Domestic Water Disinfection Using Total Oxidation Process Presentation

7/30/2019 Domestic Water Disinfection Using Total Oxidation Process Presentation

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WELCOME

GARY MADDISON

The Rodin Group.

Rodin TITANIUM - AOPThe solution for the termination of

organisms in water

ALAN FLIGHT

BrightWater Environmental

ALAN LESTER

Chemist & Cooling Tower Specialist


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Prevention is far better

than trying to cure theproblem !!!


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Bacteria Fungi & Yeasts

Amoebae Viruses

What does AOP oxidise?


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Bacteria

Legionella are transported by Amoebae


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A greasy film, coating strainers, pipe work, tank etc. whichattracts dirt

Produces noxious smells

Causes a muddy red/brown colouring to the water

In the long term can cause corrosion

Pseudomonas Bacteria problems that occur


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A biofilm consists of different kinds of micro organisms,

especially bacteria.

It can be seen as a society where micro organisms shelter each

other.

It should not be mistaken with a layer of algae.

What is a Biofilm?


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Water pipe with a biofilm

Biofilm

Legionella

Legionella enters the biofilm

Temp > 25C

Colony forming ofLegionella in the biofilmOutbreak of bacteria in the waterInoculation of other parts of the biofilmMultiple colony forming ofLegionella in the biofilmMass outbreak of bacteria in the water

Why remove the biofilm?


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Water pipe directly after cleaning. No biofilm is present

Cleaning of the Biofilm


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The biofilm will start growing from day 1 after the cleaning

After cleaning


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After several weeks to months the biofilm is present

to let Legionella grow and the process starts all over

The Biofilm regrows


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Water pipe without biofilmLegionella cannot enter the biofilmColony forming is not possible without nutritionThe bacteria will be transported as a single cell through the

water and cannot cause a Legionella outbreak

Why remove the Biofilm?


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All micro organisms are terminated.

New forming of the biofilm is not possible

Titanium AOP Disinfection

Keeping the Biofilm out of the pipes


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Ideal growth temperature: 37C

Growth range: 20 - 55C

Death range: > 60C

Survives to low temperatures but are dormant (count stays

stable) Aerobic rod: needs moisture

Properties ofLegionella


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Optimal growth at 37C

Growth range: 20 - 55C

Death range: > 60C

Survives to low temperatures but are

dormant (count stays stable)

Needs 10 different amino acids and iron

Needs host (Amoebae) to multiply

Aerobic rod which needs moisture

Properties of the Legionella pneumophila


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Source:European Working Group for Legionnella Infections

Outbreaks ofLegionnaire's Disease


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The genus ofLegionella contains 50 species and 24

subspecies

Legionella pneumophila is the only species which causesdangerous disease: Serotype 1

Legionnaire's disease

Inflammation of the lungs Inflammation of stomach and intestine Attack of the central nerve system

Serotype 2-15 Pontiac fever

Flu like disease

Some other Legionella species can cause Pontiac fever

Legionnaire's Disease


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2. Aerosol 3. Breathe

4. Susceptibility of the

individual

Bronchia

Alveoli

(Temp, time, biofilm,

nourishments)

1. Lp growth

Infection


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Disease outcome

Death

Severe brain disorder

Full recovery

High risk population: People over the age of 45

Heavy smokers or drinkers

People suffering from respiratory problems or kidney

diseases

Immunodeficient patients (cancer, AIDS, transplantation) Males are 2.5 times more susceptible than females

Legionnaires Disease


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Droplet

formation

Dropletbreak-up

on impact

Aerosol Generation


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Dropletdiameters

Description Fallingspeed

1 mmRain

droplets4000 mm/s

100 microns

Drizzle

droplets 1000 mm/s

10 microns

Aerosols

20 mm/s

3 microns 5 mm/s

1 micron 0.0002 m/s

A 3 micron droplet falling

by 2 meters takes more than

6 minutes to touch the ground !

