DON’T FIX IT! - Carleton University · • comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture

1 Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada 23/04/2009

If it ain’t broke…

DON’T FIX IT!

Monia Bergeron, SIEID

Statistics Canada, Ottawa

April 23, 2009


Government’s commitment

Why innovation matters

Definitions

Measures


The international stage

Data availability

Coming up the pipeline: General Business

Panel Survey



Essential to help economy recover quickly, create jobs

for the future and improve the quality of life for

Canadians.

Innovative economies typically exhibit the following

characteristics: higher rates of economic growth

greater job growth

higher productivity

greater investment in people and capital

greater capacity for the economy to attract and retain highly

qualified people.



1. Insulin, Treatment for Diabetes [1921, Frederick Banting, Charles Best]

2. Telephone [1876, Alexander Graham Bell]

3. Light Bulb [1874, Henry Woodward, Mathew Evans]

4. Five Pin Bowling [1908, Thomas F. Ryan]

5. Wonderbra [1964, Louise Poirier]

6. Pacemaker [1950, John Hopps, Wilfred Bigelow, John Callaghan]

7. Robertson Screw, 1908 [Peter Robertson]

8. Zipper [1913, Gideon Sundback]

9. Electric Wheelchair [1952, George Klein]

10. Poutine [1957, Fernand Lachance]

11. Cobalt-60 “Bomb” Cancer Treatment [1951, Harold Johns]

12. Java Programming Language [1994, James Arthur Gosling]

13. Bloody Caesar [1969, Walter Chell]

14. Canadarm [1975, Spar Aerospace/NRC]

15. Standard time [1878, Sir Sandford Fleming]

16. Electron Microscope [1939, James Hillier, Albert Prebus]

17. Ski-Doo [1922, Armand Bombardier]

18. BlackBerry [1999, Mike Lazaridis]

19. Radio Voice Transmission [1900, Reginald Fessenden]

20. Birchbark Canoe [First Peoples]

21. Basketball [1892, James Naismith]

22. Retractable Beer Carton Handle [1957, Steve Pasjack]

23. UV Degradable Plastics [1971, James Guillet]

24. Instant Replay [1955, CBC’s Hockey Night in Canada]

25. Goalie Mask [1959, Jacques Plante]

26. Marquis Wheat [1908, Sir Charles Saunders]

27. Pablum [1930, Alan Brown, Theodore Drake, Frederick Tisdall]

28. Lacrosse [First Peoples]

29. Electric Oven [1892, Thomas Ahearn]

30. Steam Fog Horn [1853, Robert Foulis]

31. Walkie-Talkie [1942, Donald L. Hings]

32. Alkaline Long-Lasting Battery [1959, Lewis Urry]

33. Paint roller [1940, Norman Breakey]

34. Electronic Music Synthesizer [1945, Hugh Le Caine]

35. WeeVac 6 [1990, Wendy Murphy]

36. Green Garbage Bag [1950, Harry Wasylyk, Larry Hansen,

Frank Plomp]

37. Snowblower [1925, Arthur Sicard]

38. Self-propelled Combine Harvester [1937, Thomas Carroll]

39. Instant Mashed Potatoes [1962, Edward Asselbergs]

40. Explosives Vapour Detector [1985, Lorne Elias]

41. Marine Screw Propeller [1833, John Patch]

42. Plexiglas [1931, William Chalmers]

43. Key Frame Animation [1969, Nestor Burtnyk, Marcelli Wein]

44. CPR Mannequin: “ACTAR 911” [1989, Dianne Croteau,

Richard Brault]

45. G-Suit [1941, Wilbur Rounding Franks]

46. Ardox Spiral Nail [1954, Allan Dove]

47. Automatic Lubricating Cup [1872, Elijah McCoy]

48. Crash-Position Indicator-CPI [1957, Harry Stevinson]

49. Caulking Gun [1894, Theodore Witte]

50. Separable Baggage Check [1882, John Mitchell Lyons]

Examples of Canadian innovations? http://www.cbc.ca/inventions/

http://www.cbc.ca/inventions/inventions.html?inventionID=25













































































































http://www.cbc.ca/inventions/


Definitions - concepts

Research and experimental development (R&D) • comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in

order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications (Frascati Manual, p. 30 and Respondent Guide, p. 3)

Related scientific activities (RSA) • complement and extend R&D by contributing to the generation,

dissemination and application of scientific and technological knowledge (Frascati Manual, p. 31 and Respondent Guide, p.5)


Definitions - concepts

Three types of R&D:

Basic R&D

With no expectations of an end

result

Applied research

With expectations of an end result

Experimental development

Using existing technology to create new

technology with expectations of an end

result


Performers and funders of R&D:

• Business

• Higher Education

• Government

• Non-profit organizations

**Collaborative arrangements between sectors

While activities overlap, their roles are distinct:

• Higher education: inspired by the spirit of enquiry;

• Government and private non-profit organizations: perform and support research for the public good.

