DOMESTIC VIOLENCE · Domestic Violence Homicide in Oklahoma|2019 Annual Report | 7 Key Findings for 2018 DEMOGRAPHICS1 _____ The demographics presented in this section of the report

An Analysis of 2018 Domestic Violence

Homicides

Report Year 2019

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HOMICIDE IN OKLAHOMA

A Report of the Oklahoma Domestic Violence

Fatality Review Board

Cimarron

Beaver Harper

Ellis

Roger Mills

Beckham

Woodward

Woods Alfalfa

Major

Dewey

Custer

Greer Kiowa

Blaine

Caddo

Grant

Garfield

Kingfisher

Kay

Noble

Logan

Canadian Oklahoma

Cleveland

Grady

Osage

2

Creek

Lincoln

Jackson

Tillman

Comanche

Cotton

Stephens

Jefferson

Garvin

Carter

Murray

Love

Pontotoc

Johnston

Coal Atoka

2

Bryan

McIntosh

Pushmataha

Choctaw

McCurtain

LeFlore

Latimer

Haskell

Sequoyah

Muskogee

Tulsa

Cherokee

1

Adair

Ottawa

Washington

Rogers

3

Nowata

Craig

Mayes

Marshall

Harmon

Delaware

Okmulgee 1

2

2

1

Wagoner

22

3 McClain

1 Pawnee

Hughes

Pittsburg

Okfuskee

1 Washita

3

1

2

2

1 Payne

4

2

1 1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

Texas

1 18

3

D o m e s t i c V i o l e n c e H o m i c i d e i n O k l a h o m a | 2 0 1 9 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 1

OklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard

TABLEOFCONTENTS

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................2

OKLAHOMAFATALITYREVIEWBOARDMEMBERS...........................................................................3

KEYREVIEWBOARDFINDINGS2018CASES..........................................................................................4

AtaGlance...................................................................................................................................................................4

ByCounty.....................................................................................................................................................................6

Demographics............................................................................................................................................................7

RelationshipType.....................................................................................................................................................9

CauseofDeath.........................................................................................................................................................10

Homicide‐Suicide...................................................................................................................................................11

Children.....................................................................................................................................................................12

IntimatePartnerHomicide(IPH)....................................................................................................................13

DOMESTICVIOLENCEHOMICIDEBYCOUNTY(1998‐2018).......................................................18

DOMESTICVIOLENCEHOMICIDEBYDISTRICTATTORNEYDISTRICT(1998‐2018)...19

RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................................................................................20

UPDATEONSELECTEDPRIORRECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................27

SPOTLIGHT:HomicidePreventionInitiativesinOklahoma..............................................................29

APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................................31

AppendixA–OklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard...............................................31

AppendixB–DomesticViolenceLethality‐ScreenforFirstResponders.......................................35

AppendixC–ResourcesforProfessionals..................................................................................................36

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cover:Thehighlightedcountiesandstatisticsonthereportcoverrepresentthe88victims(men,women,andchildren)inourstateidentifiedbytheOklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoardwhodiedbecauseofdomesticviolencein2018.



INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[JD(1]

TheOklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoardpresentsthe2019editionofthestatewidepublication, Domestic Violence Homicide in Oklahoma: An Analysis of 2018 Domestic ViolenceHomicides. This report outlines findings and recommendations assembled from our review ofOklahomadomesticviolence‐relatedhomicidecasesidentifiedin2018.

ThepurposeoftheReviewBoardistopreventfuturedomesticviolencefatalitiesbyidentifyinggapsin services and crafting recommendations to improve the coordinated response of individuals,organizations,andagenciesinOklahoma.

OneofthemostsalientlessonsfromreviewingdomesticviolencehomicidesinOklahomaforover20years is that the “safety net” for victims isheld upbymany supports, including the legislature,criminal justice system, lawenforcement,domesticviolence services,medical,mentalhealthandsubstanceabuseservices,andothers.Historyhasprovenvictimsandchildrenaresaferwhenweworktogether.

We hope this report will guide Oklahoma’s legislature, systems, agencies, and communities tocontinueimplementingchangesinpracticeandpolicythatstrengthenourstate’scomprehensiveandcoordinatedresponsetothosewhocontinuesufferingfromtheeffectsofdomesticviolence.

ThankyoutoourstakeholdersforyourcommitmenttotheseissuesandforyourtirelesseffortstocreateasaferOklahomaforvictimsandchildren.

Sincerely,

TheOklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard

“The significance of the Oklahoma Domestic Violence FatalityReview Board’s work is immeasurable. By compiling andanalyzing this important data, the Review Board provides anoverviewofwherewehavemadeimprovementsandwhereweneed to focusourattention tobetterservevictimsofdomesticviolence moving forward. The thoughtful recommendationsfurther policy discussions and best practices among lawenforcement,governmentagencies,andadvocacyorganizations.Mysinceregratitudeextendstotheboardmembersforlendingtheirpassion,time,andexpertisetoreducingdomesticviolencehomicidesinOklahoma.”–AttorneyGeneralMikeHunter



BOARDMEMBERSServingJanuarythroughDecember2019

EricPfeifer,M.D.MarcHarrison,M.D.(Designee)

ChiefMedicalExaminer

TerriWhite,M.S.W.GwendolynDowning,LPC(Designee)LaurenGarder,M.A.,LPC(Alt.Designee)

Commissioner,DepartmentofMentalHealthandSubstanceAbuseServices

GaryCox[Current]TomBates,J.D.[Interim]MariaAlexander,M.H.R.,M.E.P.P.(Designee)BrandieCombs,MPH(Designee)

StateCommissionerofHealth

PamArcher,M.P.H.,DirectorBrandiWoods‐Littlejohn,M.C.J.(Designee/Chair)

Chief,InjuryPreventionServicesoftheStateDepartmentofHealth

RickyAdamsBethGreen(Designee/Chair)(sinceOctober2019)

Director,OklahomaStateBureauofInvestigation

MelissaBlanton,J.D.,A.A.G. OfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral,Chief,VictimServices

JustinBrown[Current]EdLake,M.S.W.[Past]JenniferPostlewait,M.S.W.(Designee)PatriciaValera,B.S.(Alt.Designee)MarissaEdstedt,(Alt.Designee)

Director,DepartmentofHumanServices

SteveBuckDonnaGlandon,J.D.(Designee)

ExecutiveDirector,OfficeofJuvenileAffairs

MikeBooth,Sheriff(Designee)ScottHawkins,Lieutenant(Alt.Designee) OklahomaSheriffsAssociation

W.DonSweger,Chief(Designee) OklahomaAssociationofChiefsofPolice

KarenMueller,J.D.(Designee) OklahomaBarAssociation

JeffSmith,DA,District16(Designee) DistrictAttorneysCouncil

JasonBeaman,D.O.,M.S.,M.P.H. (Designee) OklahomaOsteopathicAssociation

MartinaJelley,M.D.,M.P.H.(Designee)MonicaHenning,M.D.(Alt.Designee) OklahomaStateMedicalAssociation

JanetWilson,Ph.D.,RN(Designee) OklahomaNursesAssociation

Hon.MikeWarren,J.D.(Designee) OklahomaSupremeCourt

BrandonPasley,(Designee)OklahomaCoalitionAgainstDomesticViolenceandSexualAssault(Survivor)

TraceyLyall,M.S.W.(Designee)AngelaBeatty,B.S.W.(Alt.Designee)JayraCamarena(Alt.Designee)

