Domain Names Domain Names & &

Web HostingWeb HostingBy: SZ QuadriBy: SZ Quadri

CEO,CEO,

ZaidsoftZaidsoftwww.zaidsoft.comwww.zaidsoft.cominfo@zaidsoft.cominfo@zaidsoft.com

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Launching the web siteLaunching the web siteQuestionQuestion Related ToRelated To

What name people What name people will use to access my will use to access my site? E.g., site? E.g., mySite.commySite.com

Domain NameDomain Name

Where my Web site Where my Web site contents will reside contents will reside (to be served to the (to be served to the user’s browser)?user’s browser)?

Web HostingWeb Hosting

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Browser & ServerBrowser & Server

From Browser -------From Browser ------- Get me yahoo.com home page (Request) Get me yahoo.com home page (Request) From Server From Server --------- Here is index.html (Response)--------- Here is index.html (Response)

Request Internet Infrastructure

Web Browser Server

Response

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Domain NameDomain Name Domain Name: The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Name: The unique name that identifies an Internet site.

Domain Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. Domain Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. Example: yahoo.com or yahoo.co.inExample: yahoo.com or yahoo.co.in

The part on the left is the most specific, and the part on the right The part on the left is the most specific, and the part on the right is the most general.is the most general.

Many machines can be pointed using the same domain name by Many machines can be pointed using the same domain name by qualifying the domain name with host name like qualifying the domain name with host name like www.ibm.comwww.ibm.com and mail.ibm.comand mail.ibm.com

Internet Protocol does not know about the domain names. Internet Protocol does not know about the domain names. The server which translates name into IP address is called The server which translates name into IP address is called

“Domain name server” or “Name server”.“Domain name server” or “Name server”. For every domain name you need at least 2 name servers.For every domain name you need at least 2 name servers. Name servers also have names like ns1.zaidsoft.net and Name servers also have names like ns1.zaidsoft.net and

ns2.zaidsoft.netns2.zaidsoft.net

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Domain Life CycleDomain Life Cycle

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Domain To IPDomain To IP Mapping domain names to IP Mapping domain names to IP

addressesaddresses

The mapping of names to The mapping of names to addresses consists of addresses consists of independent, cooperativeindependent, cooperative

systems called name servers.systems called name servers.

A name server is a server A name server is a server program that holds a master program that holds a master or a copy of a name-to-or a copy of a name-to-address mapping database, or address mapping database, or otherwise.otherwise.

points to a server that does, points to a server that does, and that answers requests and that answers requests from the client software, from the client software, called a name resolver.called a name resolver.

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Domain WhoisDomain Whois Records that show “who is” Records that show “who is”

responsible for various aspects of responsible for various aspects of a particular domain name. This a particular domain name. This includes various contact details includes various contact details such as Registrant (owner), such as Registrant (owner), Admin, Billing.Admin, Billing.

Registrant is considered legal Registrant is considered legal owner of the domain name.owner of the domain name.

Domain management password Domain management password can be used to do almost can be used to do almost everything related to a domain everything related to a domain name including changing the name including changing the ownership of the domain name.ownership of the domain name.

Example whois Record:Example whois Record:

Domain Name: ZAIDSOFT.NETDomain Name: ZAIDSOFT.NETRegistrant: Registrant:

ZAIDSOFT ZAIDSOFT SZ Quadri (*****@zaidsoft.com) SZ Quadri (*****@zaidsoft.com) Civil Lines Civil Lines Allahabad UP, 211001 IN Tel. Allahabad UP, 211001 IN Tel. +91.5322607076 +91.5322607076

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Domain Name and Trade MarkDomain Name and Trade Mark A domain name, apart from being your worldwide A domain name, apart from being your worldwide

address, is your own unique identity on the web.address, is your own unique identity on the web. The Bombay High Court has held that the Internet The Bombay High Court has held that the Internet

domain names are of importance and are a domain names are of importance and are a valuable corporate asset. (As in the case of Rediff valuable corporate asset. (As in the case of Rediff Communication Limited Vs Cyberbooth)Communication Limited Vs Cyberbooth)

One should protect our trade mark (name) online One should protect our trade mark (name) online by registering domain name(s) representing the by registering domain name(s) representing the trade name.trade name.

Business.com was sold for roughly US$ 7 million.Business.com was sold for roughly US$ 7 million.

