Don’t Duck Metadata November 2000 Introducing Geospatial Metadata ---1 A Two-day Workshop About Metadata Introducing Geospatial Metadata

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Metadata

Introducing Geospatial Metadata ---1 November 2000

A Two-day Workshop About Metadata

IntroducingIntroducing

Geospatial MetadataGeospatial Metadata

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Metadata


What Metadata Is and Why You Need to Know About It

Topic 1

What’s Metadata? What’s Metadata?

Introducing Geospatial Metadata ---3

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What’s Metadata?

Two similar paintings by Picasso sold for vastly different prices

Why?

One had metadata. One didn’t


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November 2000

What’s Metadata?

Metadata is information about dataMetadata is information about data

If you had two cans without labels, which would you eat?

Without a label, how would you know which was tuna and which was cat food?

Cat Food?

Tuna?


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What’s Metadata?

We often use metadata We often use metadata

without even knowing itwithout even knowing it


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What’s Metadata?

A published map contains the A published map contains the elements of metadata…elements of metadata…

• Publisher

• Publication date

• Type of map

• Description

• Spatial references

• Scale and accuracy


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What’s Metadata?

Metadata is a critical Metadata is a critical

component of a component of a

complete data setcomplete data set


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What’s Metadata?

It’s data about a data setIt’s data about a data set

Title

Scale

Source

Content

Location

Publication

Access

Title

Scale

Source

Content

Location

Publication

Access

MetadataMetadata

GIS files

Imagery

Geospatial databases

GPS data

GIS files

Imagery

Geospatial databases

GPS data

Data setData set


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What’s Metadata?

Metadata is the “stuff” to help you Metadata is the “stuff” to help you find and understand data — find and understand data — whether the data is a…whether the data is a…

• list

• spreadsheet

• database

• CAD drawing

• GIS map


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What’s Metadata?

Metadata helps those who need Metadata helps those who need geospatial geospatial

datadata find what they need and determine find what they need and determine

how to use it how to use it

Geospatial data: any data with a spatial component, including maps, charts, in situ data

WhoWhere

When


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November 2000

What’s Metadata?

Metadata describes…Metadata describes…

content, quality, condition, and other characteristics about data

who, what, where, why, and how of a data set


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What’s Metadata?

• Who created and maintains the data?

• Why were the data created?

• What is the content and structure of the data?

Metadata answers questions…Metadata answers questions…


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What’s Metadata?

• When collected? When published?

• Where is the geographic location? Storage location?

• How were the data produced?

Metadata answers questions…Metadata answers questions…


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What’s Metadata?

Metadata includes information you Metadata includes information you need to…need to…

• determine which data exist for a geographic location

• determine if a set meets your need

• acquire the set you identified

• process and use the set

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Why Metadata Is Essential for the Long Term

Topic 2

Why Bother with Why Bother with Metadata?Metadata?


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Why Bother with Metadata?

You probably already have You probably already have metadata in some form:metadata in some form:

• Manila folders stuffed with notes

• Readme files

• Hardcopy data catalogs


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Documenting data is Documenting data is

criticalcritical to preserving its to preserving its

usefulness over timeusefulness over time


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November 2000


Without proper Without proper

documentation, no data documentation, no data

set is completeset is complete


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November 2000


Data developers

Datausers

Organizations

MetadataMetadatahelps…helps…


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Avoid duplication

Share reliable information

Publicize efforts

Reduce workload

For For data developersdata developers, metadata helps:, metadata helps:


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Facilitates understanding

Focuses on key elements

Enables discovery — inside and outside organizations

For For data usersdata users, metadata:, metadata:


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For For organizationsorganizations, metadata helps:, metadata helps:

• Protect investments

• Counter personnel changes

• Create institutional memory

• Share data with other agencies


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Reduce costs

Limit potential liability

Save time and money

For For organizationsorganizations, metadata helps:, metadata helps:

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Metadata at Its Best

Topic 3

What Does Good What Does Good Metadata Look Like? Metadata Look Like?


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What Does Metadata Look Like?

Metadata in the FGDC formatMetadata in the FGDC format


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Informative title Geographic location

Sections of the standard


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Identification Information

Originator

Abstract

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Why Clearinghouses Are Necessary to Our Work

Topic 4

Why Share Your Why Share Your Metadata?Metadata?


