Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Special Qualities in Spring Barley
Waxy barley
High amylose barley
Hulless barley
Double recessives
(wax wax amo-1 amo-1)
Low phytate barley
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Special qualities in spring barley
Waxy barley
Freeze/thaw stability
(storage stability)
High -glucan content
• Starch production
• Healthy food
Hulless barley
Whole grain
Vitamins
Minerals
High digestibility
• Food and feed
High amylose barley
Low glycemic index
High -glucan content
Resistant starch
• Healthy food
• Feed – ”By pass starch”?
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Gene source Received from Origin
Waxy Compana Montana State Univ. Spontaneous
mutation
Waxy Hulless Compana ” ”
BZ 489-30 ” ”
Waxy Titan Norges Landbrukshøgskole ”
Waxy Oderbrucker ” ”
Azhul Arizona State Univ. Induced mutation
Yon-M-kei 286 Tochigi Agr. Exp. Station ”
Glacier AC 38 Bozeman, USA Spontaneous
mutation
Four lpa-mutants in
Harrington background
V. Raboy, USDA-ARS Idaho Induced mutations
Special qualities - gene sources
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Variety Yield T k w
(g)
H l w
(g)
Grading
>2,5 mm
Starch
(%)
Amylose
(%)
-glucan
(%)
Golf 7560
100
48.7 72.0 85 61.5 30.2 4.8
SW 1541 101 48.5 72.1 88 60.1 7.4 6.4
SW 1543* 99 47.0 72.2 87 58.6 6.2 6.3
SW 1546 97 46.5 70.5 82 59.0 5.3 5.9
SW 1785 99 53.8 71.8 91 58.2 6.2 6.1
SW 1786 94 51.3 69.9 89 56.7 7.1 5.6
SW 1777 104 48.9 71.8 85 58.2 5.1 6.4
SW 1778 97 47.6 71.5 79 57.4 3.7 6.3
SW 1782 101 48.5 72.5 82 57.7 5.8 6.3
SW 1783 104 52.0 72.6 90 57.1 7.1 6.4
= W. Compana
= W. Oderbrucker
= W. H. Compana
= W. Titan
Waxy trials, Landskrona 1995-96
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Variety Gene source BC Yield
(rel)
Strl
(cm)
Strst
(1-9)
Strbr
(1-9)
Variety mix Control 100 70 7 5
CINDY W Compana >5 100 70 4 2
CINNAMON Azhul 5 87 60 7 6
MAGDALENA W Compana >5 98 60 7 7
SW 18536 W Titan >5 96 65 5 3
SW 28646 W Titian >5 98 64 6 5
SW 59328 Azhul >5 103 65 6 6
SW 59495 H Compana >5 106 64 6 5
SW 68479 W Compana >5 99 68 7 6
SW 68530 Yon-M-kei 2 93 72 6 6
SW 78806 Azhul >5 90 59 8 7
SW 78812 W Titan >5 98 64 6 5
SW 78819 Azhul >5 95 62 7 7
SW 78827 Yon-M-kei 2 96 54 7 5
SW 78831 Azhul 2 91 65 7 6
SW 78840 W Titan >5 90 60 8 6
SW 78843 Azhul >5 89 63 6 6
SW 78848 Azhul >5 95 68 5 5
SW 78852 nn Azhul >5 83 68 6 5
SW 78855 Yon-M-kei 2 96 63 7 6
SW 78857 nn Yon-M-kei 2 87 63 8 7
Waxy trials, Sweden x 4 2008
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Variety Yield Tkw
(g)
Hlw
(g)
Grading
>2,5 mm
Amylose
(%)
Amylose*
(%)
-glucan
(%)
BOWA
variety mix
7630
100
50.8 73.1 96
SW 2998 72 52.5 71.4 96 35.8 5.8
SW 2999 75 53.5 71.3 89 33.4 6.2
SW 2904 91 53.3 70.8 98 35.1 38.9 6.7
SW 3000 79 51.5 71.3 96 33.4 5.8
SW 3002 75 52.0 71.6 96 32.9 5.9
SW 3003 79 51.8 71.7 94 33.6 6.3
”HiAmGl” 37.2 6.4
*Analysis from harvest 2001
High amylose barley, Landskrona 2003
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Variety Yield Tkw
(g)
Hlw
(g)
Grading
>2,5 mm
Yield Tkw
(g)
Hlw
(g)
Grading
>2,5 mm
BOWA
variety mix
8350
100
43.9 71.6 78 5250
100
51.7 68.2 95
SW 1290 81 44.9 80.8 84 69 46.4 76.9 90
SW 1291 84 41.2 84.2 66 73 46.7 78.2 90
SW 2900 82 45.4 82.9 74 71 51.9 76.9 91
SW 2680* 73 40.2 84.3 58 65 44.7 77.3 86
*Waxy
= 2001 = 2002
Hulless barley, Landskrona 2001-2002
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Line Gene source Yield
(rel)
Strl
(cm)
Strst
(1-9)
Strbr
(1-9)
Variety mix Control 100 65 4 4
GUSTAV Typical feed type 108 65 5 4
CINDY W Compana 93 75 4 3
MAGDALENA W Compana 96 65 7 6
SW 49368 Azhul / HiAmGl 78 60 7 8
SW 49427 Azhul / HiAmGl 79 65 6 6
Line Tkw
(g)
Hlw
(g)
Amylose
(% dm)
-glucan
(% i ts)
NIT-starch
(% dm)
Protein
Nx6,25
(%)
Variety mix 52.8 71.1 - - - -
GUSTAV 48.5 70.8 30.4 - - 11.3
CINDY 51.6 69.9 7.2 7.8 62.8 12.6
MAGDALENA 51.6 71.9 3.0 - - 13.2
SW 49368 45.1 68.5 6.0 8.8 53.7 16.0
SW 49427 46.5 67.1 10.4 8.3 54.5 14.8
Double recessives 2008
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
65-75 % of the total seed P is stored as phytic acid, most in the aleuron layer
Non-ruminants lack enzyme (phytase) –most of the seed P is not available
Environmental issues – water pollution
P is an finate resource and an expensive nutrient in feed
It is desirable to increase the amount of available P in feed and to decrease the use of inorganic supplement P, both from an environmental point of view as for economic reasons
Low phytate barley
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
lpa-mutants with 50-90 % less phytate
Seed total P levels are not substantially altered in the mutants
Yield reductions observed (up to 50 % in US and DK)
Higher levels of available P in the feed, better P uptake in non-ruminants
Significant reduction of P in the manure (55 % reduction in feed trials with pigs, Veum et al., 2002)
Low phytate barley
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Line
(M 635)
Phytate
% ts
8165-1 0,7
8165-2 1,9
8165-3 2,1
8165-4 0,9
8165-5 0,9
8165-6 2,1
8165-7 0,9
8165-8 2,0
8165-9 1,0
8165-10 0,8
Barke 2,1
The phytate content has
been reduced to a third in
SW M 635-crosses
Low phytate barley
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Line Yield
(rel.)
Strl
(cm)
Strst
(1-9)
Strbr
(1-9)
Tkw
(g)
HlW
(g)
Inorg. P
2008
Phytic
acidVariety mix 100 65 4 4 52.8 71.1 - -GUSTAV 108 65 5 4 48.5 70.8 < 0.1 1.2SW 8165-9 91 65 6 6 49.9 70.4 1.4 0.3SW 26166-05 82 60 6 6 46.9 67.5 1.6 0.4SW 26814-05 98 60 6 6 49.9 68.5 1.6 0.3
Low phytate barley 2008
Therese Christerson, SW Seed
Type Status 2009 Market varieties
Hulless, normal starch One listed variety SW Godiva (2002)
Waxy (covered),
ca 5 % amylose
Two listed varieties Cindy (1999)
Magdalena (2004)
Hulless waxy,
ca 5 % amylose
One listed variety SW Cinnober (2002)
Waxy (covered), ”zero
amylose”
One listed variety Cinnamon (2007)
Hulless waxy, ”zero
amylose”
Several advanced
lines in own trials
High amylose (covered) One listed variety Karmosé (2004)
Double recessives
Low phytate barley Several advanced
lines in own trials
Special qualities, status 2009
Therese Christerson, SW Seed