Donnalee Bell and Krista Benes

Graduates: The New At-Risk Group?

What’s the concern for today’s graduates? PINEs Underemployment

Highlight some of the initiatives working to get grads working

Look at the recommendations from the Research

Give you a chance to discuss and share with each other and us your perspectives on career development for young graduates today

Session Outline

Who are They? According to OECD (2010):

Youth with qualifications (diplomas or degrees)

Stuck in temporary work, unemployment or inactivity even in times of economic growth

Poorly Integrated New Entrants (PINEs)

Global PINE growth in Europe and US Worst countries – (as of 2007) Spain,

Finland, Portugal, France Canada in the middle of the pack slightly

below OECD average Represent 23% of non-student Canadian

Youth (18-31) (2009) or 9% of the total 18-31 population

Particularly vulnerable during recessions PINEs get stuck!

Source: LaRochelle-Côté, “Employment instability among younger workers,” Stats Canada, Feb. 2013.

PINEs: Why are they a concern?

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“UN Warns of Lost Generation as Youth Unemployment Climbs” Globe and Mail. May 8, 2013.

“The Youth Unemployment Crisis That Isn’t” Edmonton Journal. April 28, 2014

“Here’s proof graduates aren’t an underemployed ‘lost generation’ Globe and Mail. April 7, 2014

Today’s Labour Market Forecast - Foggy

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The B.A.rista GenerationIn Canada

Under-employment number 2nd highest in OECD since 2005

1 in 4 – the ratio of young people with university degrees who worked in “low-skilled” jobs in 2012

40% of food and beverage servers and 45% of retail salespersons (age d 25-54) in Ontario hold a university or college degree

The earnings gap between high school grads and those with a university bachelor’s degree is narrowing.

Sources: World Economic Forum; Statistics Canada study – “Unemployment Dynamics Among Canada’s Youth”

The Unemployment Gap between Youth and Adults is Also Widening

This is a World Wide Phenomenon

An Hourglass Labour Market Lack of Career Education, Services and

Safety Nets The Education-Labour Market Disconnect

What is Happening?

The Hourglass Labour Market• Growth of knowledge worker jobs

and entry level jobs• Career progression has

fundamentally changed• Glut of PSE graduate raises the

credential level of both poles• Youth getting stuck in service sector

jobs they work in during school• Need for career management skills

to maneuver in this labour market

Chart 1: Ontario Job Distribution by Skill Categories, Ontario 1991-2006 (Zizys, 2011, 27)Source: Zizys, 2011; Stats Canada, April 2014.

Lack of consistency Vulnerability to government funding

priorities Youth specific service is dwindling Research confirms the need for high-quality

career guidance = 1. highly qualified professionals; 2. timely and accessible local LMI

Lack of Career Education/Service and Safety Nets

Too many youth with the same qualification Over-qualification of the entry level PSE institutions that are not making the link

to the labour market Employers not investing in the training of

youth or their youth hires

Sources: Macdonald, 2011; Versnel, 2011; Taylor 2010 and 2007

The Education-Labour Market Disconnect

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* Early Intervention Strategies* Post-Graduation Strategies* Demand-side Strategies* Strategies for Diverse Groups

School-to-Work Transitions: What’s Working?

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Early Integration Strategies

Career service delivery in advance of graduation that includes: Work experience, Career management skills training, Clear information on pathways to the labour

market Career planning that helps youth be intentional

with their careers

Canada’s approach in this area is fragmented

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Options and Opportunities Program (O2)

* Built on Community Learning Partnerships

* Integrated Career and Education Planning

* Skills for the Workplace* Flexible Design and Delivery * Academy Model* Expanded Course Options * Connecting with Families

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Post Graduation Strategies

Includes: graduate guarantee programs subsidies and supports for entrepreneurs graduate databases graduate access to income support work experiences (internships)

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Online resource for students and recent graduates to help them access work commensurate with their education

Includes a job search tool, employer profiles, initiatives like career guides to occupational sectors and a Questions and Answer section

Includes video interviews, blogs and discussion forums from graduates about their job search and work experiences after graduation

www.TalentEgg.caHatching Student and Grad Careers

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Diversity Strategies

Initiatives that target specific populations of young students and/or graduates who may be at risk of poor labour market attachment or who are more effectively served by population specific initiatives

Program to support diversity recruitment issues within the organization

Recognition that programs need to include the young person’s community in the process

The Aboriginal Youth Work Exchange Program (Ontario)

Includes: Wage subsidies and subsidies to

accommodate apprentices Employer partnerships with education Outreach to employers to participate

in early and post-graduation programs

Demand-Side Strategies

Strategy keep highly educated graduates in their home rural communities

Connect students to work commensurate with their education

Focus on increasing the competitiveness of SMEs Program has 2 month career development training and 6

months of job training with a local employer Wage subsidies/participant allowances are provided 75% are employed in the local community Employers have moved from tentative participation to full

engagement in 3 years.

Innovation Assistant (Finland)

National School-to-Work Policy Research Education and Service Delivery

Reform Balancing the Approach Targeting

Both the Supply and Demand Side

Recommendations

In your opinion, is flying by the seat of you pants an this labour market an option? Why or Why not?

What demand and supply side programs or policies do you know about that are helping PINEs?

What can career development practitioners do to balance the focus from the supply to the demand?

What policy or programs recommendations would you make to help PINEs that are not in place now in your community?

Discussion

Literature Review and Research Report on PINEs is available at:

www.ccdf.ca