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Don Sparks
Statesville Senior High School
Don Sparks
Statesville Senior High School
PeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6c
The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.
curb heresies crusades; Inquisition
tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].
A Medieval MonkA Medieval Monk’’s Days DayA Medieval MonkA Medieval Monk’’s Days Day
A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium
A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium
Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts
Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle
Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Darker, simplistic interiors.
Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.
Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814
CharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empires EmpireCharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empires Empire
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800
The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance
Carolingian MinisculeCarolingian MinisculeCarolingian MinisculeCarolingian Miniscule
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
England England
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
England England
CharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empire s Empire Collapses:Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843
CharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empire s Empire Collapses:Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor A Code of Honor and Behaviorand Behavior
a.a. excellent horsemenexcellent horsemen
b.b. skilled in battleskilled in battle
c.c. bravebrave
d.d. generous in victorygenerous in victory
e.e. devoted to religiondevoted to religion
f.f. educated in the artseducated in the arts
g.g. willing to help the poor and needywilling to help the poor and needy
h.h. to be courteous to womento be courteous to women
i.i. fight to the death to their fight to the death to their ““ladylady””
The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor
Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor
SerfsSerfs at work at work
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
Evolution of EnglandEvolution of England’’s s Political SystemPolitical System
Evolution of EnglandEvolution of England’’s s Political SystemPolitical System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.
Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215
King John IKing John I
Runnymeade
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords nobles & clergy.
o House of Commons knights and burgesses.
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style
• Pointed arches.
• High, narrow vaults.
• Thinner walls.
• Flying buttresses.
• Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
• Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade
Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Thomas Beckett Thomas Beckett • Thomas Beckett Thomas Beckett was appointed as was appointed as Archbishop Archbishop
of Canterburyof Canterbury by King Henry by King Henry• Beckett defended the church against the King, Beckett defended the church against the King,
thinking that the wanted Beckett dead, 4 thinking that the wanted Beckett dead, 4 barons went to Canterbury where they killed barons went to Canterbury where they killed Thomas Beckett in his cathedralThomas Beckett in his cathedral
• Beckett was declared a saint by the Catholic Beckett was declared a saint by the Catholic Church, and people from all over England went Church, and people from all over England went to his burial place in Canterbury to pray and be to his burial place in Canterbury to pray and be healed of sicknesshealed of sickness
• One of the best loved books in the English One of the best loved books in the English language, language, The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales, by , by Geoffrey Geoffrey ChaucerChaucer, is about a group of pilgrims (one who , is about a group of pilgrims (one who travels for religious reasons) setting out for travels for religious reasons) setting out for BeckettBeckett’’s tombs tomb
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, United Kingdom
Medieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities
Oxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford University
Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings
Medieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval Trade
Medieval Guilds (Unions)Medieval Guilds (Unions)Medieval Guilds (Unions)Medieval Guilds (Unions)
Guild Guild HallHall
Guild Guild HallHall
Commercial Monopoly:
Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
Controlled prices
Medieval Guilds: A GoldsmithMedieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’’s s ShopShop
Medieval Guilds: A GoldsmithMedieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’’s s ShopShop
Crest of a CooperCrest of a Cooper’’s Guilds GuildCrest of a CooperCrest of a Cooper’’s Guilds Guild
VikingsVikings
aa. Vikings were fierce warriors, traders, . Vikings were fierce warriors, traders, and raiders from Scandinavia, and raiders from Scandinavia, present-day Norway, Sweden, and present-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.Denmark.
b. Vikings terrorized much of coastal b. Vikings terrorized much of coastal Europe and traveled many miles up Europe and traveled many miles up rivers in their special boats (could rivers in their special boats (could float in 3 feet of water when loaded) float in 3 feet of water when loaded)
c. A Viking named c. A Viking named Leif EricsonLeif Ericson was was probably the first European explorer probably the first European explorer to discover North Americato discover North America
MARCO POLOMARCO POLO a.a. Marco Polo was born in Marco Polo was born in Venice Venice Italy in the mid 1200Italy in the mid 1200’’ss
b.b. Venice was founded on a group of swampy islands during the Venice was founded on a group of swampy islands during the
Dark Ages and over the centuries it grew into a rich and Dark Ages and over the centuries it grew into a rich and
powerful as a trading center between Europe and the Far Eastpowerful as a trading center between Europe and the Far East
c.c. When Marco Polo was 16 he traveled with his family to China When Marco Polo was 16 he traveled with his family to China
and entered the court of the great and entered the court of the great Kublai KhanKublai Khan
d.d. Marco Polo was chosen as the representative to the outlying Marco Polo was chosen as the representative to the outlying
provinces of China and the Polo family remained there for provinces of China and the Polo family remained there for 24 24
yearsyears
e.e. When When fighting broke out between Venice and Genoa Marco was fighting broke out between Venice and Genoa Marco was
taken prisoner and wrote the book, taken prisoner and wrote the book, The Travels of Marco PoloThe Travels of Marco Polo,,
this book gave the Europeans their first look into China and this book gave the Europeans their first look into China and
helped create the first accurate maps of Asiahelped create the first accurate maps of Asia
f.f. His book aroused the interest of His book aroused the interest of Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus (Genoa)(Genoa)
JOAN OF ARCJOAN OF ARC
• In a strange but true story, In a strange but true story, an illiterate an illiterate peasant girl convinced the King of France to peasant girl convinced the King of France to allow her to lead the armies of France allow her to lead the armies of France during the Hundred Years Warduring the Hundred Years War
• At the age of 17, At the age of 17, Joan of ArcJoan of Arc led the French led the French to victory over the English in a Battle of to victory over the English in a Battle of Orleans France in 1429Orleans France in 1429
• The The Battle of OrleansBattle of Orleans was the turning point was the turning point of the Hundred Years War and eventually of the Hundred Years War and eventually drove the English out of France in 1453, this drove the English out of France in 1453, this is why is why Joan of Arc is loved by the French Joan of Arc is loved by the French and was burned at the stake by the Englishand was burned at the stake by the English
• Joan of Arc was declared a Joan of Arc was declared a saintsaint by the by the Roman Catholic Church in Roman Catholic Church in 19201920
Image of Joan of Arc Painted between 1450 and 1500