Table S1 The modified Mediterranean diet score questionnaire

Question Goal

1. Do you use olive oil, sesame oil, or perilla oil as the principal source of fat for cooking? Yes

2. How much olive oil, sesame oil, or perilla oil do you consume per day? ≥4 tablespoons

3. How many servings of vegetables do you consume per day? (1 serving = 200 g) ≥2 servings

4. How many servings of fresh fruits do you consume per day? (1 serving = 80 g) ≥3 servings

5. How many servings of red meat, hamburger, or meat products (ham, sausage, etc.) do you consume per day? (1 serving = 100–150 g)

<1 serving

6. How many servings of butter, margarine, or cream do you consume per day? (1 serving = 12 g) <1 serving

7. How many sugar-sweetened beverages do you drink per day? (1 cup = 100 mL) <1 drink

8. How many servings of legumes do you consume per week? (1 serving = 150 g) ≥3 servings

9. How many servings of fish or shellfish do you consume per week? (1 serving = 100–150 g) ≥3 servings

10. How many times per week do you consume commercial sweets or pastries (cake, cookies)? <3 times

11. How many servings of nuts do you consume per week? (1 serving = 30 g) ≥3 servings

12. Do you prefer to eat white meat (chicken, turkey, etc.) instead of red meat? Yes

13. How many times per week do you consume sauce made with tomato, onion, garlic, or olive oil for cooking?

≥2 times

Table S2 Comparison of changes in nutrient intake and physical activity among study groups

Breast cancer survivors Non-cancer patients

P

valuea

P

valuebMeDiet+NB MeDiet only MeDiet+NB

(n = 14) (n = 20) (n = 22)

Total Calorie (kcal) -313.3 (-623.8, 33.8)* -298.6 (-553.7, 246.0) -216.2 (-913.3, 120.0)* 0.747 0.948

Carbohydrate (%) -2.0 (-17.3, 14.6) -4.0 (-11.0, 19.0) 3.9 (-10.1, 16.4) 0.786 0.744

Protein (%) 2.4 (-4.8, 6.4) -0.1 (-2.8, 3.2) 0.4 (-3.0, 4.5) 0.734 0.889

Total fat (%) 1.2 (-7.8, 12.7) 5.1 (-10.3, 10.0) -2.4 (-10.0, 7.8) 0.827 0.745

SFA (%) -1.0 (-3.5, 4.2) 1.4 (-2.6, 4.6) -0.4 (-3.1, 2.6) 0.759 0.765

MUFA (%) 1.4 (-3.2, 4.1) 1.7 (-3.5, 6.3) 1.8 (-4.0, 3.9) 0.927 0.854

PUFA (%) 3.6 (-3.6, 10.1) -2.1 (-6.2, 4.0) 0.1 (-1.8, 8.6) 0.172 0.060

n-3 PUFA (%) 0.21 (-0.27, 1.77) -0.08 (-0.78, 0.40) 0.31 (-0.06, 0.95) 0.243 0.091

n-6 PUFA (%) 2.80 (-1.12, 4.78) -0.67 (-3.02, 2.22) 0.92 (-0.96, 3.83) 0.106 0.044

MUFA/SFA ratio 0.19 (-0.28, 0.71) 0.00 (-0.25, 0.28) 0.22 (-0.08, 0.64) 0.507 0.277

PUFA/SFA ratio 0.43 (-1.04, 1.30) -0.42 (-1.28, 0.36) 0.19 (-0.62, 1.35) 0.300 0.140

Dietary fiber

(g/1,000 kcal)5.7 (-1.2, 13.1)* 0.6 (-2.9, 6.6) 5.3 (1.5, 11.7)* 0.248 0.096

Mediterranean diet

score2.0 (1.0, 4.0)* 3.0 (2.0, 4.0)* 3.0 (1.0, 4.3)* 0.514 0.808

GLTEQ score 4.1 (-0.4, 31.3)* 8.3 (3.3, 20.8)* 1.8 (-1.3, 4.9) 0.071 0.133

Data are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges). aDifferences among groups were calculated by Quade's rank

analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. bDifferences among MeDiet+NB and MeDiet-only groups

were calculated by Quade's rank analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. *P value <0.05 vs. baseline

values by Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Abbreviations: MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated

fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; GLTEQ, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.

Table S3 Comparison of changes in quality of life assessed by self-reported questionnaires

among study groups

Breast cancer survivors Non-cancer patients

P

valuea

P

valuebMeDiet+NB MeDiet only MeDiet+NB

(n = 14) (n = 20) (n = 22)

EORTC QLQ-C30

QL 16.7 (0.0, 33.3)* 16.7 (0.0, 33.3)* 8.3 (-2.1, 27.1)* 0.588 0.638

PF 10.0 (0.0, 15.0)* 0.0 (0.0, 6.7)* 6.7 (0.0, 13.3)* 0.337 0.306

RF 0.0 (0.0, 16.7) 0.0 (0.0, 16.7) 0.0 (0.0, 4.2) 0.749 0.446

EF 8.3 (-8.3, 25.0) 8.3 (0.0, 16.7) 4.2 (0.0, 20.8)* 0.826 0.596

CF 0.0 (0.0, 16.7) 0.0 (0.0, 16.7)* 16.7 (0.0, 16.7)* 0.673 0.688

SF 0.0 (0.0, 4.2) 0.0 (0.0, 16.7)* 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) 0.139 0.093

OP scale -4.2 (-17.7, 0.0) 0.0 (-20.8, 20.8) -12.5 (-35.4, 2.1)* 0.154 0.072

FACIT-F 2.0 (0.8, 5.7)* 1.5 (-2.8, 3.8) 2.0 (-0.3, 12.3)* 0.432 0.193

Data are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges). aDifferences among three groups were calculated by Quade's

rank analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. bDifferences among MeDiet+NB and MeDiet-only

groups were calculated by Quade's rank analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. *P value <0.05 vs.

baseline values by Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Abbreviations: GLTEQ, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise

Questionnaire; EORTC QLQ-C30, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life

questionnaire; QL, global health status; PF, physical functioning; RF, role functioning; EF, emotional functioning;

CF, cognitive functioning; SF, social functioning; OP, obesity-related problems; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of

Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue.

Figure S1 Screenshots of the mobile messenger used to communicate with participants during the study.

Notes: A: This is my dinner menu. Half a bowl of multigrain rice, grilled mackerel, cucumbers, and sweet

potato stalks. My Mediterranean diet score was 7! (Photo)B: This was my yesterday dinner menu. My

Mediterranean diet score was 7. (Photo)C: I upload my dinner photos and scores the next day. For

yesterday dinner, I ate a banana and a 5cm square piece of rice cake. My score was 10! The photos are

breakfast and lunch today.D: (Photo) I ate half a piece of grilled fish and steamed egg! My Mediterranean

diet score was 6.E: (Photo) My Mediterranean diet score is 7.