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Why Share Your Metadata?

A metadata clearinghouse is a A metadata clearinghouse is a

location — typically accessed location — typically accessed

through the Internet — to search through the Internet — to search

for spatial data setsfor spatial data sets


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A clearinghouse is a decentralized A clearinghouse is a decentralized

system of Internet servers you can system of Internet servers you can

searchsearch


Servers with metadataServers with metadata

Client


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Clearinghouses make Clearinghouses make

metadata records easy to metadata records easy to

findfind



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Why clearinghouses and not web Why clearinghouses and not web indexes? indexes?

• You can’t do a complete search

• You can only do full-text searches

• You can’t limit your search to particular fields



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• You can’t perform date, numeric, geographic searches

• Place names don’t always relate to lat/lon

• You don’t have search access to existing databases



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The National Geospatial Data The National Geospatial Data

Clearinghouse has more than 100 Clearinghouse has more than 100

spatial data servers with digital spatial data servers with digital

geographic datageographic data



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• FGDC Geospatial Data Clearinghouse

• Montana State Library Natural Resource Information System GIS

• Nebraska Geospatial Data Clearinghouse

• Wisconsin Land Information Clearinghouse


Some specific examples:Some specific examples:


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The NGDC has the people and The NGDC has the people and

infrastructure to help you find out infrastructure to help you find out

whowho has has whatwhat geographic geographic

informationinformation



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The NGDC is a set of information services

that use hardware, software, and

telecommunications networks to provide

searchable access to information



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The The clearinghouseclearinghouse includes federal, includes federal,

state, university, and vendor state, university, and vendor

participants in the United States and participants in the United States and

abroad abroad



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A A digital geospatial data setdigital geospatial data set is is

the target unit of description the target unit of description

defined in the clearinghousedefined in the clearinghouse



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You can search all or part of You can search all or part of

the community in a single the community in a single

sessionsession


x


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You can define You can define your criteriayour criteria



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You can select You can select a servera server



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You can view your search resultsYou can view your search results



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Help us keep metadata Help us keep metadata

accurate and up to dateaccurate and up to date



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November 2000

Make creating metadata part Make creating metadata part

of the process of developing of the process of developing

your datayour data


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What the CSDGM Standard Is and How It Helps Us All

Topic 5

Why Have a Why Have a Standard?Standard?


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Why Have a Standard?

The FGDC Metadata Workbook, Version 2.0 is free and can be downloaded

The FGDC Metadata Workbook, Version 2.0 is free and can be downloaded

www.fgdc.gov/metadata/csdgm/


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The standard helps you determine:

• if a set of geospatial data is available and fit for your use

• how to access and transfer the set


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A standard helps to create:A standard helps to create:

• Common terms

• Common definitions

• Common language

• Common structure

Access

constraints

Citation

currentness

entity

attribute

domain

lineage

Process step


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The standard…

• establishes names of data elements and compound elements

• defines information about values provided for data elements

Access

constraintsCitationcurrentness entit

y

attribute

domain

lineage


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The standard serves as a uniform summary description of the data setThe standard serves as a uniform summary description of the data set


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If you’re creating metadata for the first time, the standard may seem complex If you’re creating metadata for the first time, the standard may seem complex

Stick with itStick with it


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The key to using the standard…

•Find the fields that are pertinent to your data and your organization

•Build a template

•Use the template


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Don’t create your own standard — you’ll Don’t create your own standard — you’ll

only confuse peopleonly confuse people


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The standard will benefit all of us — for years The standard will benefit all of us — for years

to cometo come


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Online systems rely on data being predictable in form and content

Predictability is assured only when we conform to a standard

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Details About the Sections and Terms of the Standard

Topic 6

All About the All About the Green BookGreen Book


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All About the Green Book

FGDC’s Metadata Workbook: FGDC’s Metadata Workbook: a.k.a. a.k.a. thethe Green BookGreen Book

334 metadata elements 334 metadata elements and their production rulesand their production rules


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A view from the FGDC Metadata WorkbookA view from the FGDC Metadata Workbook



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0. Metadata

1. Identification

2. Data Quality

3. Spatial Data Org.

4. Spatial Reference

5. Entity and Attrib.

6. Distribution

7. Metadata Ref.

10. Contact

9. Time Period

8. Citation

Metadata Main Sections Supporting Sections



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ByBy Susan StittByBy Susan Stitt



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Data Element

Compound Element

Mandatory:Mandatory: must be provided

Mandatory if applicable:Mandatory if applicable: must be provided if the data set exhibits the defined characteristic

Optional:Optional: provided at the discretion of the data producer



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Hierarchical structure shows Hierarchical structure shows relationshiprelationship


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Rules and Tips for Creating Quality Metadata Files

Topic 7

How Do You Write How Do You Write Good Metadata?Good Metadata?


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How Do You Write Good Metadata?

Steps to Steps to Quality Quality MetadataMetadata

Organize informationOrganize informationOrganize informationOrganize information

Write your metadata fileWrite your metadata fileWrite your metadata fileWrite your metadata file

Review your fileReview your fileReview your fileReview your file

Have someone reviewHave someone reviewHave someone reviewHave someone review

Revise itRevise itRevise itRevise it

PublishPublishPublishPublish


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Get Get organized!organized!


Before creating Before creating your metadata…your metadata…


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• Write simply but completely

• Document for a general audience

• Be consistent in style and terminology

Keep your readers in mindKeep your readers in mind


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• Don’t use jargon

• Define technical terms and acronyms — CA, LA, GPS, GISCA, LA, GPS, GIS

• Clearly state data limitations

Think about the long-term effects Think about the long-term effects


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• Don’t use ALL CAPITAL LETTERS

• Use subheadings

• Use bulleted lists

• Cite examples


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The title is critical in helping The title is critical in helping readers find your datareaders find your data

Which is better?Which is better?

Greater Yellowstone Rivers from 1:126,700 Forest Visitor Maps (1961-1983)


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Useful titlesUseful titles

Near Real Time Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Data-Satellite Imagery from NOAA CSC Coastal Remote Sensing Division

Ace Basin, South Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve Digital Line Boundary


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Write a complete title, including:Write a complete title, including:

• What

• Where

• When

• Scale

• Who


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An informative title includes:An informative title includes:

• Topic

• Timeliness of the data

• Specific information about place and geography


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• Series name

• Issue number

• Name of publisher

• Location of publisher

If the data are officially published, If the data are officially published, in the title include:in the title include:


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Be specific. Quantify when you can.Be specific. Quantify when you can.

Vague:Vague: We checked our work and it looks complete.

Specific:Specific: We checked our work using 3 separate sets of check plots reviewed by 2 different people. We determined our work to be 95% complete based on these visual inspections.


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Select your Select your key wordskey words wisely wisely

• Use unambiguous words

• Use descriptive words

• Fully qualify geographic locations


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• Don’t use symbols that might be misinterpreted

! @ # % { } | / \ < > ~! @ # % { } | / \ < > ~

• Don’t use characters with dual interpretations

Remember, a computer will read Remember, a computer will read your metadata:your metadata:


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• Don’t use tabs or indents

• Be careful with carriage returns

• Use “none” or “unknown” meaningfully


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• Have someone else read it

• If you’re the only reviewer, put it away and read it again later

• Check for clarity and omissions

Review your final productReview your final product


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• Can a novice understand what you wrote?

• Are your data properly documented for posterity?

When you review your work, ask:When you review your work, ask:


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• Does the documentation present all the information needed to use or reuse the data?

• Are any pieces missing?


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• Think like a novice

• Put yourself in someone else’s shoes


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Tools That You Can Use to Create Quality Metadata

Topic 8

Tools to Help You Tools to Help You


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Tools to Help You

No tool can check the No tool can check the

accuracy of metadataaccuracy of metadata


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Tools to Help You

You don’t need specific You don’t need specific

hardware or software to hardware or software to

meet the requirements of meet the requirements of

the standardthe standard


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Tools to Help You

But different tools can help you But different tools can help you

createcreate, , validatevalidate, or , or distributedistribute your your

metadatametadata


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Tools to Help You

Tools can make your job easier:Tools can make your job easier:

