditions established in theprevious hundred years. Nelson wasoutstanding as a leader and tactician, butDuncan, Jervis and Collingwood alsodeserve high praise. All understood theircountry's predicament and how muchdepended on them, which was why,whenever the chance came for battle,theygrabbed at it, regardless of the odds. Inthe decisive battles of Cage St. Vincent,Comperdown, Abukir Bay and Trafalgar theBritish ftees were outnumbred but, trustingto supeiror seamanship gambling spirit paidoff. As Nelson famously observed, an officerwho laid his ship alongside the enemy couldnever be in the wrong.




Much depended on the individual navalofficer's instinctively correct response to anemergency, somethng which Nelsoncultivated among his subordinates to thepoint where they knew without being toldwhat he expected of them. This qualityfiltered downwards. During an engagementwith the French frigate Topaze ofGuadeloupe in January, 1809, CaptainWillian Maude of the Jason saw no need toinform the commander of his consort, theCleopatra, of his intentions. "I consideredit unneccessary to make any singnals tohim, and he most fully anticipated mywishes by bringing his ship to anchor onthe frigate's starboard bow and opening aheavy fire", Maude wrote afterwards. Theaction lasted forty minutes and was decidedby superior broadsides aimed against theFrench ship's hull.(a) How did the British navy defeat the

French navy?(b) What were the reasons for the British

navy's success?(c) How did the British navy win the battles

of Cape St. Vincent, Caperdown, etc.?(d) What did Nelson cultivate among his

subordinates?(e) What was the reason for Captain

William Maude's victory in January,1809?

3. Make a precis out of the following passagein about one-third of its original length. Itis not necessary to suggest a title. Failureto write within the word limit may result indeduction of marks. The precis must bewritten on the separate precis sheetsprovided for the purpose; they must besecurely fastened inside the answer-book :

75

Love of plya is the most obviousdistinguishing mark of young animals,whether human or otherwise. In humanchildren, this is accompanied by aninexhaustible pleasure in pretence. Play andpretnece are avital need of childhood, forwhich opportunity must be provided if thechild is to be happy and healthy, quiteindependently of any further utility in theseactivities. There are two questions whichconcern education in this connection : first,what should parents and schools do in theway of providing opportunity? and secondly,should they do anything more, with a viewto increasing the educational usefulness ofgames?

Let us begin with a few words about thepsychology of games. This has beenexhaustively treated by Groos. There aretwo separate questions in this matter : thefirst is as to the impulses which produceplay, the second is as to its biological utility.The second is the easier question. Thereseems no reason to doubt the most widelyaccepted theory, the activities which theywill perform in earnest later on. The playof pappies is exactly like a dog-fight, exceptthat they do not actually bite each other.The play of kittens resembles the behaviourof cats with mice. Children love to imitateany work they have been watching, suchas building or digging; the more importantthe work seems to them,the more they liketo play at it. And they enjoy anything thatgives them new musccular facilities, suchas jumping, climbing, or walking up anarrow plank - provided the task is not toodifficult. But although this accounts, in ageneral way, for the usefulness of the play-impulse, it does not by any means cover allits manifestations, and must not for amoment be regarded as giving a



psychological analysis.

Some psycholo-anlysts have tried to see asexual symbolism in children's play. This, Iam convinced, is utter moonshine. The maininstinctive urge of childhood is not sex, butthe desire to become adult, or, perhapsmore correctly, the will to power. The childis impressed by his own weakness incomparison with older people, and hewishes to become their equal. I remembermy boy's profound delight when he realisedthat he would one day be a man and that Ihad once been a child; one could see effortbeing stimulated by the realisation thatsuccess was possible. From a very earlyage, the child wishes to do what olderpeople do, as is shown by the because theirpurposes can be understood and theircapacities are not so far out of reach asthose of grown-up people. The feeling ofinteririty is very strong in children; whenthey are normal and rightly educated, it isastimulus to effort, but if they are repressedit may become a source of unhappiness.In play, we have two forms of the will topower : the form which consists in learningto do things, and the form which consistsin fantasy. Just as the balked adult mayindulge in day-dreams that have a sexualsignificance, so the normal child indulgesin pretences that have a power-significance.He likes to be a giant, or a lion, or a train;in his make-believe; he inspires terror. WhenI told my boy, the story of Jack the Giant-Killer, I tried to make him identify himselfwith Jack, but he firmly choose the giant.When his mother told him the story ofBluebeard, he insisted on being Bluebeard,and regarded the wife as justly punishedfor insubordination. In his play, there wasa sanguinary outbreak of cutting off ladies'heads. Sadism, Freduians would say; but

he enjoyed just as much being a giant whoate little boys; or an engine that could pulla heavy load. Power, not sex, was thecommon element in these pretences. Oneday, when we were returning from a walk,I told him, as an obvious joke, that perhapswe should find a certain Mr. Tiddliewinks inpossession of our house, and he mightrefuse to let us in. After that, for a longtime, he would stand on the porch beingMr. Tiddliewinks, and telling me to go toanother house. His delight in this game wasunbounded, and obviously the pretence ofpower was what he enjoyed.

