DotNet Introduction

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DOTNET FRAMEWORK

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Introduction to .NET

.NET technology was introduced by Microsoft.

.NET is not an operating system

.NET is not a programming language.

.NET is a framework.

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Introduction to .NET(Contd…)

Dot Net Framework is a Programming model of the .NET environment for building, deploying, and running Web-based applications, smart client applications, and XML Web services.

A set of technologies for developing and using components to create: Web Forms Web Services

Windows Applications

The .NET Framework includes the common language runtime and class libraries.

.NET provides a common set of class libraries, which can be accessed from any .NET based programming language.

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It is a new, easy, and extensive programming platform.

It is not a programming language, but it supports several programming languages.

By default .NET comes with few programming languages including C# (CSharp), VB.NET, J# and managed C++.

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Following are the core features of Dot Net Framework

Simplified Programming Model Simplified Deployment Programming Language Integration Garbage Collection Consistent Error Handling

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Platform IndependencyLanguage IndependencyLanguage InteroperabilitySecurityFor Windows Applications- net framework supports “Code access security and “role Based security”

For web and mobile applications- Security can be achieved using Configuration files like machine.config and web.config.

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Application Architecture

1. Single Tier Architecture2. Two Tier Architecture3. Three Tier Architecture

Single Tier Architecture:The one-tier, or single-tier, architecture is a system in which the database, application, and presentation services (the user interface) all reside on one system. .

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Application Architecture (Contd…)

Two Tier Architecture:- A two tier system consists of a client and a

server.

- A two-tier application is one in which the presentation services and the database reside on different systems.

- The presentation services (user interface) layer usually includes application logic.

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Two Tier Architecture

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Three Tier Architecture:

The third tier(Middle tier) is between the user interface(client) and the data management(server).

This middle tier provides process management where business logic and rules are executed.

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Three Tier Architecture

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Three Tier Architecture

Tier 1: the client contains the presentation logic, including simple control and user input validation. This application is also known as a thin client.

Tier 2: the middle tier is also known as the application server, which provides the business processes logic and the data access.

Tier 3: the data server provides the business data.

These are some of the advantages of a three-tier architecture:

It is easier to modify or replace any tier without affecting the other tiers.

Separating the application and database functionality means better load balancing.

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Basically,in three tier architecture 3 layers are used to create a projects.

1. UI Layer- UI which includes pages,user controls,CSS,Java

Scripts.

2. Business Layer- All business rules performed here.

3. Data Access Layer

- All data access code like connecting to database and getting the details are done here.

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Three Layers

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Versions of .NET

.NET Framework Visual Studio

.NET Framework 1.0 Visual Studio 2002





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VS.NET is just an editor, provided by Microsoft to help developers write .NET programs easily .

VS.NET editor automatically generates lot of code, allows developers to drag and drop controls to a form, provide short cuts to compile and build the application etc.

VS.NET has several child windows to assist you in the application development.

These windows are attached on the left, bottom and right sides of the main window.

VS.NET(Visual Studio.NET)

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VS.NET(Visual Studio.NET) (Contd…)

Some of the most commonly used child windows are explained below. Most of these windows will be enabled only when you have created a project and working on a WebForm/WinForm.

Tool Box•Toolbox provides all the drag and drop controls for your

application.

• Depending on the kind of application you are working on, the toolbox will show appropriate controls.

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Tool Box

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Source(HTML) & Design Mode• If you are developing a web application, you can switch

between design mode and HTML mode for any web form.

•When you are in HTML mode, it will show you the HTML tags and ASP.NET code and you can manually edit it.

•You can switch to the Design mode by clicking the Design button on BOTTOM LEFT corner of VS.NET.

• In design mode, you can see how your ASP.NET page is going to look like when some one view your web page. Also, you can drag and drop controls from the toolbox, which will automatically generate the HTML for it.

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Source(HTML) & Design Mode

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Solution Explorer Window•Solution Explorer, located on TOP RIGHT corner of VS.NET,

displays your solution, all projects included in each solution and the list of files in each project. They are listed in the form of a tree control.

Output Window•Output window, located on BOTTOM LEFT corner of VS.NET,

displays the result of your project compilation. When you compile your project, all errors, warnings and compilation results will be displayed in this window.

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Solution Explorer Window

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Task List Window• It shows individual tasks. Typically, when you compile your

project, all errors and warnings will be added to your task list. You can double click on any item in the task list to go directly to the code associated with the task.

Properties Window• It displays the different types of property for each and every

control. The common property for all controls are Font, Color, Forecolor

and so on.

Code behind window- Code-behind model, which places this code in a separate file or in a

specially designated script tag. - Code-behind files typically have names like Firstpage.aspx.cs or

Firstpage.aspx.vb

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Properties Window

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Code Behind Window

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Shortcut Keys

Compilation and Execution – F5

Toolbox Window– Ctrl + Alt + X

Property Window – F4

Solution Explorer – Ctrl + Alt + L

Design View to Code View – F7(Code Behind Window)

Code View to Design View – Shift + F7(Source Window)

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.NET Framework.NET Framework Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime

Operating SystemOperating System

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime

- CLR manages code execution at runtimeCLR manages code execution at runtime

- Memory management, thread management, etc.Memory management, thread management, etc.