• Intelligent tools extract information from data sets

•Form-based tools have a user-interface to guide you


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Tools to Help You

•ASCII and word-processor templates - Used to edit template documents

•Utilities - Produce and process metadata in some form


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Tools to Help You

Look for…Look for…

•Guidance without forced compliance

•Stability

•An OS/interface you know

•No restriction on length of text field


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Tools to Help You

Consider…Consider…

• Cost

• Platform

• Data-entry method

• Level of compliance

• User support

• Capabilities


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Tools to Help You

www.fgdc.gov/metadata/toollist/metatool.html


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Tools to Help You

• USGS Metadata Editor

• Corpsmet 95 metadata creation freeware

• NBII Metamaker tool

• NOAA CSC’s ArcView® Metadata Collector Extension

November 2000


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November 2000

Tools to Help You

• USGS Metamaker

• DataTracker

• Spatial Metadata Manager Software

November 2000


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November 2000

Tools to Help You

Reviews are available online…Reviews are available online…

• Wisconsin NSDI Clearinghouse

• Ohio State University, Ohio Geographically Referenced Information Program

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Using the Clearinghouse to Distribute Your Data

Topic 9

Using the Using the ClearinghouseClearinghouse


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Using the Clearinghouse

The FGDC Clearinghouse selected

the search and retrieve software

ANSI Z39.50-1995 (ISO 10163-

1995)


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The clearinghouse has environmental The clearinghouse has environmental

and base cartographic information and base cartographic information

predominatelypredominately



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127 nodes (servers) online

as of 7/99



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Federal participants

• NOAA (10)

• USGS (6)

• FEMA (sampler)

• NRCS (sampler)

• CIESIN/EPA

• CIESIN/NASA

• DOT NTAD

• National Park Service

• Army Corps of Engineers

• Tri-Services Center

• National Wetlands Inventory

• Census (sampler)


as of 7/99


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How can you participate? How can you participate?

• Set up your own node

• Send metadata to an existing node

• Have another organization host your node

• Put metadata on a web page for future “harvesting” to a node



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Why set up a node? Why set up a node?

• YouYou control your metadata

• It’s easy to set up

• You choose the software

• The software operates on typical web server platforms



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November 2000

• In setting up a node, most work is in preparing metadata for available data sets

• Store these data in a structured form, according to the standard



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Check your metadata for Check your metadata for

completeness, accuracy, completeness, accuracy,

and quality and quality



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Meet clearinghouse requirements: Meet clearinghouse requirements:

•Proper formatProper format

•Proper field names and valuesProper field names and values

•Appropriate formats: text, HTML, Appropriate formats: text, HTML, and SGML and SGML



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Parsing and validation tools check Parsing and validation tools check for structural or content errorsfor structural or content errors

errorerrorreportsreports

metadatametadatadocumentsdocuments

metadata parser metadata parser softwaresoftware

mpmp



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Validate your metadata Validate your metadata by using by using cnscns and and mpmp softwaresoftware



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Run cns output through mp to make text, SGML, HTML files

Run cns output through mp to make text, SGML, HTML files

YESYESCorrect original fileCorrect original file

Run original file through cnsRun original file through cns

Errors in error.txt?YESYES

CreateMetadataCreate

Metadata

Run cns output through mpRun cns output through mp

NONO

Correct original fileCorrect original file

Place 3 files on searchable system

Place 3 files on searchable system

Errors in error.txt?

Errors in error.txt?

NONO


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The tool produces metadata in The tool produces metadata in HTML, SGML, and TEXTHTML, SGML, and TEXT

mpmpmpmp TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTHTMLHTMLHTMLHTML

SGMLSGMLSGMLSGML



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Then indexes files by searchable Then indexes files by searchable fields into document databasefields into document database

indexindexindexindexTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTHTMLHTMLHTMLHTML

SGMLSGMLSGMLSGML

searchablesearchabledocumentdocumentdatabasedatabase

searchablesearchabledocumentdocumentdatabasedatabase



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<html>

<head>

<title>1989 Land Cover/Land Use on the Upper Mississippi River System</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>1989 Land Cover/Land Use on the Upper Mississippi River System</h1>