4. (a) Rewrite the following sentences aftermaking necessary correction: 10(i) We reached at home at seven

o'clock.(ii) I am knowing him for many years.(iii) Vishal has watched this movie

yesterday.(iv) Where you have parked the car?(v) She will visit Chennai next month

isn't it?(vi) She knows when will Sushma

reach Kolktta.(vii) Mukta's teaching made his disciple

to think again.(viii) Neither Lakshmi and her father

have met the Director.(ix) I am seeing a man outside the

door.(x) If I were a Minister, I would have

appointed you the Principalof thisschool.

(b) Rewrite each one of the followingsentences inserting suitable articleswherever necessary : 5(i) She deliver ............... lecture on

Shakespeare on Friday.



(ii) Would you like ........... piece ofcake?

(iii) The University has decided toimpart ................. free edcuation.

(iv) Farida is ................ most talentedgirl in your office.

(v) Onkar was .............. first personto board the plane.

(c) Give antonyms of the fol lowingadjuectives :(i) Possible (ii) Complete

(iii) Able (iv) Regular(v) Relevant

(d) Change each one of the followingsentences into indirect speech :(i) Amrita said to me, "Why didn't you

attend my class?"(ii) My father said to me, "Wash your

clothes".(iii) Our teacher said, "The earth

revolves around the sun."(iv) Meera said, "The plane has

landed."(v) Our English teacher said to Mohan,

"Open the window".

5. (a) Change each one of the followingsentences, into their corresponding(1) Negatives and (2) Whqustions) 10(i) Rakhi has passed the M.A.

Examination.(ii) India played twenty matches last

year.(iii) Her father constructed this

building.(iv) This car runs on the CNG.(v) Kirti studies in this college.

(b) Change each of the following sentencesinto passive voice :(i) They will not open the shop on

Monday.(ii) Mukesh caught the thief at the

airport.(iii) Someone has stolen my pen.(iv) One cannot solve the problem.(v) Rajesh has opened the door.

(c) Make sentences using the followingwords as verbs : 5(i) rebel (ii) export

(iii) ring (iv) warm(v) experiment

(d) Use the following phrases / idioms inyour own sentences so as to bring cuttheir meaning :(i) to turn up(ii) to lose your grip(iii) to go to your head(iv) to carry out(v) to pull one's leg


Time Allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 300

1. Write an essay in about 300 words on anyone of the following : 100(a) Why are our farmers commiting

suicide?(b) Ragging : should it be distinguished

from brutality or criminality ?(c) "Sweet are the uses of adversity".(d) Reform of sports bodies in our country.




(e) Alternative sources of energy for ourcontry.

2. Read carefully the pasage below and writeyour answers to the questions that follow,in clear,correct and concise language:

5 15 = 75The altogether new thing in the world thenwas the scientific method of research, whichin that period of Galileo, Kepler, Descartes,Harvey and Francis Bacon as a advancingwith enormous strides. All walls, all thelimitations, all the certainties of the ages were in dissolution, tottering. In fact thisepoch, in which we are participating still,with continually opening vistas, can becompared in magnitude and promise onlyto that of the 8th to the 4th millenniumsB.C.: of the birth of civilization in the NearEast, when the inventions of foodproduction, grain agriculture and stockbreeding, realeased mankind from theprimitive condition of forgaing and so madepossible an establishment of soundlygrounded communities : first villages, thentowns, then cities, kingdoms, and empires.Leo Frobenius wrote of that age as theMonumental Age, and of the age nowdawning as the Global:

"In all previous ages, only restrictedportions of the surface of the earth wereknown. Men looked out from the narrowest,upon a somewhat larger neighbourhood,and beyond that, a great unknown. Theywere all, so to say, insular : bound in.Whereas our view is confined no longer toa spot of space on the surface of this earth.It surveys the whole of the planet. And thisfact, this lack of horizon,s is somethingnew".

It is chiefly to the scientific method ofresearch that this release of mankind is due

and every develped individual has beenfreed from the once protective but nowdissolved horizons of the local land, localmoral code, local modes of group thoughand sentiment. Not only in the sciences butin the every department of life the will andcouarage to credit one's own sense and tohonor one's own decision, to name one'sown vision of truth, have been thegenerative forces of the n

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