OklahomaCoalitionAgainstDomesticViolenceandSexualAssault


KeyFindingsfor2018

ATAGLANCE_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TheReviewBoardannuallyidentifies,reviews,andreportsondomesticviolence‐relatedhomicidesoccurringinOklahoma.Domesticviolencehomicidesaredividedintoseveralbroadcategories.Eachyear,thetwolargestcategoriesareintimatepartnerhomicides(IPH)andfamilyhomicidescommittedbyrelativeswhoarenon‐intimatepartners.Intimatepartnersincludecurrentorformerhusbands,boyfriends,wives,andgirlfriends.Familymembersinclude,butarenotlimitedto,parents,fosterparents,children,siblings,grandparents,grandchildren,aunts,uncles,andcousins.Otherdeathsincludedinthisreportareroommateskilledbyroommates,aswellasbystandersorGoodSamaritanskilledduringthehomicideevent.Inthisreport,thetermvictimreferstotheindividualkilledinadomesticviolencehomicide.Thetermperpetratorreferstotheindividualwhocommittedthehomicide.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

82DOMESTICVIOLENCEHOMICIDECASES

88HomicideVictims*

43Females(49%)

45Males(51%)

85HomicidePerpetrators

17Females(20%)68Males(80%)

31Oklahomacountieswithatleastonehomicide*Includesvictimsofintimatepartner,family,roommate,andtrianglehomicides.

2018DomesticViolenceHomicideinOklahoma


KeyFindingsfor2018

ATAGLANCE_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TheReviewBoardidentified1,785victimswhodiedinOklahomabecauseofdomesticviolencebetween1998and2018.

In2018alone,Oklahomahad82separatedomesticviolencecases(sometimesreferredtoasevents)resultinginthedeathof105people;88wereidentifiedashomicidevictims,and17wereidentifiedashomicideperpetrators.Asinglecasecanresultinthedeathofmorethanonevictim,whileothercasesinvolvemorethanoneperpetrator.Thenumberofperpetratorswhodiedfromsuicideorasaresultoflawenforcement,bystander,orGoodSamaritaninterventionin2018almostdoubledfrom2017(Table1).

Table1:DomesticViolenceHomicidesinOklahomafrom2011to2018

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Domesticviolencecases 92 85 86 86 89 89 75 82

Domesticviolencehomicidevictims(intimatepartnerhomicide[IPH]andnon‐IPH)

96 88 90 93 94 95 82 88

IPHvictimsonly 46 40 43 39 36 37 37 44

ChildVictims<18 18 14 14 18 24 15 11 14

Domesticviolenceperpetrators 93 91 89 91 100 95 83 85

Domesticviolenceperpetratorswhodiedfromsuicideorlawenforcement/bystander/GoodSamaritanintervention

18 21 10 14 17 10 9 17


KeyFindingsfor2018

BYCOUNTY_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In2018,31outof77(40%)Oklahomacountieshadatleastonedomesticviolence‐relatedhomicide;thehighestnumberofhomicidevictimswereconcentratedinOklahomaandTulsaCounties.(Table2).

Table2:DomesticViolenceRelatedDeathsin2018HOMICIDEVICTIMS COUNTY PERPETRATORSUICIDE

1 ADAIR 2 ATOKA 1 CADDO 1 CHEROKEE 2 CLEVELAND 2 COMANCHE 3 DELAWARE 2 GARFIELD 3 GRADY 11 HUGHES 2 KAY 13 LEFLORE 2 LINCOLN 1 MURRAY 1 MUSKOGEE 1 NOWATA 22 OKLAHOMA 44 OKMULGEE 2 OSAGE 21 PAWNEE 1 PAYNE 1 PITTSBURG 2 POTTAWATOMIE 3 ROGERS 11 SEMINOLE 11 STEPHENS 1 TEXAS 18 TULSA 61 WAGONER 1 WASHINGTON 1 WASHITA 1

88 TOTAL 17


KeyFindingsfor2018

DEMOGRAPHICS1_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thedemographicspresentedinthissectionofthereportincludeintimatepartnerhomicides(IPH)identifiedbytheReviewBoard,aswellasnon‐intimatepartnerhomicides(Non‐IPH),occurringincalendaryear2018.Non‐IPHcasesincludefamilymembers,bystanders,andGoodSamaritans(seethesectiononrelationshiptypeonpage9foramoredetaileddescriptionabouthowtheReviewBoardcategorizesthedifferentrelationshipsbetweendomesticviolence‐relatedhomicideperpetratorsandhomicidevictims).GenderOfthe88totaldomesticviolencehomicidevictims,43(49%)werefemaleand45(51%)weremale.Ofthe39adultfemalevictims(≥18yearsold),38(97%)werekilledbymaleperpetrators.Ofthe35adultmalevictims(≥18yearsold),23(66%)werekilledbymaleperpetrators,and12(34%)werekilledbyfemaleperpetrators.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofthe85perpetratorsweremale(80%).Ofthe17femaleperpetrators,9(60%)killedtheircurrentorformerintimatepartners(Table3).

Age

Ofthe88victims,themajority(33%)werebetweentheagesof21and40yearsold.Theaverageageofallvictimswas37.72yearsold.Theaverageageofadultvictims(≥18years)was43.67yearsold.Theyoungestvictimwas3monthsold.Theoldestvictimwas80yearsold.Ofthe14childvictims(<18years),9(64%)wereundertheageoffiveand7(50%)werelessthanayearold(Table3).

Perpetratorsbetweentheagesof21and40yearsold(52%)representedthelargestagegroup.Theaverageageofallperpetratorswas38.14yearsold.Theaverageageofadultperpetrators(≥18years)was39.18yearsold.Theyoungestperpetratorwas15yearsold.Theoldestperpetratorwas82yearsold.Four(5%)perpetratorswere<18yearsold(Table3).

Race/Ethnicity

Ofthe88victims,55(63%)wereCaucasian,12(14%)wereAfricanAmerican,4(5%)wereNativeAmerican,13(15%)wereHispanic/LatinoOrigin,3(3%)wereAsian,and1(1%)wasidentifiedas“Other”(Table3).

Ofthe85perpetrators,56(66%)wereCaucasian,12(14%)wereAfricanAmerican,4(5%)wereNativeAmerican,9(11%)wereHispanic/LatinoOrigin,3(3%)wereAsian,and1(1%)wasidentifiedas“Other”(Table3).

1 Forpurposesofthisreport,calculatedpercentageshavebeenroundedupordowntothewholepercent,whichmayresultincategorieswithlessthanormorethan100%iftotaled.


KeyFindingsfor2018

DEMOGRAPHICS2_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 Seefootnote1.