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The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute

Resolution Policy (UDRP)Resolution Policy (UDRP)

The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute Resolution Policy The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) has been adopted by ICANN-accredited registrars in (UDRP) has been adopted by ICANN-accredited registrars in all gTLDs all gTLDs (.aero, .biz, .com, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .net, .org, .(.aero, .biz, .com, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .net, .org, .pro). Dispute proceedings arising from alleged abusive pro). Dispute proceedings arising from alleged abusive registrations of domain names (for example, registrations of domain names (for example, cybersquatting) may be initiated by a holder of trademark cybersquatting) may be initiated by a holder of trademark rights.rights.

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InternetInternet The network of networks.The network of networks.

The Internet is marvelously robust, with The Internet is marvelously robust, with thousands of independent networks thousands of independent networks operating together to move traffic around operating together to move traffic around the globe.the globe.

Works on well defined protocols.Works on well defined protocols.

TCP/IP is the primary protocol set.TCP/IP is the primary protocol set.

IP stands for Internet Protocol.IP stands for Internet Protocol.

IP defines how data can travel from one IP defines how data can travel from one machine to another in the form of a packet.machine to another in the form of a packet.

Every machine has unique IP Address.Every machine has unique IP Address.

An IP address is the numerical address of a An IP address is the numerical address of a computer on the Internet. Each IP address computer on the Internet. Each IP address consists of four numbers separated by consists of four numbers separated by periods.periods.

Examples of IP addresses are: Examples of IP addresses are: 192.168.0.222192.168.0.222

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IP PacketIP Packet

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IP AddressIP Address

ICANNICANNThe Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

(ICANN) is the nonprofit organization that was formed to (ICANN) is the nonprofit organization that was formed to assume responsibility for the IP address space allocation, assume responsibility for the IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name and root protocol parameter assignment, domain name and root server management functions.server management functions.

ICANN suggest ISPs should consider the following order of ICANN suggest ISPs should consider the following order of priority when seeking IP addresses:priority when seeking IP addresses:

1) Request IP address from upstream provider.1) Request IP address from upstream provider. 2) Request IP address from provider's provider.2) Request IP address from provider's provider. 3) Request IP address from ARIN or your RIR. 3) Request IP address from ARIN or your RIR.

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Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)

The Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) are responsible for The Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) are responsible for allocating and assigning IP addresses to ISPs, organizations allocating and assigning IP addresses to ISPs, organizations and end users in their designated geographical regions. and end users in their designated geographical regions.

There are five RIRs - each serving specific geographical There are five RIRs - each serving specific geographical areas worldwide. These include APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, RIPE areas worldwide. These include APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, RIPE NCC and AFRINIC. NCC and AFRINIC.

APNICAPNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) is Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) is

responsible for IP distribution in the Asia and Pacific region.responsible for IP distribution in the Asia and Pacific region. It is a not-for-profit, membership-based organization whose It is a not-for-profit, membership-based organization whose

members include Internet Service Providers, National members include Internet Service Providers, National Internet Registries, and similar organizations.Internet Registries, and similar organizations.

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Web hosting optionsWeb hosting options

You can host your webYou can host your website in 3 ways :site in 3 ways :

1. 1. Virtual HostingVirtual Hosting

2. 2. Virtual Dedicated Virtual Dedicated HostingHosting

3. 3. Dedicated Server Dedicated Server HostingHosting

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Virtual HostingVirtual Hosting

Share or Virtual Web Hosting is a solution that Share or Virtual Web Hosting is a solution that allows a you to rent part of a web server to store allows a you to rent part of a web server to store your website's data, rather than pay for an entire your website's data, rather than pay for an entire dedicated server with more space and power dedicated server with more space and power than you need. With share web hosting basically than you need. With share web hosting basically you are sharing same server and IP address you are sharing same server and IP address (not domain name) with other web site. Share (not domain name) with other web site. Share web hosting is much cheaper as compare to web hosting is much cheaper as compare to dedicated servers.dedicated servers.

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Advantages of Virtual HostingAdvantages of Virtual Hosting

Allows a user to share server cost with Allows a user to share server cost with other users i.e. it is affordable.other users i.e. it is affordable.

Fulfills the requirements of small sites.Fulfills the requirements of small sites. Complete control over your own Complete control over your own

applications.applications. Allows the server administrator to Allows the server administrator to

maximize his resource usage by resource-maximize his resource usage by resource-sharing among the websites.sharing among the websites.

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Disadvantages of Virtual HostingDisadvantages of Virtual Hosting

Users get limited rights on the server.Users get limited rights on the server. Users have restrictions on the server Users have restrictions on the server

resource usage .resource usage .