Aerosols


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Air bubble

Aerosols in Whirlpool Baths


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Pseudomonas Closed system protection

Legionella Control - HWS

Cooling towers

Humidifiers

Recycling of grey water

Rainwater harvesting

Bore hole water disinfection

Process applications Food & Beverage Industry

Laboratory & Hospital Sterilisation applications

Swimming pool treatment Water Closets.

Risk Areas


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Temperature Control

Temperature Control + UV CTemperature Control + Chlorine Dioxide

Temperature Control + Other Methods

Temperature Control + Copper Silver Ionisation

5%9%

19%

64%

Preferred Current Methods

3%


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Chemical (process water) Environmentally unfriendly.No WRAS approval

Ionisation of copper silver DWI prohibits Silver.

Anodic oxidation (Chlorine) Temp & Iron sensitive. Ozone Expensive & difficult to maintain

Physical (drinking water)

UV-C Shadow effect.

Ultra filtration incubation unit for all bacteria.

Pasteurisation does not destroy bio-film.

Complete Prevention Concept is Unique

Alternative Technologies


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Design ConceptsDrinking water

All water pipe systems are polluted

with Legionella

The complexity of the system and the

risks have to be determined

The pipe system has to be designed

and modified to eliminate risks

Biofilm and bacteria have to be

removed

Good Practice in System Design


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A.C.O.P (H.S.E. L8 )

Control of Substances Hazardous to

Health Regulations 1999, Regulation 6

Management of Health and Safety at

Work Regulations 1999, Regulation 3

Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974,Sections 2, 3

Main Drivers


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Rodin Oxidation technology for water disinfection

The technology is based on the combination of well-proven ultraviolet light

radiation and a photo-catalytic effect in the water, i.e a combination of UV light

and the semiconductor titanium dioxide. This process is called AOP (Advanced

Oxidation Process).

So does this enhanced oxidation process mean that viruses, bacteria and other

pathogens found in the water are eradicated faster and more effectively than by

other similar systems?

Titanium AOP (Advance Oxidation Process)


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Titanium AOP 100


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O O

Oxygen

Hydrogen

THE HYDROXYL RADICAL

H2O.OH

Water Hydroxyl Radical


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Redox Oxidation Value

___________ ___ ___


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Photocatalysis (@ wavelength 254 nm)

UV at 254nm excites electrons ontitanium surface

Results in Electron-Hole pair

formation (TiO2e-h+)

Electron-Hole is catalyst which

initiates the formation OH

Process Mechanisms(UV-C) Light, wavelength 185 and 254 nm

UV

@254nm

Conductive Band

Valence Band

Photolysis (@ wavelength 185 nm)

Transforms H2O intoOH radicals

e-

e-

h+


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Process Mechanisms

Catalyst reacts with H2O toproduce OH radicals

e-h+ Pair reacts with O2 to

produce superoxide ions

Catalyst also oxidises organisms

at the H2O/TiO2 interface

OH revert to H2O by oxidising

organisms and VOCs

e-

h+

+O2 O2-

+H2OOH


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Drinking water Cooling towers

Humidifiers

Process water in production areas

Applications


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Inventory of risk and plan of control.

Chemical technical cleaning.

Installation Titanium AOP system.

Monitoring with culture method.

Legionella System Control


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The Titanium AOP has been tested independently in 2008 by the

ISO accredited Vitens Laboratories in The

Netherlands. All tests were done according to KIWA guideline976 which defines the exact test installation, bacteria

cultivation, performance requirements, test conditions and the

test rig.

1. Test installation

To perform the test an installation was constructed from the

following components:

Storage tank, maximum volume 1000 litres;

Pump with a suitable control valve, capacity 5 m / h

Volumetric flow meter with an accuracy of 5%;

Hoses and fixtures to connect the equipment to be tested fitted with sampling taps and a collection tank with a maximum volume

of 1000 litres.

2. Cultivating Legionella bacteria

Legionella bacteria were cultivated in accordance with the inoculation bottle method in NPR 6268.