Table3.DomesticViolenceVictimandPerpetratorDemographicsfor2018

DomesticViolence

HomicideVictimsALL(Total=88)

%DomesticViolenceHomicide

PerpetratorsALL(Total=85)

%

Gender

Female 43 49% 17 20%

Male 45 51% 68 80%

Race/Ethnicity

Caucasian 55 63% 56 66%

AfricanAmerican 12 14% 12 14%

Hispanic/Latino 13 15% 9 11%

NativeAmerican 4 5% 4 5%

Asian 3 3% 3 4%

Other 1 1% 1 1%

Age

Under21 19 22% 12 14%

21to40 29 33% 44 52%

41to60 26 30% 22 26%

Over60 14 16% 7 8%

AverageAge[All] 37.72 38.14

AverageAge[<18] 6.27 17.77

AverageAge[≥18] 43.67 39.18


KeyFindingsfor2018

RELATIONSHIPTYPE_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TheReviewBoardcollectsandcompilesdataaccordingtothetypeofrelationshipassociatedwiththehomicide.In2018,37(42%)ofthe88homicidevictimswerekilledbyfamilymembers,includingfathers,stepfathers,mothers,mother’sboyfriends,sons,stepsons,grandparents,grandsons,brothers,andotherrelatives.Atotalof44(50%)werekilledbyintimatepartners,includingcurrentorformerspousesandcurrentorformerdatingpartners.Victimskilledbycurrentorformerintimatepartnersincreasedby19%overthepreviousyear.Exactly6(7%)homicidevictimswerekilledincasesthatarecategorizedasatriangle.Suchhomicidesincludesituationsinwhichaformerspouse,girlfriend,orboyfriendkillsthenewspouse,girlfriend,orboyfriend,orviceversa.One(1%)victimwaskilledbyaroommate(Figure1).

Relationshiptyperemainedfairlyconsistentfrom1998to2018withfamilyhomicides(44%)andintimatepartnerhomicides(45%)almostequallyrepresented(Figure2).

Family,37 (42%)IntimatePartner,

44 (50%)

Roommate,1 (1%)Triangle,6 (7%)

Figure1.PerpetratorRelationshiptoHomicide Victimfor2018

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Family Bystander/GoodSamaratin IntimatePartner Roommate Triangle

Figure2.PerpetratorRelationshiptoHomicide Victimfrom1998to2018


KeyFindingsfor2018

CAUSESOFDEATH_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TheOfficeoftheChiefMedicalExaminerofOklahomainvestigatessudden,violent,unexpected,andsuspiciousdeathsandconductsmedico‐legalinvestigationsrelatedtothedeathinvestigations.TheReviewBoardreportsondataobtainedfromtheMedicalExaminer’sOfficethatincludesadeterminationastotheindividual’scauseandmannerofdeath.

Consistentwithnationalresearch,firearmsarethemostcommonlyusedweaponsindomesticviolence‐relatedhomicides.In2018,firearmsweretheleadingcauseofdeath;morethanallothercausescombined.Additionalcausesofdeathincludedknife/cuttinginstruments,bluntforce,strangulation,andothers.Firearmswerethecauseofdeathofall17perpetratorswhocommittedsuicideordiedbylawenforcement,bystander,orGoodSamaritanintervention(Figure3).

Between1998and2018,victimcauseofdeathremainedconsistentwithfirearmscontinuallyservingasthemostprevalentcauseindomesticviolencehomicidecases(Figure4).Onaverage,firearmswerethecauseofdeathin52%ofthedomesticviolencehomicidesduringthistimeperiod.

2

5

16

13

5217

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Strangulation

Other

Cut/Pierce(Stab)

BluntForceTrauma(BFT)

Firearm

PerpetratorCauseofDeath VictimCauseofDeath

Figure 3:CausesofDeathfrom2018

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Figure4.VictimsCausesofofDeathfrom1998to2018

Firearm Blunt Force Trauma Cut/Pierce Strangulation All Other Causes of Death


KeyFindingsfor2018

HOMICIDE‐SUICIDE_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Aneventisdefinedasahomicide‐suicide14whensomeonemurdersanindividualandthenkillshimselforherself,usuallywithin72hoursfollowingthehomicide.In2018,theReviewBoardidentified17homicide‐suicidecasesresultinginthedeathof19victims(79%female).Nochildrenwerekilledinhomicide‐suicideevents.Ofthe17homicide‐suicidecases,15(88%)wereclassifiedassinglehomicide-suicidecases,inwhichonehomicidevictimandonehomicideperpetratorwhocommittedsuicideorwaskilledasaresultoflawenforcementintervention.Twoofthe17(12%)homicide‐suicidecasesweremultiplehomicide-suicidecases,inwhichtheperpetratorkilledmorethanonevictimbeforecommittingsuicideorbeforebeingkilledbylawenforcementintervention(Figure5).

Nationalresearchfindsthathomicide‐suicidecasesmostofteninvolveintimatepartners;usuallyamankillinghiscurrentorformerintimatepartnerandthenhimself.15In2018,theReviewBoardfoundthat94%ofallhomicide‐suicidecaseswereperpetratedbyintimatepartnersandthatthemajority(88%)wereperpetratedbycurrentorformermalepartners.Historically,theReviewBoardrarelyidentifiesintimatepartnerhomicide‐suicidecasesinvolvingfemaleperpetrators.However,in2018twocasesinvolvedfemaleperpetrators.Inaddition,a17‐statenationalstudy(includingOklahoma),foundthat88%ofhomicide‐suicideincidentswereperformedwithagun.16SimilarlyinOklahoma,88%ofsuch2018incidentswerecommittedwithafirearm.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14Homicide‐suicideandmurder‐suicideareoftenusedinterchangeablyinresearchliterature.15MarzukPM,TardiffK,andHirschCS.“TheEpidemiologyofMurder‐Suicide.”JAMA267,no.23(June17,1992):3179–83.doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480230071031.16Logan,J.,Hill,H.A.,Black,M.L.,Crosby,A.E.,Karch,D.L.,Barnes,J.D.,&Lubell,K.M.(2008).Characteristicsofperpetratorsinhomicide‐followed‐by‐suicideincidents:NationalViolentDeathReportingSystem—17USStates,2003–2005.”AmericanJournalofEpidemiology168,no.9(November1,2008):1056–64.doi:10.1093/aje/kwn213.

SingleHomicide‐Suicide,15 (88%)

MultipleHomicide‐Suicide,2 (12%)

Figure5:Homicide‐SuicideCasesfrom2018

Single Homicide‐Suicide Multiple Homicide‐Suicide


KeyFindingsfor2018

DOMESTICVIOLENCEHOMICIDEANDCHILDREN_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ReviewBoardFindings

TheReviewBoardfocusesonchildhomicidesanddoesnotreviewcasesofchildrenwhodieduetoneglect;theOklahomaChildDeathReviewBoardreviewschilddeathcasesresultingfromneglect.Childhomicidesinclude,butarenotlimitedto,deathsinwhichchildrenarekilledbyparents,step‐parents,fosterparents,grandparents,siblings,uncles,aunts,orcousins.Insomecases,perpetratorskillchildreninthecontextofintimatepartnerhomicide,suchaswhentheperpetratorkillsthechildreninadditiontokillingthepartnerwhowasaparent.TherewerenosuchcasesinOklahomain2018.

In2018,theReviewBoardidentified14children(<18yearsold)whowerekilledbyfamilymembers.Ofthe14children,71%weremalesand29%werefemales.Additionally,50%wereCaucasian,21%wereAfricanAmerican,14%wereNativeAmerican,and14%wereHispanic.Inreferencetoage,64%were≤5yearsold.TheDepartmentofHumanServices,ChildWelfare,hadpriorcontactwiththefamilyin50%ofthechildhomicidecasesoccurringin2018.In57%ofthecases,therewasatleastonepriorchildwelfarereferral.Also,44%ofthechildhomicideperpetratorshadchildwelfareinvolvementaschildrenthemselves.24Table4providesadditionalinformationrelatedtochildhomicidevictimsidentifiedinOklahomabetween2011and2018.

Table4:ChildVictimsofDomesticViolence‐RelatedHomicide(IntimatePartnerandNon‐IntimatePartnerHomicideCases)from2011to2018

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NumberofChildHomicideVictims 18 14 14 18 24 15 11 14

NumberofVictims≤5yrsold 11 11 12 14 16 12 10 9

AgeofYoungestChild 3mo. 2mo. 5mo. <1day 2mo. <1mo. <1mo. 3mo.

