Douglas-fir breeding in Germany Partner N 6, 7 and 8
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Folie 1 Slide 2 Staatsbetrieb
Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 2 Department:
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Introduction history of
Douglas-fir to Germany 1831: Introduction to Germany by John R.
Booth (owner of a tree nursery in Klein-Flottbeck near Hamburg)
1880 - 1985: First cultivation under forest conditions (supported
a. o. by Bismarck) Failure and success Needle cast Frost Growth
Slide 3 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris
Krabel 3 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding
Establishment of provenance trials Testing original provenances
1910 Douglas provenance trial 1932/33 Douglas Fir provenance trial
1958 International Douglas Fir provenance trial 1970 International
IUFRO-Douglas Fir provenance trial (I./II phase) Testing introduced
material mainly of unknown origin 1984 East-German provenance trial
1988 Hesse provenance trial 2006 German provenance trial Slide 4
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 4
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Distribution of
Douglas-fir in Germany Species of minor importance No distribution
map available Total forest area of Germany: 11,075.799 ha = 31 % of
land area (BWI 2004) Douglas-fir area: 179.607 ha = 1,7 % of forest
area (BWI) >Range from 46.271 ha in Rhineland-Palatinate (5,7 %)
to 756 ha in Saxony (0,2 %) >Main growing areas (> 2 %):
Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden- Wuerttemberg, Hesse, Lower Saxony and
Schleswig-Holstein >Major reforestation areas:
Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden- Wuerttemberg, Hesse Slide 5
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 5
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Major use of
Douglas-fir Volume production/year: 660,000 m (1987-2002) Major
uses Veneer- and plywood industry Constructional wood suitable for
medium up to heavy demand, Wall covering, parquet Shipbuilding
Lumber for roof truss Wood pulp industry Slide 6 Staatsbetrieb
Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 6 Department:
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Procurement of Douglas-fir FRM
Douglas fir under the German Act of Forest Reproductive Material
(FoVG from 22.05.2005) SelectedQualifiedTested NhaN Seed stands
2,2933,000---18 Seed orchards --- 91 Parent of families --- 3 Slide
7 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel
7 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Procurement of
Douglas-fir FRM Data on seed procurement presented by H.-M. Rau
Quality control of FRM according to FoVG Weight, purity, moisture
content, germination capacity and viability No genetic control of
seeds Availability 2,300 seed stands (3000 ha = 1.7%): mean area of
1.3 ha Regional differences regarding number of stands and seed
harvest In most cases, unknown origin of older stands Slide 8
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 8
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding In-situ conservation
Preservation measureuntil 20042005 -2007 In-situ-stands (N)29072
In-situ-stands (area in ha)372,9135,2 In-situ-single trees (N)5114
Delineation not in every state No coherent criteria Slide 9
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 9
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Ex-situ conservation
Activities not in every state Especially in states with breeding
institutions Preservation measureuntil 20042005 -2007
Ex-situ-stands (N)1081 Ex-situ-stands (area in ha)172.33.1 Seed
orchards (N)121 Seed orchards (area in ha)34.23.1 Seed orchards
fam./clone61370 Slide 10 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino
Wolf & Doris Krabel 10 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree
Breeding Selection of provenances descending from seed sources
originating from natural distribution area Selection of provenances
descending from seed stands established in Germany Selection of
intra-specific progenies descending from controlled crosses between
and among the varieties Current breeding programmes Slide 11
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 11
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Regions with
comparable site conditions (geology, soil, climate, altitude)
called Provenance area Recommendations related to the use of
Douglas-fir forest reproductive material based on Provenance areas
Breeding zones defined for Douglas-fir Slide 12 Staatsbetrieb
Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 12 Department:
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Slide 13 Staatsbetrieb
Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 13 Department:
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Around 2.300 stands in the
category selected Regional distribution quite inhomogenous Stands
mainly pure, homogenous and even-aged Hybrid-breeding populations
About 850 clones of coastal and interior variety 104
full-sib-F1-families 3 full-sib-F2-families Breeding populations
Slide 14 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris
Krabel 14 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Provenance
which contribute the most to the Douglas-fir breeding population
Coastal variety in regions with climate influenced by the Atlantic
Interior variety in regions with climate influenced by the
continent Slide 15 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf
& Doris Krabel 15 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding
Phenotypic selection of single trees/ populations: Establishment of
seed orchards, basic material for crossings Genotypic selection of
populations/ seed orchard progenies according to the results of
field- and laboratory-experiments Breeding methodology and strategy
Slide 16 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris
Krabel 16 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Controlled
crossing of single trees Genotypic selection of progenies according
to the results of field- and laboratory-experiments Establishment
of clone-lines by development of in- vitro-propagation techniques
based on selected and approved reproductive material Breeding
methodology and strategy Slide 17 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst
Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 17 Department: Forest
Genetics and Tree Breeding Establishment of clone-lines Slide 18
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 18
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding At minimum 2 trial
sites Number of plants: 16-49/plot and 3-4 replications per
population/progeny Minimum period for evaluation: 15 years
Assessment of survival, height, diameter, volume, damages (frost,
drought), pest and diseases, stem form, branchiness in the field
Frost resistance, drought tolerance in the lab Allozyme based
inventory of seed stands Evaluation strategy Slide 19 Staatsbetrieb
Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 19 Department:
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Most investigated tree species in
Germany For most states recommendations for the use Douglas-fir
provenances do exist Limited number of seed stands, seed orchards,
F1- progenies is already tested and some basic material is already
approved for the procurement of FRM, category tested Still lack of
knowledge regarding the origin of local artificial populations
Major results Slide 20 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino
Wolf & Doris Krabel 20 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree
Breeding Coastal variety: high yield, different quality traits, low
resistance against frost and Phaeocryptopus needle cast, high
resistance against Rhabdocline needle cast Interior variety: low
yield, different quality traits, high resistance against frost and
Phaaeocryptopus needle cast, low resistance against Rhabdocline
needle cast Big variation at provenance level within the variety
Hybrids: in several progenies high yield and frost resistance could
be combined together with average branchiness and needle cast
resistance Results on genetic variability studies Slide 21
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 21
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Trial plot
Kirchschneise: Height in the age 17 a Slide 22 Staatsbetrieb
Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 22 Department:
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Achieved or expected gains
depending on reference > Standard > Average > Worst case
Achieved gain > Height growth 130 % to 200 % > Diameter 145 %
to 250 % > Volume 180 % to 300 % (120 m/ha 366 m/ha)
Expected/achieved gains Slide 23 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author:
Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 23 Department: Forest Genetics and
Tree Breeding Significant failures Increase of needle cast
infections also in selected material due to increasing infestation
pressure Failure of plantation due to frost (early, winter)
Unsufficient growth and quality of plantations Slide 24
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 24
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Deployment strategy
Recommendations for the use of Douglas-fir FRM based on scientific
results by the states Recommendations obligatory for public owned
forest administrations and companies Recommendations only
obligatory for private owned forest companies and private forest
owners if tax payers money is involved by subsidies Slide 25
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 25
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Plans for the next
years Assessment of genetic structures of Douglas-fir basic
material to get information on Variety Composition of the mixture
Approval of basic material Evaluation of approval and control
system for FRM in the USA Evaluation of status and condition of
IUFRO/EU- stands Slide 26 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino
Wolf & Doris Krabel 26 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree
Breeding Introduction of FRM: Example Alder Lake (IUFRO-provenance
1081) Slide 27 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf &
Doris Krabel 27 Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Plans
for the next years Establishment of new seed orchards Approval of
populations in the category tested Development of clonal FRM based
on in-vitro- propagation And the prospects??? Slide 28
Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 28
Department: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Norway spruce Change
of vitality 1971 - 2000 2091 - 2100 Slide 29 Staatsbetrieb
Sachsenforst Author: Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 29 Department:
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Climate change Role of
Douglas-fir More applied research on provenance variation Taking
regions of provenances into consideration which are not considered
at present Prospects Slide 30 Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst Author:
Heino Wolf & Doris Krabel 30 Department: Forest Genetics and
Tree Breeding Thank you very much
