Doris Hiam Galvez

7/30/2019 Doris Hiam Galvez

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Water Supply in Peru & Chile

The Challenges and the solutions

-.

Hu Fleming & Amin Ghobeity, Hatch North AmericaOscar Osores, Hatch Peru


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Water availability


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Water availability in Peru & Chile


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Water in Peru

50% of rain water is lost

Increasing glaciers retreat rates

Only 22% of sewage water from cities receives

some kind of treatment prior to discharge.4/5 is discharged & lost


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Water Availability in Peru & Chile

Water Resources reduction inPeru & Chile 1990 2010 in

m3 (Euromonitor)

Peru & Chile water supply has

reduced by ~30% in 20 years


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Water challenges in Chile

Chiles Water Offer and

Demand 2011 (DGA)

Chiles Projected Water

Demand for Mining in m3/s

(2009 2020)

Cochilco, 2009


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How to close the gap?

Gap

- There is a gap & will

grow

- How are we going to overcome theproblem?

GROWING GAP

1950 2000 2010


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Identification of Groundwater sources

Identify potential groundwater sources

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) to

optimize water storage


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Purification of Contaminated Water

Innovative technologies

Process optimization to reduce waste water

volumes

Zero liquid discharge approach


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Storage and transport of water

Interbasin transfers. Catch it & take it to other places.


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Desalination PlantProcess Water

Tanks

Chemical Dosing

Buildings

Process

Buildings

Intake Pump Station

Buildings

IntakeOutfall


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Desalination Opex & CapEx Forecast


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m3

Desalination & Water Reuse

are closing in on Fresh

water treatment costs

Reverse Osmosis EnergyTrends

$


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Desalination capex


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ERI Pressure Exchangers

150,000m3/d SWRO expansion at Al Shualbah, Saudi Arabia


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Expected renewable energy growth in GWHydro resources in South America


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Seawater Desalination using

renewable energies Why use renewable energy

for desalination?

Desalination is energy-intensive

Wh use solar ener ?

Solar energy abundantalmost anywhere drinkable

water is scarce solar

powered desalination

seems plausible!


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Seawater Desalination using Solar

Energy Desalination by solar-

thermal

Compound parabolicconcentrators (CPS) in

Spain (Plataforma Solar

de Almera)

to handle brine


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Advanced Renewable Power and Water

Cogeneration and Hybrid System? Cogeneration increases

efficiency

Thermal energystorages ensures

continuous operation

Hybrid desalination

purposes, includingoperation flexibilities,

meeting potable water

standards more

efficiently, etc.

Ghobeity et al, Solar Energy, V. 85, 2011


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Seawater Desalination using

renewable energies Desalination with wind power

0

5

10

15

20

25

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Cost/KWh(centsUS)

Cost reduction of wind power


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Wind-driven SWRO

Concept design suggested

by U.S. Department of the

Interior Bureau of

Reclamation for Wind

Driven RO for Pacific Islandsand Remote Coastal

Communities

Hybrid power system (wind

Electricity produced from windturbines (large scale) used

directly to pressurize feedwater

to SWRO

Solar PV (small scale) produces

electricity required for control

systems


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Acquasol Desalination Project

Point Paterson, South Australia 180MW Integrated Combined Cycle Power 150MW Combined Cycle gas turbine + 30MW solar thermal

26 MGD Multiple Effect Distillation (MED), 28 MGD total

2 km square field of parabolic trough mirrors Heat storage of 7.5 hours for night or cloudy weather

By-product brine sent to salt harvesting Zero Liquid Discharge

ZLD


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Water Reuse Western Corridor

Luggage Point, Australia Water Reuse Project of the Year 2009

At 90 mgd, 2nd largest water reuse in the world; largest in

Southern Hemisphere

$1.5 billion and includes MF, RO, residue dewatering

27 months, world record

1,300 km of pipeline feeding a drinking water reservoir, 2 power

plants, and 2 petroleum refineries


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Luggage Point, Australia

Advanced Water Treatment PlantThe plant includes: Feed Pumping

Flow

Equalization Coagulation /

Precipitation& Clarification

Microfiltration

Reverse Osmosis

AdvancedOxidation

ResidueThickening& Dewatering


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NG Proved reserves & demand

600

800

1000

1200

10

15

20

TCF

300

400

500

600

109

m3

0

200

400

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027

Uso Elctrico Uso Industrial Uso Vehicular Uso Residencial-Comercial

-

5

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

0

100

200

Selva Sur Selva Central Noroeste Nuevos descubrimientos


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General Conclusions

Growing shortage of water & at the same time the demand is growing.

The way to answer is the following:

More efficient use of water we have

Recover & reuse the waste water

Catch the run off water that is currently lost

Remove salt from sea water

Desalination Potential of using RE for desalination


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Desalination with RE Conclusions Desalination with renewable energy technically makes sense but economy

depends on location.

Viability/cost of RE vs grid or conventional is site specific:

A study is needed for the Peruvian Pacific coast & Northern Chile.

Sun and wind are more reliable in Peruvian coast and Northern Chile

Solution is needed for more efficient, lower cost & reliable option

Solar & wind energy costs are coming down. Desalination cost are

coming down too.

Large solar installations will lower the cost even further.


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Recommendation Viability/cost of renewable versus grid or conventional energy is site

specific so studies have to be done for the places underconsideration.

Looking into the future a comparison is needed between solar &conventional with real projections for Peruvian coast and NorthernChile

We have to remember that protection of the environment and theconcern about global warming can override costs viability. This isespecially true in light of new data presented at a global climatechange meeting where it has been shown that warming is occurring

much faster than has been predicted and that we may have reachedthe "tipping point." This is where it will be very difficult to stop thewarming if not impossible.


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Doris Hiam Galvez