AgeofOldestChild 16 16 14 17 15 17 6 17

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

22Jaffe,P.G.&Judois,M.(2006).ChildrenasVictimsandWitnessesofDomesticHomicide:LessonsLearnedfrom

DomesticViolenceDeathReviewCommittees.JuvenileandFamilyCourtJournal.Volume57.Issue3,pp13–28.23Jaffe,P.G.,Campbell,M.Olszowy,L.&Hamilton,L.H.A.(2014).Paternalfilicideinthecontextofdomesticviolence:

challengesinriskassessmentandriskmanagementforcommunityandjusticeprofessionals.ChildAbuseReview,23(2),

pp.142‐153.24OklahomaDepartmentofHumanServicesData.


KeyFindingsfor2018

INTIMATEPARTNERHOMICIDES(IPH)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TheReviewBoardcollectsdatarelatedtointimatepartnerhomicides(IPH).Intimatepartnersarecurrentorformerspousesandcurrentorformerdatingpartners,includingsamesexpartners.IntheUnitedStates,womenaremorelikelytobekilledbyanintimatepartnerthanbyanyothergroupofpeople.2InastudyconductedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,analyzingdatafrom18states(includingOklahoma)between2003and2014,foundthat55%of10,018femalehomicidevictimsinvolveddomesticviolence.Inthesamestudy,victimswerekilledbycurrentorformerintimatepartnersin93%ofthecases.3InOklahoma,44ofthe88(50%)domesticviolence‐relatedhomicidesin2018wereidentifiedasIPHcases.

GenderIn2018,consistentwithpreviousyears,womenweremorelikelythanmentobekilledbyanintimatepartnerthanbyanon‐intimatepartner.Ofthe44IPHvictims,34(77%)werefemaleand10(23%)weremale(Table5).Morethanthree‐quartersofIPHperpetratorsweremale(79%).Onaverage,between2011and2018,two‐thirdsofIPHvictimswerefemaleandone‐thirdweremale(Figure6).

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2,3PetroskyE,BlairJM,BetzCJ,FowlerKA,JackSP,LyonsBH.Racialandethnicdifferencesinhomicidesofadultwomenandtheroleofintimatepartnerviolence—UnitedStates,2003–2014.MMWRMorbMortalWklyRep2017;66:741–746.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6628a1

18

13

17

10 10 11

14

10

28 27 26

29

26 26

23

34

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Figure6.IntimatePartnerHomicidesVictimsbyGenderFrom2011to2018

Male Female


KeyFindingsfor2018


AgeTheaverageageofthe44intimatepartnerhomicide(IPH)victimswas43yearsold.TheyoungestIPHvictimwas19yearsold;theoldestwas80yearsold.TheaverageageofIPHperpetratorswas44yearsold.TheyoungestIPHperpetratorwas18yearsold;theoldestwas82yearsold(Table4).

Race/Ethnicity

Ofthe44IPHvictims,31(70%)wereCaucasian,5(11%)wereAfricanAmerican,4(9%)wereHispanic,2(5%)wereNativeAmerican,and2wereAsian(5%)(Table5).Ofthe44IPHperpetrators,29(66%)wereCaucasian,6(14%)wereAfricanAmerican,4(9%)wereHispanic,3(7%)wereNativeAmerican,and2(5%)wereAsian(Table5).

Table5:IntimatePartnerHomicideDemographicsfrom2018

IPHVictim IPHPerpetrator

Gender Female 34 9Male 10 35Race/Ethnicity Caucasian 31 29AfricanAmerican 5 6NativeAmerican 2 3Hispanic 4 4Asian 2 2Other 0 0Age Under21 1 321to40 17 1841to60 17 17Over60 9 6AverageAge[All] 43.52 44.23


KeyFindingsfor2018


CauseofDeath

Alignedwithnationalresearch,6Oklahomafindingsshowfirearmstobethemostcommonlyusedweaponsinintimatepartnerhomicides(IPH).In2018,56%ofIPHvictimsinOklahomawerekilledbyfirearms(Figure7);morethanhalfofallcausesofdeathcombined.OfUSfirearms,handgunsarethemostcommonlyusedweaponbymalestomurderfemalesinsinglevictim/offendermurders.7Inonestudy,femalesweremorelikelytobemurderedbytheirintimatepartnerswithfirearmsthanbyallothercausescombined.8Otherresearchanalyzingriskfactorsforfemicideinabusiverelationshipsfoundthatanabusedwomanisfivetimesmorelikelytobekilledbyherabusivepartnerwhenherpartnerownsafirearm.9Inaddition,thereappearstobealinkbetweennon-fatalintimatepartnerviolence,firearmownership,andaperpetrator’slikelihoodofusingtheguntothreatenthepartner.10Perpetratorsofintimatepartnerviolenceusegunsastoolsofintimidationandpsychologicalcontroloftheintimatepartner,mostoftenasmeanstothreatenandinstillfear.11__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6Zeoli,A.M.,McCourt,A.,Buggs,S.,Frattaroli,S.,Lilley,D.&Webster,D.W.(2018).AnalysisoftheStrengthofLegalFirearmsRestrictionsforPerpetratorsofDomesticViolenceandTheirAssociationwithIntimatePartnerHomicides.AmericanJournalofEpidemiology2018Jul1;187(7):1449‐1455.doi:10.1093/aje/kwx362

7,8ViolencePolicyCenter(VPC).(2019).WhenMenMurderWomen:AnAnalysisof2017HomicideData.Retrievedfromhttp://vpc.org/studies/wmmw2019.pdf

9CampbellJ.C.,WebsterD.W.,Koziol‐McLainJ.,etal.(2003).Riskfactorsforfemicideinabusiverelationships:resultsfromamultisitecasecontrolstudy.AmericanJournalofPublicHealth.2003;93(7):1089‐1097.

10RothmanE.F.,HemenwayD.,MillerM.,AzraelD.(2005).Batterers'useofgunstothreatenintimatepartners.JAmMedWomens’Assoc2005;60:62–68

11Sorenson,S.B.(2017).GunsinIntimatePartnerViolence:ComparingIncidentsbyTypeofWeapon.JournalofWomen’sHealth,Vol.26,Number3,DOI:10.1089/wh.2016.5832

Firearm,24,56%

Cut/Pierce,10(23%)

BluntForceTrauma(BFT),4 (9%)

Strangulation,1 (3%) Other,4(9%)

Figure7:IPHbyCauseofDeath from2018


KeyFindingsfor2018


RelationshipStatusOnehalfofIPHvictims(50%)werenevermarriedtotheIPHperpetrator(Table6).

Table6:RelationshipofIPHVictimtoPerpetratorfrom2018

Whenperpetratorwasmale,victimwas: NumberofCases %

Spouse 17 49%Ex‐Spouse 1 3%CurrentIntimatePartner(notmarried) 13 37%FormerIntimatePartner(notmarried) 4 11%Total 35

Whenperpetratorwasfemale,victimwas: NumberofCases %

Spouse 3 33%Ex‐Spouse 1 11%CurrentIntimatePartner(notmarried) 3 33%FormerIntimatePartner(notmarried) 2 22%Total 9

LivingArrangements

TheReviewBoardtracksinformationrelatedtothelivingarrangementsbetweentheIPHperpetratorandvictimatthetimeofthehomicide.Ofthe341reviewedIPHcasesfrom1998to2010,thevictimandperpetratorwerecohabitingin55%ofthecases.In2018,theknowndataindicatesthat(43%)ofIPHvictimswerelivingwiththepartneratthetimeofthehomicide.