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Dedicated HostingDedicated Hosting

In dedicated hosting a In dedicated hosting a complete server is complete server is owned by one owner. owned by one owner. As an owner of the As an owner of the dedicated server, he dedicated server, he has full control of has full control of every aspect of the every aspect of the hardware and hardware and software. software.

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Advantages of Dedicated HostingAdvantages of Dedicated Hosting

Full control in the hands of user .Full control in the hands of user . Performance is greatly enhanced.Performance is greatly enhanced. Security is greatly enhanced.Security is greatly enhanced. Provides enhanced scalability.Provides enhanced scalability. Complete flexibility over the choice Complete flexibility over the choice

of software and hardware .of software and hardware .

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Disadvantages of Dedicated Disadvantages of Dedicated HostingHosting

Quite expensive and unaffordable for Quite expensive and unaffordable for normal users.normal users.

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Virtual Dedicated HostingVirtual Dedicated Hosting

It is more than a shared server and less It is more than a shared server and less than a dedicated server. than a dedicated server.

A VPS simply put is, a server that runs A VPS simply put is, a server that runs inside another server. inside another server.

Each VPS looks, feels, and acts like a Each VPS looks, feels, and acts like a dedicated server but shares the same dedicated server but shares the same hardware. hardware.

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Advantage of VDHAdvantage of VDH

Allows users to have dedicated Allows users to have dedicated hosting environment at the cost of hosting environment at the cost of Shared Hosting.Shared Hosting.

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Difference Put TogetherDifference Put Together

Data CentersData Centers

Data centers provide secure facilities Data centers provide secure facilities for housing telecommunications and for housing telecommunications and computer equipment. Offering computer equipment. Offering safety, security, access and a safety, security, access and a suitable environment, data centers suitable environment, data centers typically accommodate thousands of typically accommodate thousands of servers. servers.

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Can I host my own ServerCan I host my own Server ??TheoreticallyTheoretically

YESYES

but but PracticallyPractically

NO NO

FTPFTP

File Transfer ProtocolFile Transfer Protocol

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FTP: Uploading your web siteFTP: Uploading your web site

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol and is FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol and is used to transfer files between machines.used to transfer files between machines.

FTP is generally used to upload the web site FTP is generally used to upload the web site on remote server.on remote server.

It allows you to do most of file related It allows you to do most of file related operations operations

Rich GUI based FTP clients are easily Rich GUI based FTP clients are easily availableavailable

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File Transfer ProtocolFile Transfer Protocol

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Using FTPUsing FTPTo use the FTP weTo use the FTP weneed the followingneed the followinginformation:information:

• FTP Server Name/IP FTP Server Name/IP (This Is generally your domain name)(This Is generally your domain name)

• UsernameUsername(This may also be your domain name)(This may also be your domain name)

• PasswordPassword(Hosting company provided password)(Hosting company provided password)

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The Search EnginesThe Search Engines Search Engines such as Google index Search Engines such as Google index

large number of sites by key words large number of sites by key words and provide users an easy way of and provide users an easy way of finding desired information/site. finding desired information/site.

Most popular search engines are Most popular search engines are crawlers; i.e., they crawl the web crawlers; i.e., they crawl the web automatically.automatically.

Most important search engines will Most important search engines will find your site automatically after a find your site automatically after a certain time.certain time.

You may also submit your site to You may also submit your site to assist the search engine in indexing assist the search engine in indexing your site. your site. The URL for google The URL for google is:is:

http://www.google.com/intl/en/addurl.htmlhttp://www.google.com/intl/en/addurl.html

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Search Engine TipsSearch Engine Tips

Keywords to be placed at most Keywords to be placed at most crucial locations , for e.g. in Title.crucial locations , for e.g. in Title.

Page to have visible text content Page to have visible text content rather than only images.rather than only images.

Avoid the use of Frames.Avoid the use of Frames. Prefer Static pages rather than the Prefer Static pages rather than the

dynamic ones.dynamic ones.

Thank YouThank You

Contact Information:Contact Information:

ZaidsoftZaidsoft Visit us at: Visit us at: http://zaidsoft.comhttp://zaidsoft.com and and http://zaidsoft.nethttp://zaidsoft.net

11B/9, Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Allahabad.11B/9, Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Allahabad.Ph: 532-2607076 E-mail: info@zaidsoft.comPh: 532-2607076 E-mail: info@zaidsoft.com