3. Performance requirements

During a test in accordance with the test protocol, the Equipment must reduce the amount ofLegionella bacteria present in the

water phase continuously with an efficiency of over 5 logarithmic units. The calculation model for removal capacity on the basis

of the measured concentration in CFU/l;

log reduction LR = 10log [blank sample concentration] /[sample concentration]

Product Performance Testing


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3.3 The test set-up

The set-up comprises of the following elements:

2 x (sealed) tanks with a capacity of 1000 Litres pump with a delivery of 5 m / h

flow meter with a measurement range of 05m/h at an accuracy of < 5%

PVC pipes diameter 32mm

needle valve for setting the required rate of delivery

8 x manually operated valves

2 x sampling cocks

Titanium AOP 5

The set-up is shown in the form of a schematic diagram Figure 1 below

Vitens Report


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4 RESULTS

4.1 Determination of blank concentration

The Legionella bacteria should be cultivated in accordance with NEN 6265. This method is ideal for cultivating very high

concentrations ofLegionella. In the execution of the testing 2 samples taken at each time. Because of the accuracy of the

analysis readings even if all readings are 0 Legionella this is recorded as 50 cfu/l. In order to record a log reading reduction

of 5 therefore the blank samples must contain at least 5,000,000 cfu/l.

Table 3 The Legionella pneumophila blanks

Test

Blank (cfu/l) 124,000,000

Blank (cfu/l) 124,500,000

Average blank (cfu/l) 124,250,000

Lowest reporting limit NEN 5265 (cfu/l) 50

Maximum possible log reduction 6.4

As table 3 shows, when testing was carried out with these blanks a log reduction of over 5 was possible. Note: the destruction

of micro-organisms is not species specific.

Vitens Report


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4.2 Titanium test

Below can be seen the results of the Titanium AOP 5.

Table 4 Destruction ofLegionella pneumophila with Titanium AOP

Flow Time Number of Legionella Average Log

(L/min.) (s after start) bacteria behind Titanium (cfu/l) Reduction

20 60 < 50 > 6.4

40 60 < 50 > 6.460 60 < 50 6.4

80 60 400 5.2

Vitens Report


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Titanium AOP 5

Starting concentration Legionella pmeumophila serotype 1: 124,000,000 cfu/l

Note:

Due to the required bottle culture method a contaminated concentration of 106,000,000 cfu/l of other bacteria was

present in the testing inoculum. These bacteria are also substantially removed. They have been in competition

with Legionella which means that the efficiency of removal of legionella could be higher when those contaminants

are not present.

Titanium AOP 1

Test Results


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Titanium AOP System Layout


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AOP 1 & 5

AOP 10, 20, 50, & 100

Titanium AOP Control Panels


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Model AOP 1 AOP 5 AOP 10 AOP 20 AOP 50 AOP 100

Capacity

Flow Rates (L/sec) 0.28 1.42 2.84 5.5 13.8 27.7

Flow Rates

(m/hour) 1 5 10 20 50 100

Pressure Drop (bar)


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A

50

90

90165

170

190

B

470

895

890960

955

955

C

75

75

120160

225

305

D

30

75

70150

155

170

E

90

110

125200

210

250

AOP 1

AOP 5

AOP 10AOP 20

AOP 50

AOP 100

Titanium AOP Reactor Dimensions

Height

180

180

600600

600

1200

Width

180

180

600600

600

600

Depth

150

150

250250

250

600

Control Cabinet Dimensions

Titanium AOP Dimensions


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2011-05-09

45

T

65C

HOTWATER

CALO-RIFIER

Hot and Cold Water Treatment

Gate keeper on new systems


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Sites with Titanium AOP Specified

The Royal London Hospital

Belmarsh Prison

RAF Wyton

Skanska Test Facility

British Nuclear Power

Scotlands National Arena

Kent County Council Cooling Tower


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The complete oxidation of all organism in water

Complete oxidation & destruction of pollutants

A gatekeeper protecting the entire water system

Completely chemical free

Very low maintenance and energy costs

Environmentally friendly

Key Benefits


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Thank you very much for attending

Questions & Answers

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CONCLUSION

Documents

Domestic Water Disinfection Using Total Oxidation Process Presentation