Separation

Outofthe44IPHvictims,9(20%)werereportedtobeseparatedfromtheIPHperpetratoratthetimeofthehomicideandanadditional4(9%)werereportedtobeintheprocessofseparationjustpriortothehomicide.SincetheReviewBoardhasonlylimitedinformationregardingthenumberofIPHvictimswhomayhavebeentryingtoleaveorwereintheprocessofleavingatthetimeofthehomicidetheactualnumbersmaybehigher.

PriorPhysicalViolence

Ahistoryofpriorphysicalviolenceintherelationshipisdifficulttoascertain.TheReviewBoardreliesonsourcesofinformationsuchaslawenforcementreports,protectiveorderpetitions,prosecutorialrecords,hospitalrecords,andinformationfromfamilyandfriends.However,sincemanyoftheIPHcasesfrom2018arenotyetclosedinthecriminaljusticesystem,prosecutorial


KeyFindingsfor2018

INTIMATEPARTNERHOMICIDE(IPH)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

recordsarenotyetavailableformanycasesatthetimeofthisreport.Inaddition,themajorityofabuseinintimatepartnerrelationshipsisnotreportedtoauthoritiesandvictimsmaynotreporttheirabusetoanyonepriortotheirdeaths.Despitetheselimitations,ananalysisof276reviewedintimatepartnerhomicidecasesbetween1998and2015,foundthat62%ofIPHvictimsexperiencedphysicalviolencebythehomicideperpetratorspriortothehomicides.In2018,availablerecordsindicatethat17(39%)ofthe44IPHvictimsexperiencedphysicalviolencebytheIPHperpetratorspriortothehomicides.

CriminalCharges/ConvictionsrelatedtotheHomicide(IPH)Chargeswerefiledin24(89%)ofthe27IPHcasesinwhichtheperpetratorslived.Theremaining17casesinvolvedthedeathoftheperpetrators.Atthetimeofthisreport,7outof24caseshaveresultedinconvictions,oneacquittal,andoneperpetratordiedafterchargeswerefiled.Theremainingcasesarependinginthecourtsystem(Table7).

Table7:CriminalChargesRelatedtoHomicidesfrom2018

NumberofCases %

1stDegreeMurder 20 45%

2ndDegreeMurder 1 2%

1stDegreeManslaughter 1 2%

2ndDegreeManslaughter 2 5%

NoChargesFiled(PerpetratorLived) 3 7%

NoChargesFiled(PerpetratorDiedatTimeofIncident) 17 39%

Total 44


DomesticViolenceHomicidesbyCountyfrom1998to2018Between1998and2018,1,785victimslosttheirlivestodomesticviolenceinOklahoma;ofthe1,785victims,786(44%)werekilledbyintimatepartners(Table8).

Table8.DomesticViolenceHomicideVictimsByCountyfrom1998to2018*

County DVHomicideIPH

VictimsDV/SAProgram

County DVHomicideIPH

VictimsDV/SAProgram

Adair 15 5 B;S Leflore 41 17 V;BAlfalfa 0 0 Lincoln 15 6 Atoka 9 3 B Logan 13 6 BBeaver 5 1 Love 9 3 Beckham 8 1 B;S Major 1 0 Blaine 3 2 Marshall 6 2 BBryan 23 7 V;B;T Mayes 22 10 Caddo 19 10 B;T McClain 12 7 Canadian 21 10 S;B;T McCurtain 27 13 V;BCarter 33 12 V;B McIntosh 11 5 SCherokee 21 12 V;B;T Murray 4 3 BChoctaw 8 2 T Muskogee 32 22 V;BCimarron 0 0 Noble 3 1 TCleveland 46 22 V;B Nowata 3 2 Coal 5 4 Okfuskee 9 5 BComanche 70 34 V;B;T Oklahoma 405 195 V;B;FCotton 6 4 Okmulgee 24 11 V;B;TCraig 8 5 S Osage 19 13 TCreek 21 10 B Ottawa 14 5 V;B;TCuster 11 6 Pawnee 10 3 TDelaware 29 13 S;B;T Payne 20 9 V;B;TDewey 2 2 S Pittsburg 22 7 V;BEllis 1 1 S Pontotoc 23 13 V;B;TGarfield 18 9 V;B Pottawatomie 34 14 V;B;T;FGarvin 20 4 B Pushmataha 3 1 Grady 23 10 V;B RogerMills 1 1 Grant 1 0 Rogers 23 8 V;BGreer 2 2 Seminole 20 9 V;B;THarmon 1 1 Sequoyah 19 8 Harper 1 1 S Stephens 20 7 V;BHaskell 9 5 S;B Texas 7 2 SHughes 6 0 B Tillman 6 4 Jackson 5 3 V;B Tulsa 366 161 V;B;FJefferson 0 0 Wagoner 23 11 SJohnston 7 2 S;B Washington 23 12 Kay 16 8 V;T Washita 6 4 Kingfisher 2 2 Woods 3 0 SKiowa 3 4 Woodward 4 2 V;BLatimer 4 2 Totals 1,785 786

*“V”AttorneyGeneralCertifiedVictimsProgramand“S”SatelliteAttorneyGeneralCertifiedVictimsProgram;“B”BatterersInterventionProgram;“T”TribalProgram;and“F”FamilyJusticeCenter


DomesticViolenceHomicidesbyDistrictAttorneyDistrictfrom1998to2018

Table9.DomesticViolenceHomicideRateper100,000populationbyDistrictAttorneyDistrictfrom1998to2018

DADistrict

County NumberofDVHomicideVictims

Rateper100,000

District4 Blaine,Canadian,Garfield,Grant,andKingfisher 45 1.07

District26 Alfalfa,Dewey,Major,Woods,andWoodward 12 1.22

District21 Cleveland,Garvin,andMcClain 78 1.22

District9 LoganandPayne 33 1.36

District3 Greer,Harmon,Jackson,Kiowa,andTillman 17 1.51District8 KayandNoble 19 1.56District1 Beaver,Cimarron,Harper,andTexas 11 1.63District24 CreekandOkfuskee 30 1.76District12 Craig,Mayes,andRogers 53 1.84District2 Beckham,Custer,Ellis,RogerMills,andWashita 27 1.90District11 NowataandWashington 26 2.03District27 Adair,Cherokee,Sequoyah,andWagoner 78 2.09District15 Muskogee 32 2.18District10 OsageandPawnee 29 2.19District6 Caddo,Grady,Jefferson,andStephens 62 2.26District23 LincolnandPottawatomie 49 2.28District18 HaskellandPittsburg 31 2.59District7 Oklahoma 405 2.70District25 OkmulgeeandMcIntosh 35 2.81District13 DelawareandOttawa 43 2.83District5 ComancheandCotton 76 2.88District19 Atoka,Bryan,andCoal 37 2.90District14 Tulsa 366 2.92District20 Carter,Johnston,Love,Marshall,andMurray 59 2.95District17 Choctaw,McCurtain,andPushmataha 38 3.02District22 Hughes,Pontotoc,andSeminole 49 3.10District16 LatimerandLeflore 45 3.57


RECOMMENDATIONS

2019Recommendations

WithitscontinuousgoalofreducingdomesticviolencehomicidesinOklahoma,theReviewBoardproposesthreerecommendationsforthefollowingtargetsystemstoimproveoveralldomesticviolenceresponseandincreasepreventionefforts.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________RecommendationOne:TargetSystems:LawEnforcement,Prosecution,Municipalities,Courts,andLegislators

AllmisdemeanorcrimesofdomesticabuseinviolationofstatelawshouldbereferredtotheDistrictAttorneywheretheycanbeprosecutedintheDistrictCourtandnotprocessedwithinthelocalmunicipality.