• Business: integrates research findings into applications to create new products and processes;

Definitions - players



Business

• Main R&D performing sector of the economy

• Targeted at proprietary product development

• Partnerships with universities – specialize in

knowledge creation, offer economies of scale and

multidisciplinary teams

• Permits licensing of technologies



Canada’s top 25 corporate R&D spenders - FY 07 (extraction)

1. Nortel Networks Corporation

2. BCE Inc.

5. IBM Canada Ltd.

7. Research in Motion Limited

13. Bombardier Inc.

17. Pfizer Canada Inc.

22. Imperial Oil Limited

(Source: Re$earch Money, Vol. 22, No. 16)



Higher education

• Becoming increasingly more important in R&D performance

• Advance knowledge and generate highly qualified people – open

nature of work

• Free dissemination of new findings

Increases the stock of a country’s knowledge

Helps guide applied research

• Create intellectual property and commercialize it by licensing it to

business or creating spin-off companies



Canada’s top research universities – FY 08

1. Univeristy of Toronto*

2. University of Alberta*

3. Université de Montréal*

4. University of British Columbia*

5. McGill University*

…

16. Dalhousie University*

21. Memorial University*

25. University of New Brunswick

*Has a medical school Source: Re$earch Money, Vol. 22, No. 16)



Government

• One of the smaller performers

• Performs some research to meet its needs and those

of its citizens

• Mainly supports work in other sectors to correct

market failures (fill the gap between private investment in

basic research and the level that would maximise benefits to

society)

• Highest investment in higher education sector of

Group of Seven



Top government R&D performers and funders (FY 07/08 estimates - (in thousands of dollars)

• Performers – National Research Council Canada ($544)

– Agriculture and Agri-food Canada ($307)

– Natural Resources Canada ($229)

• Funders – Canadian Institutes of Health Research ($784)

– Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council ($725)

– Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council ($489)

(Source: Federal Scientific Activities 2007/2008, catalogue number 88-204-xwe, Statistics Canada)



Non-profit organizations

Similar to government

• Performs little R&D

• Supports research of higher education through

philanthropic activities.


Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and

Development (GERD)

Provides a statistical picture of the Canadian system of

research

Measures


Measures

Table 1: Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development, Canada, 2008

Funding sector Performing sector

millions of dollars

Government Business Higher education

Sector

Private non-profit

organizations

Total R&D

Government 2,702 376 3,558 52 6,686

Business 84 13,461 826 15 14,386

Higher education sector 0 0 4,532 0 4,532

Private non-profit

organizations

0 0 793 58 850

Foreign sector 0 2,479 128 7 2,616

Total R&D 2,786 16,316 9,837 132 29,071


Measures

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

Ind

ex

19

96

=1

00

Government

Business

Higher education

Non-profit org.

Total

Trends in R&D performance, by sector, Canada, 1996-2008


Difficulty in measuring outcomes

• Benefits not necessarily immediately apparent

• No “one” breakthrough – culmination of sources

• Patents, licensing, commercialization, etc.

Measures



Electoral debates

Clean energy

Water management

Regenerative medicine

CANARIE, Canadian Light Source, Institute for Quantum Computing

Centres of Excellence for Commercialization

Budget

• $5.1 billion in new investments for science and technology

• $2 billion – higher education infrastructure (KIP – knowledge infrastructure

program)

Most advanced nations invest in S&T infrastructure during the economic downturn… Brain drain? Soviet Union in the 1990s

• NRC – CISTI reduced, IRAP increased



OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators






Civil Government Budget Appropriations or

Outlays for R&D by Socio-economic objective

2006

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Economic development

Health and environment

Education and society

Space programs

Non-oriented research

General university funds


Canada

United Kingdom

United States

EU-27

OECD


Data availability

Selected data sources for international

comparisons of science and technology activities

Canada

Statistics Canada, Science Statistics, Catalogue no. 88-001

This series, which consists of eight issues a year, presents a variety of science and technology statistics. Each issue

concerns a different topic.

Statistics Canada, Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in Canada (GERD), and the Provinces,

Catalogue no. 88-221-XWE

Annual data on GERD by science type and by funding and performing sector are also available in CANSIM table 358-0001

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators, Paris.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, Paris.


The GSS of business!

General Business

Panel Survey


Background

STC’s present business statistics system:

• designed to produce SNA indicators (GDP, trade figures, CPI)

STC’s Census and social surveys provide:

• population distribution (needed for federal-provincial transfer

payments, electoral reform, employment levels)

A new statistical opportunity exists :

• to better understand firm behaviour & firm strategy.

• to inform a wide range of policy questions

• to monitor impacts of policy interventions (& over time)

• to meet increasing need for qualitative information

• obligation to efficiently complement existing quantitative data

Offers STC a new component of the business statistical

system

• enhance existing statistical system

• better understand specific behaviours of Canadian businesses


Dual Project Response To New Opportunity

General Business Panel Survey (GBPS)

• Survey Content Phase (Core & Modular Design)

• Engagement of Academic & Business Communities

• International indicators coherence

• Research Laboratory Data Access Model

• Horizontality assured by ‘Core’/’Module’ conceptual design

Integrated Business Database (IBD)

• clean linked longitudinal micro data (survey and administrative)

• Small and Medium Sized Enterprise (SME) Statistics Program

• Economic Globalization Indicators Project (EGI) (GVC)

• General Business Panel Survey (GBPS) – linkage component

• achieve efficiencies and avoid possible inconsistent results


Core + Module opens up to horizontality

Firm

characteristics

and

outcomes

Operational

tactical

activities

Value

tactical

activities Innovation

tactical

activities

Operational

strategies

Value

strategies

Innovation

strategies

GVC

Module

+

GVC Survey of Changing Business

Practices in the Global Economy

GPBS Themes (CORE)

(MODULE)


For more information on science and technology statistics:

Monia Bergeron

Subject Matter Officer

Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division

[email protected]

613-951-6423

For more information on the GBPS:

Paula Thomson

(Project Manager, GBPS)

Director - Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division

[email protected]

www.statcan.gc.ca

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

DON’T FIX IT! - Carleton University · • comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture