Doryphoros Kleobis & Biton Menkaure, Hathor, and Cynopolite Nome

http://witcombe.sbc.edu/menkaure/menkaure-statue.html

King Minos’ Palace at Knossos on Crete

Plan: Palace of Minos

Mycenaen Lion Gate

Hermes by PraxitelesArcheological Museum, Olympia

• 343 BCE

• 7 ft. high

Epidauros

Aphrodite of Arles

• Praxiteles introduced the idea of showing goddesses nude to reveal their sexual nature.

Discobolus

• Balance, harmony, simplicity of surface, proportion, excellence,

virtue, beauty, humanism,

glory, justice, order,

courage, rational thinking,

intelligence

Aspasia

• Roman Copy

• Philosopher

• Teacher

• Pericles is

Associated with her.

Socrates, 469-399 Short, stocky, muscular, pot-bellied, snub-nosed, and bald

Plato, Socrates’ pupil

• Psyche is seat of intelligence / character

• Immortal and immutable—stays in memory

• Idealism: eternal perfection, pure ideas untainted by material reality

• Invisible world of eternal Forms or Ideas

• Psyche trapped in material world and physical body glimpses higher order

Plato continued

• Advocated sex for procreation• Severe discipline in physical and mental

training – like intellectual boot camp• Intellectual pursuit of Form or Idea of

Beauty, Justice, Love through study of mathematics.

• Leads to superior knowledge• City leaders should be Philosopher Kings• All results from rational thinking

Aristotle, Plato’s pupil

• Happiness – every living thing wants to be happy; represents the GOOD

• Animals– Lion tries to kill gazelle– Gazelle tries to run away– Both actions are good because natural– Animals can’t do wrong because ruled by

instinct by choice

Aristotle continued

• People – ruled by reason/choice

• Above animals because they can control emotions and instincts (logic).

• Logic makes us human

• A GOOD human– Doing what is right more than not doing what

is wrong

• To be good is the same as being excellent—arete

• People must also be good human beings by choice; that places them above animals– Must be governed by reason, not by instincts

or emotions– Avoid extremes of behavior; act in moderation– Extremes are bad– Middle choice is good = VIRTUE

• Only humans can achieve virtue, not animals, because people choose

• Being virtuous is being truly human

• Virtues are learned through doing them over and over until they become a habit

• Children must be taught the right behavior

• Nature/nurture argument today.

• What is greatest? Nature? Nurture? Peers.

Athena

• Roman copy of 5th

century sculpture

Phidias was sculptor

who signed the original

Athena

• Phidias

in 5th Century Athens

• Roman copy

• The six statues of women who hold up Doric architecture in the Acropolis were of six graceful women from the island of Karyai, chosen for their beauty and most visibly showing the classical qualities of dignity, serenity, beauty and finery. They are among the most photographed artifacts of Athens.

•  

Sappho

Poets Sappho and Alcaeus450 BCE

Vase, about 440-430 BCE, from the Polygnotos workshop, Athens

• Sappho reading

to students or

friends.

Sappho

• Pompeii

• 60 CE

Sappho

• One of the best known images of the poet

• Classical revival style by German sculptor von Dannecker.

• 1800

Sappho and Phaon

• Jacques Louis David

• Neoclassical

• Scroll of her

verse that praises

Phaon

Death of SapphoDaumier 1846

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?arch=1990.33.0051a&type=plan

Metopes: conflicts between men and enemies (centaurs, for example)

Pediments: on either end (East: Athena) (West: struggle between Athena & Poseidon)

Frieze: colorful procession climaxing Athena’s festival, the Great Panathenaia