__________________________________________________________________________________________RecommendationTwo:TargetSystems:LawEnforcement,Prosecution,Courts,VictimServiceProviders,Legislature,Funders,andCollaborativeMultidisciplinaryModelSystems

Agenciesandorganizationsrespondingtodomesticviolencecrimesshouldworkcollaborativelyacrossjurisdictionalanddisciplinarylinestoutilizeresourcesinamannerwhichbestenhancestheprosecutionofoffenders,therebyincreasingoffenderaccountabilitywhilelesseningtheburdenplaceduponvictimstoparticipateinthejusticesystemprocess.

__________________________________________________________________________________________RecommendationThree:TargetSystems:DepartmentofCorrections‐ProbationandParole,DistrictAttorneySupervision,andPrivateSupervisoryAgencies

Allindividualsandagenciesresponsibleforprovidingsupervisionofdomesticabuseoffenderswhileservingprobationaryorparoletermsshouldhavecontinuedspecializedtrainingonthedynamicsofdomesticviolenceanduseenhancedstrategiestoeffectivelymonitordomesticviolenceperpetrators.

Furtherexplanationofeachrecommendationandresourcesareincludedonthepagestofollow.


2019Recommendations

RecommendationOne:TargetSystems:LawEnforcement,Prosecution,Municipalities,Courts,andLegislators

AllmisdemeanorcrimesofdomesticabuseinviolationofstatelawshouldbereferredtotheDistrictAttorneywheretheycanbeprosecutedintheDistrictCourtandnotprocessedwithinthelocalmunicipality.

Rationale:

TheconsistentlyhighratesofdomesticviolencecrimeinOklahomaandtheongoingneedtoensureanadequateresponsebythecriminaljusticesystemtowardthegoalofpreventingtheescalationofviolencetowardintimatepartnersresultinginlethaluseofforce,requiresacalculated,consistentanddirectapproach.RecognizingthefatalimpactofDrivingWhileUndertheInfluenceofAlcohol(DUI)repeatoffenses,theOklahomalegislatureunderTitle47O.S.§11‐902(C)(7),mandatedthat“inanycaseinwhichadefendantischargedwithinanymunicipalitywithamunicipalcourtotherthanacourtofrecord,thechargeshallbepresentedtothecounty’sDistrictAttorneyandfiledwiththedistrictcourtofthecountywithinwhichthemunicipalityislocated.”

Thedynamicsofdomesticviolenceincluderepeatbehaviorovertime,oftenwithescalatingactsofviolence.

SimilartotherequirementsforthosechargedwiththecrimeofDUI,ataminimum,domesticabusecrimesshouldbechargedwherethereisanofficialrecordoftheoffense.Thismaybeusedtoenhancefuturerepeatcrimes,andthecrimesshouldbehandledinaconsistent,seriousmanneracrossthestateattheDistrictCourtlevel.Municipalitiesvaryintheirabilitytoimposepenaltiesbasedontheirsetordinances.Allarelimitedtochargingmisdemeanorcrimes,whichcarryforacourtofrecordamaximumof6monthsimprisonmentandafineofupto$2,500,andforacourtnotofrecordamaximumof60daysimprisonmentandafineofupto$750(SeeTitle11O.S.§14-111).Repeatoffensesthencarrythesamepunishmentrangenomatterhowmanypriorchargesorconvictionsexist.

AmisdemeanorlevelchargeofdomesticabuseperstatestatuteunderTitle21O.S.644(C)carriesapunishmentrangeattheDistrictCourtlevelofupto1yearimprisonmentandafineofupto$5,000andasubsequentoffensemaybechargedasafelonycarryingapunishmentrangeofupto4yearsimprisonmentandafineofupto$5,000.Alternativemisdemeanorandfelonychargesareavailabletoprosecutorsatthestateleveldependingonadditionalelementspresent.Furthermore,convictionsofdomesticabuseatthestatelevelrequiretheattendanceofa52‐weekbatterer


2019Recommendations

interventionprogramcertifiedbytheOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneralasaconditionofaprobationaryterm,whichmaybesupervisedandviolationsenforcedbytheDistrictCourtjudge.

Implementation:

ThisrecommendationcanbeaccomplishedthroughcollaborativeeffortsamongmunicipallawenforcementagenciesandcourtswithDistrictAttorneysandDistrictCourtstosetforthproceduresthatacknowledgetheseriousnatureofdomesticabusecrimes.State,local,andfederalresourcesarebeingutilizedinlocationsacrossthestatetoensureprosecutorsandcourtsareequippedtorespondinthemostappropriatewayswhilehandlingdomesticviolenceprosecution,issuingmeaningfulimprisonmentand/orprobationaryterms,andmonitoringoffendersaftersentencingthroughcompliancereviewdockets.TheDistrictCourtsinOklahomaarebetterequippedthanmunicipalcourtstoensuremoreconsistencyinsentencing,theavailabilityofgreaterpenaltiesforgreatercrimes,andmoreaccountabilityforrepeatoffenders.Tofurtherstatewideconsistency,theOklahomalegislatureshouldconsiderstatutoryamendmentsrequiringthepresentmentofmisdemeanordomesticabusecrimesbyamunicipalitytotheDistrictCourt.

Resources:

NationalDomesticViolenceProsecutionBestPracticesGuide,NationalDistrictAttorneysAssociation:https://ndaa.org/wp‐content/uploads/NDAA‐DV‐White‐Paper‐FINAL‐revised‐July‐17‐2017‐1.pdfNationalJudicialInstituteonDomesticViolence:https://www.njidv.org/CenterforCourtInnovation:https://www.courtinnovation.org/programs/domestic‐violence‐court


2019RecommendationsRecommendationTwo:TargetSystems:LawEnforcement,Prosecution,Courts,VictimServiceProviders,Legislature,Funders,andCollaborativeMultidisciplinaryModelSystems

Agenciesandorganizationsrespondingtodomesticviolencecrimesshouldworkcollaborativelyacrossjurisdictionalanddisciplinarylinestoutilizeresourcesinamannerwhichbestenhancestheprosecutionofoffenders,therebyincreasingoffenderaccountabilitywhilelesseningtheburdenplaceduponvictimstoparticipateinthejusticesystemprocess.

Rationale:

Local,state,federal,andtriballawsdifferjustasdisciplinesservingvictimsdifferinthevarioussystems.Thesedifferencescreategapsinresponsesandmayresultinundueburdensplaceduponvictimsofdomesticabusebeyondviolenceandcoercionbytheperpetrators.Domesticviolenceperpetratorsusethosesystemshortcomingstofurtherintimidateandharassvictims,oftencausingreluctancetoparticipateintheprosecutionofacaseandmoreopportunityforperpetratorstoavoidpenalties.