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.NET Framework.NET Framework Base Class LibraryBase Class Library



.NET Framework (Base Class Library).NET Framework (Base Class Library)

- Object-oriented collection of reusable typesObject-oriented collection of reusable types

- Collections, I/O, Strings, …Collections, I/O, Strings, …

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.NET Framework.NET Framework Data Access LayerData Access Layer




ADO .NET and XMLADO .NET and XML

- Access relational databasesAccess relational databases

- Disconnected data modelDisconnected data model

- Work with XMLWork with XML

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.NET Framework.NET Framework ASP.NET & Windows FormsASP.NET & Windows Forms





ASP .NETASP .NETWeb Forms Web ServicesWeb Forms Web Services

Mobile Internet ToolkitMobile Internet Toolkit

WindowsWindowsFormsForms

- Create application’s front-end – Web-based user interface, Create application’s front-end – Web-based user interface, Windows GUI, Web services, …Windows GUI, Web services, …

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.NET Framework.NET Framework Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages








C++C++ C#C# VB.NETVB.NET PerlPerl J#J# ……

- Use your favorite languageUse your favorite language

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.NET Framework.NET Framework Common Language SpecificationCommon Language Specification








Common Language SpecificationCommon Language SpecificationC++C++ C#C# VBVB PerlPerl J#J# ……

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.NET Framework.NET Framework Visual Studio .NETVisual Studio .NET








Common Language SpecificationCommon Language Specification

C++C++ C#C# VBVB PerlPerl J#J# ……

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.NET Architecture

NET Compliant Language- Language which supports .NET Programming like Vb.NET,C#,C++

and J# etc.

.NET Application- Application which is developed by using .NET Framework.- Like Windows Application, Web Application, Web Service and

Mobile Application.

.NET Framework Class Library- It consist of thousands of Pre-developed classes that can be used

to build application.

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.NET Architecture

Common Type System(CTS)- A superset of the data types used by most modern programming

languages.- CTS, common type system is the one which brings all .NET

languages data types on a common platform.

Common Language Specification(CLS)- A subset of CTS that allows code written in different languages to

interoperate

What languages? - Microsoft: C++, Visual Basic, C#, JScript - Third-Party: Cobol, Eiffel, Smalltalk, Scheme, Oberon,

Haskell, Java, Python, Perl, …

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CLR

Common Language Runtime(CLR)- Its a virtual machine of Microsoft's .NET,- During Compile time the Source code(C#, VB.Net..) is

converted into Intermediate Language (MSIL),During Runtime this IL is converted to native code to Operating System by Just In Time (JIT) of CLR

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The CLR CompilationThe CLR Compilation

SourceSource codecodeSourceSource codecode

CompilerCompiler

AssemblyAssemblyAssemblyAssembly

DLL or EXEDLL or EXEC++, C#, J#, C++, C#, J#, Visual Basic or Visual Basic or any .NET any .NET languagelanguage

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Common Language Runtime Services

Code management Conversion of MSIL to native code Loading and execution of managed code Creation and management of metadata Verification of type safety Insertion and execution of security checks Memory management and isolation Handling exceptions across languages Interoperation between .NET Framework objects and COM objects and

Win32 DLLs Automation of object layout for late binding Developer services (profiling, debugging, etc.)

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Applications developed by .NET

-Windows Application-Web Application-Web Services-Console Applications-Mobile Applications

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CLR - The execution modelCLR - The execution model

VBVBSource Source codecode

CompilerCompiler

C++C++C#C#

CompilerCompilerCompilerCompiler

AssemblyAssemblyIL codeIL code



Operating system servicesOperating system services

JIT compilerJIT compiler

Native codeNative code

ManagedManagedcodecode

UnmanagedUnmanagedcomponentcomponent

Common language runtimeCommon language runtime

JIT compilerJIT compiler

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NET supports two kinds of coding

Managed Code Unmanaged Code

Managed Code- The code, which is developed in .NET framework, is known as

managed code. This code is directly executed by CLR with help of managed code execution.

Unmanaged Code- The code, which is developed outside .NET Framework is known as

unmanaged code.

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Assembly

The .NET framework introduces assemblies as the main building blocks of your application.

An Assembly is a logical unit of code

An application can contains one or more assemblies.

An assembly can be formed in one or more files.

Assembly physically exist as DLLs or EXEs

When you compile your source code by default the exe/dll generated is actually an assembly

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Assembly Contd….

An assembly can consist of the following four elements:

1.Source code, compiled into MS intermediate language (MSIL). This code file can be either an EXE file or a DLL file.

2.The assembly manifest, - which is a collection of metadata that describes assembly name, - culture settings, - list of all files in the assembly, - security identity, version requirements, - and references to resources. - The assembly manifest can be stored with the intermediate code, or in a

standalone file that contains only assembly manifest information.

3.Type metadata

4.Resources

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Assembly Contd….

Assembly Version- An assembly can have two types of versions.

1. "Version Number"

- consists of a four-part string with the following format:

- <Major Version>.<Minor Version>.<Build Number>.<Revision Number>

- For example a version number of 3.5.20.1 indicates 3 as the major version, 5 as the minor version, 20 as the build number, and 1 as the revision number.

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Assembly Contd….

2. The second type of versions is called "Informational Version".

-The informational version consists of a string that contains the version number besides additional information like packaging, marketing literature, or product name.

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Private Assembly and Shared Assembly

Private Assembly The assembly which is used only by a single application is called

as private assembly. This DLL will be used by your client application only and not by any

other application. In order to run the application properly your DLL must reside in the

same folder in which the client application is installed. Thus the assembly is private to your application.

Shared Assembly

Creating a general purpose DLL which provides functionality which will be used by variety of applications.

This type of DLL’s are placed in 'global assembly cache'.

Such assemblies are called as shared assemblies

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Global Assembly Cache

Global assembly cache is nothing but a special disk folder where all the shared assemblies will be kept.

It is located under <drive>:\WinNT\Assembly folder.

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DotNet Introduction