Don't eat bananas near a beehive!

HClNa OH

Sodium hydroxide + Hydrochloric Acid

Sodium Chloride + Water

Simple Neutralisation Reaction

Acid + Base

(inorganic salt)

Making an EsterEsters are made by reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol (a base).

Esters are organic salts.

Ethanoic Acid + Ethanol

O-H H

Ethyl ethanoate + Water

O-C-C-HH

H

H

H

H-C-CH

H O

CH3COOC2H5 H2O

Depending on the alcohol and acid used, many different fragrances can be made.

ALCOHOL ACID ESTER FRAGRANCE

pentanol butanoic acid apricot

pentanol salicylic acid pineapple

pentanol ethanoic acid banana

Ethanol butanoic acid apple

ethanol ethanoic acid fruity

Most esters have a pleasant odour.

WARNING!! The alarm pheromone of bees makes them attack would be invaders. The pheromone is the ester 3-methylbut-1-ylethanoate, which also happens to be the principal component of banana oil.

Don't eat bananas near a beehive!

Naming Esters

Name the alcohol part firstRemove the ‘anol’ and add ‘yl’e.g. if using pentanol it starts with pentyl

Name the carboxylate secondRemove the ‘anoic acid’ and add ‘anoate’e.g. if using ethanoic acid, it ends with enthanoate.

Pentanol + ethanoic acid pentyl ethanoate + water

What are esters?

Ethanol + methanoic acid

What are esters?O

O

Butanoic acid + ethanol

What are esters?

OO

isobutyl methanoate