However,creativepartnershipsacrossjurisdictionsanddisciplinescanfillthosegapsandenhanceaccountabilityforperpetrators,resultinginmoresafetyforvictimsandtheirfamilies.Suchcollaborationsincludestateandfederalpartnershipslike“Operation922”,explainedfurtherintheSpotlightsectionofthereport(page28),wherebyfederalprosecutionoffirearmsviolationshascreatedamoretargetedsystemresponsetodomesticviolenceoffenderswherestatelawislimitedandwhereinvictimsarelesslikelytobeaskedtoparticipatesinceevidenceofthecrimeisnotreliantuponvictimtestimony.Suchpartnershipsarecreatedthroughjointeffortsbylocalandfederallawenforcementandstateandfederalprosecutors,andarestrengthenedbymultidisciplinaryresponsemodelssuchasFamilyJusticeCentersandCoordinatedCommunityResponseTeams.

Anadditionalexampleofacross‐disciplinarycollaborativeresponseistheuseofexpertwitnessesintheprosecutionofdomesticabusecrimesandincivilcaseswheredomesticabuseisalleged.Expertsmayoffercourttestimonyincluding,butnotlimitedto,theeffectsofdomesticabuseonthebeliefs,behavior,andperceptionofthepersonbeingabused(Title22O.S.§40.7).Explainingthedynamicsofdomesticviolenceanditseffectsonvictimsiscrucialtotheprovisionofcontextinaproceeding,eithercriminalorcivil,wherevictimbehaviormayseemcounterintuitivetoajudgeorjury.Successful“Evidence‐BasedProsecution”,relyingonevidenceotherthanvictimtestimonytoprovetheelementsofthecrime,isoftenaccomplishedwiththeuseofexperttestimonytoexplainvictimbehavior,suchasreluctancetoreport,recantingreportsofabuse,choosingnottotestifyor


2019Recommendations

reunitingwithanabuser,amongothers.Theuseofexpertsmaybeaccomplishedthroughcoordinationacrossdisciplines.

Implementation:

Formalizedworkacrossdisciplinesandjurisdictionsiskeytotheimplementationofongoingmeaningfuleffortstoclosegapsandimprovethesystemresponse.CoordinatedCommunityResponseTeamsandFamilyJusticeCentersexistinmostpartsofOklahoma,andtheircontinuedeffortsshouldincludeevaluationofagency,organizational,andjurisdictionalrolestoidentifystrengthsandweaknesses,aswellasavailableresources,includingstateandfederalfundsnotyetutilizedtoimprovetheoverallsystemresponsetodomesticviolence.

Prosecutorsshouldregularlyconnectwithvictimadvocatesandcounselorstoconsultonthedynamicsofacaseortorequestexperttestimonyduringahearingortrial.Advocates,counselors,lawenforcementofficers,andotherswithexperienceandeducationspecifictodomesticabusedynamicsshouldbeavailabletoprovideeducationtoprosecutorsandtotestifyincourt.

Resources:

TheNationalDomesticViolenceandFirearmsResourceCenter:https://www.bwjp.org/our‐work/projects/firearms‐project.htmlTheUseofExpertTestimonyinIntimatePartnerHomicide,apublicationofVAWnet:TheNationalOnlineResourceCenteronViolenceAgainstWomen:https://vawnet.org/material/use‐expert‐testimony‐intimate‐partner‐violenceExcerptfromPraxisInternational’sBlueprintforSafetyontheUseofExpertWitnessesinDomesticViolenceCases:http://praxisinternational.org/wp‐content/uploads/2016/02/BPSupp5CTrainingMemo‐UseofExpertWitnessesinDomesticViolenceCases.pdfOklahomaDistrictAttorneysCouncil–CoordinatedCommunityResponseTeamResources:https://www.ok.gov/dac/Training/Coordinated_Community_Response_Teams/index.htmlOklahomaFamilyJusticeCenters:

TulsaFamilySafetyCenter:https://fsctulsa.org/ OneSafePlace(FamilyJusticeCenter,Shawnee):http://fjc.osgov.us/ Palomar(OklahomaCity’sFamilyJusticeCenter):https://palomarokc.org/ ComingSoon…CanadianCountyFamilyJusticeCenter


2019Recommendations

RecommendationThree:TargetSystems:DepartmentofCorrections‐ProbationandParole,DistrictAttorneySupervision,andPrivateSupervisoryAgenciesAllindividualsandagenciesresponsibleforprovidingsupervisionofdomesticabuseoffenderswhileservingprobationaryorparoletermsshouldhavecontinuedspecializedtrainingonthedynamicsofdomesticviolenceanduseenhancedstrategiestoeffectivelymonitordomesticviolenceperpetrators.

Rationale:

TheReviewBoardovertheyears(2002,2007,2008,2009,2010,and2012)hasmademanyrecommendationstargetingtheworkofprofessionalswithintheprobationandparoleportionofthecriminaljusticesystem.Thoserecommendationshaveincludedsuggestionsforscreeningofprobationersforlethalityindicatorsatintakeandpriortoreleasetothecommunity;trainingonthedynamicsofdomesticabuseandusageofdangerassessmenttools;documentationandreportingofincidentsofdomesticviolence;notificationofprotectiveorderproceedingsinvolvingprobationers;and,makingappropriatevictimreferralsforserviceswithinthecommunity.Themajorityofdomesticviolenceoffendersreceiveprobationarytermsasapartoftheircourtorderedsentences.TheseoffendersareoftenassignedtobesupervisedbytheDepartmentofCorrectionsProbationandParoleofficers,DistrictAttorneySupervision,orprivatesupervisoryagencies.Recognizingtheriskandlethalityfactorsinvolved,ithasbecomestandardizedthatlawenforcementofficersperformalethalityassessmentuponfirstinvestigatingacrimeofdomesticabuse.However,assessingdangerousnessandlethalityshouldalsobecomeanongoingstandardizedpracticewhenoffendersareservingprobationaryorparoleterms.

TheReviewBoardhasrecognizedincidentsduringcasereviewsindicatingincreasedsupervisionofoffendersorreportingofprobationaryviolationsmayhaveresultedinanopportunitytointervenepriortothehomicides.Probationofficersshouldmaintaincontactwithvictimsandmakeservicereferralsasnecessaryforvictimsafety,performevidence‐basedlethalityandriskassessmentsofoffenders,routinelycheckfornewarrestsorprotectiveorderfilings,requestupdatesonthestatusofbattererinterventionprogramattendance,andreportviolationstotheproperauthorities.

Implementation:

TheDepartmentofCorrectionsProbationandParoleDivision,DistrictAttorneys,andprivateprobationaryagenciesshouldworktogethertodeveloptraininganduniformprotocolsforofficerssupervisingdomesticviolenceoffenders.Thoseentitiesshouldalsocollaboratewithmembersof


localCoordinatedCommunityResponseTeamsandFamilyJusticeCenterswhomaybeabletoprovidetrainingandresources,aswellassharehelpfulinformationtomaintainongoingstatusupdatesonoffenders.Probationofficersandbattererinterventionprogramfacilitatorsshouldregularlycommunicateaboutoffendersorderedtocompletetheprogramwhoarealsosupervisedduringaprobationaryterm.Towardthegoalofmeaningfuloffenderaccountability,violationsofprobationarytermsshouldbedocumentedandreportedtoDistrictAttorneysforpossiblecourtsanctions.