<h2>Metadata:</h2>

<ul>

<li><A HREF="#Identification_Information">Identification_Information</A>

<li><A HREF="#Data_Quality_Information">Data_Quality_Information</A>

<li><A HREF="#Spatial_Data_Organization_Information">Spatial_Data_Organization_Information</A>

<html>

<head>

<title>1989 Land Cover/Land Use on the Upper Mississippi River System</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>1989 Land Cover/Land Use on the Upper Mississippi River System</h1>

<h2>Metadata:</h2>

<ul>

<li><A HREF="#Identification_Information">Identification_Information</A>

<li><A HREF="#Data_Quality_Information">Data_Quality_Information</A>

<li><A HREF="#Spatial_Data_Organization_Information">Spatial_Data_Organization_Information</A>

mp HTML filemp HTML file mp HTML filemp HTML file


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mp HTML filemp HTML file mp HTML filemp HTML file


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<!DOCTYPE METADATA PUBLIC "-//FGDC//DTD METADATA 1.0//EN"><metadata>

<idinfo>

<citation>

<citeinfo>

<origin>Kurt P. Kowalski and Douglas A. Wilcox</origin>

<origin>Great Lakes Science Center</origin>

<origin>Biological Resources Division</origin>

<pubdate>1997</pubdate>

<title>Coastal Wetland Vegetation Analysis (Metzger Marsh)

</title>

<pubinfo>

<pubplace>Ann Arbor, MI</pubplace>

<!DOCTYPE METADATA PUBLIC "-//FGDC//DTD METADATA 1.0//EN"><metadata>

<idinfo>

<citation>

<citeinfo>

<origin>Kurt P. Kowalski and Douglas A. Wilcox</origin>

<origin>Great Lakes Science Center</origin>

<origin>Biological Resources Division</origin>

<pubdate>1997</pubdate>

<title>Coastal Wetland Vegetation Analysis (Metzger Marsh)

</title>

<pubinfo>

<pubplace>Ann Arbor, MI</pubplace>


mp SGML filemp SGML file mp SGML filemp SGML file


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Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Environmental Management Technical Center

Publication_Date: 19950829

Title: 1989 Land Cover/Land Use on the Upper Mississippi River System

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Environmental Management Technical Center

Publisher: Environmental Management Technical Center (EMTC)

Other_Citation_Details: White, B. M. and T. W. Owens. 1991. Geographic Information System Pilot Project For The Upper Mississippi River System. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 1991. LTRMP 91-05. 48 pp. + Appendix.

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Environmental Management Technical Center

Publication_Date: 19950829

Title: 1989 Land Cover/Land Use on the Upper Mississippi River System

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Environmental Management Technical Center

Publisher: Environmental Management Technical Center (EMTC)

Other_Citation_Details: White, B. M. and T. W. Owens. 1991. Geographic Information System Pilot Project For The Upper Mississippi River System. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 1991. LTRMP 91-05. 48 pp. + Appendix.


mp TEXT filemp TEXT file mp TEXT filemp TEXT file


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cns and mp command line validationcns and mp command line validation


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To incorporate your metadata into a To incorporate your metadata into a clearinghouse…clearinghouse…

• Spell out the element names exactly

• Keep the parent/child relationships

• Don’t omit intermediate compound element headings

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Where to Find Help While You’re Back at Work

Topic 10

Where Do You Go Where Do You Go from Here?from Here?


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Other Resources

• FGDC metadata website

• CSDGM Workbook (The Green Book), Version 2

• Image map of the CSDGM Version 2 by Susan Stitt, USGS-NBS


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Other Resources

• Mentor Software Freeware converter

• Chuck Taylor Freeware Toolbox

• FGDC tutorial on setting up a clearinghouse node

• Search for Geographic Data, FGDC, National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse


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November 2000

• Don’t invent your own standardDon’t invent your own standard

• Consider data granularityConsider data granularity

• Prioritize your dataPrioritize your data

• Document to preserve value Document to preserve value within your organizationwithin your organization

What Now?


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• Use the standardUse the standard

• Spread the wordSpread the word

What Now?

Documents

Don’t Duck Metadata November 2000 Introducing Geospatial Metadata ---1 A Two-day Workshop About Metadata Introducing Geospatial Metadata