Resources:

BatteredWomen’sJusticeProject:https://www.bwjp.org/our‐work/projects/probation‐project.html

CommunityCorrectionsResponsetoDomesticViolence:GuidelinesforPractice,apublicationoftheAmericanProbationandParoleAssociation:https://www.appa‐net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/pubs/CCRDV.pdf


UpdateOnSelectedPriorRecommendations

MAKINGADIFFERENCEINOKLAHOMA_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Since2002,theReviewBoardhassubmittedrecommendationsbasedonintensivecasereviewandanalysisoftrends.However,theReviewBoard’sroleofdevelopinganddisseminatingrecommendationsisonlythefirststeptoenactingvalidreform.Oncerecommendationsaremade,theReviewBoardisoptimisticsystemswillusetheinformationtoimplementpractice,protocol,andpolicychangesintheircommunities.WeexpectthelegislaturetoconsidertheserecommendationstoguideanylegislationrelatedtodomesticviolenceinOklahoma.TheReviewBoardworkstofacilitateimplementationoftherecommendations.Overtheyears,manyrecommendationshavebeenfullyorpartiallyimplementedinOklahoma,whileothershaveyettobeimplemented.ThefollowingsectionprovidesanupdaterelatedtorecommendationsmadebytheReviewBoardinrecentyears.

1. ALLSystemsPRIORRECOMMENDATION

[2018] LethalityRiskTrainingforAllSystems

[2016] EnhanceconsistentandsafeimplementationoftheLethalityAssessmentProgram(LAP)inOklahoma

UPDATE

TheLethalityAssessmentProgram(LAP)TaskForce,establishedinSeptember2017,includesmemberrepresentationfromlawenforcement,includingCLEET,domesticviolenceserviceprovideragencies,tribalagencies,aLAPresearcherfromtheUniversityofOklahoma,HealthSciencesCenter,theDistrictAttorneysCouncil,andtheOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral.ThegoalsofthetaskforcearetocollectdatatoevaluatetheLAPoutcomes,enhanceuniformityofpractices,andprovidetrainingandtechnicalassistancetolawenforcementanddomesticviolenceserviceprovideragencies.

In2019,theDistrictAttorneysCouncil,inconjunctionwithCLEET,hostednumeroustrainingsincommunitiesacrossthestateontheLAP.Also,duringregionalmultidisciplinarytrainingsfocusedonvictimsrights,membersoftheTaskForcepresentedontheLAP.TheTaskForcehasconductedsurveysofvictimserviceagencies,lawenforcementagencies,andotherstoevaluatethestatewideimplementationoftheLAPandtoidentifyadditionaltrainingandtechnicalassistanceneeds.Moreworkisalwaysneeded;however,theworkoftheTaskForcehascreatedmeaningfulpartnershipsbetweenlawenforcementandvictimserviceagenciesinallpartsofthestate,resultinginbettersupportforvictimsofdomesticabuse.FormoreinformationonLAPtrainingandtechnicalassistanceforyouragency,pleasecontacttheVictimServicesUnitoftheAttorneyGeneral’sOfficeortheDistrictAttorneysCouncilTrainingDivision.


UpdateonSelectedPriorRecommendations

MAKINGADIFFERENCEINOKLAHOMA_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Judiciary

Thejudiciaryiscriticaltothesafetyandwell‐beingoffamiliesinOklahoma.Decisionsmadebythejuvenile,family,protectiveorder,andcriminalcourtshavethepotentialtoeitherenhanceordiminishsafetyforvictimsofdomesticviolenceandtheirchildren.RecognizingthevitalroleofthejudiciaryincreatingsafetyforOklahomafamilies,theReviewBoardhasmademultiplerecommendationsforjudgesspanningseveralyears.However,theneedforjudicialtrainingandthedevelopmentofjudicialresourcescontinuestobeanoverarchingpriorityfortheReviewBoard.TheReviewBoardhastheopportunitytoreviewcourtrecordsrelatedtoeachcase,includingthevictimandperpetratorpriorcriminal,juvenile,andfamilycourthistory,andprotectiveorderhistory.Throughthisprocess,theReviewBoardrecognizesthecontinuedurgentneedforjudicialtrainingasevidencedemonstratingchangesinjudicialpracticetoenhancesafetyforfamilies.PRIORRECOMMENDATIONS

Amongthenumerousrecommendationsdirectedtowardthejudiciarysince1998,theReviewBoardhasprioritizedthedevelopmentofadomesticviolencebenchbooktoguideOklahomajudgesincivil,juvenile,andcriminalcourtproceedingsinvolvingdomesticviolence.

[2014] DevelopajudicialbenchbooktoprovideguidancetoOklahomajudgesindomesticviolencecases.

[2008and2009] Makejudgesawareofandtrainthemonhowtoutilizebenchcardsinprotectiveordercases.

[2007] Utilizeabenchcardforjudgeshandlingprotectiveorderstoassistthecourtinrecognizingredflagsandpotentialdanger.

[2005] Developbenchcardsforjudgeshandlingprotectiveorderstoassistjudgesinrecognizingredflagsanddangerpotentialincases.

UPDATE

TheOklahomaCountyBarAssociationLawyersAgainstDomesticAbuseCommittee(LADC)iscontinuallyworkingtodevelopacomprehensivedomesticviolencebenchbookforOklahomaJudges.Thisresourceisestimatedtobepublishedwithinthenextyearandwillbedisseminatedstatewidetoalljudges.


Spotlight

HomicidePreventionInitiativesinOklahoma“Operation922”

TheOklahomaCountyDistrictAttorney’sOfficereviewsabout3,000domesticviolencecasesperyearandprosecutesapproximately1,500cases,includingbothfelonyandmisdemeanoroffenses.Thisisadauntingcaseloadforwhichlimitedpersonnelandresourcesexistatthestateandlocallevels.InNovember2017,LoriHines,DeputyCriminalChief,UnitedStatesAttorney’sOffice(USAO)fortheWesternDistrictofOklahoma,realizedthatalthoughmanyofthesedefendantschargedinstatecourtwereviolent,multiplepriorcrimestheyhadcommittedhadnotresultedinmeaningfulsanctions.Thiswasduetoamyriadofchallengescommontodomesticviolencecasesincludingevidentiaryissues,victimswhomaybereluctanttoprosecuteduetoeconomicissues(suchasthelossofa“breadwinner”),victimdesiretokeepafamilyintact,andotherfactorssuchasheavycaseloadsfortheprosecutorsandlimitedstatelaws.Yet,domesticviolencecasesrepresentedasignificantportionofalltheviolentcrimesoccurringinthedistrictwithnumerousexamplesofchronicrepeatoffendersandrepeatvictims.

FollowingareviewoftheolderandmoredifficultcasespendingattheDistrictAttorney’sOffice,withthesupportofthenActingUSAttorneyTroester,theleadershipteamwithintheUSAObegantoreconsidertheirroleinaddressingdomesticviolenceasapriorityfortheViolentCrimesDivision.Thereviewofthedomesticviolence‐relatedincidentsrevealedthatmanyinvolvedviolationsoffederalfirearmslaws.Examplesincludedfelonsinpossessionofafirearm,violationsofaVictimProtectionOrder,andincidentsinvolvingfirearmsandillegaldrugs.Thecommitmenttoconsiderfederalprosecutionindomesticviolence‐relatedfirearmsincidentswasfurthersupportedbythecollaborativescreeningofcasesinvestigatedbytheOklahomaCityPoliceDepartment(OCPD),theDistrictAttorney’sOffice,andtheBureauofAlcohol,Tobacco,FirearmsandExplosives.Theco‐locationoftheOCPDDomesticViolenceUnitinthePalomarFamilyJusticeCenterassistedinprioritizinghigh‐riskoffendersforfederalprosecution.

WithpriorProjectSafeNeighborhoods(PSN)grantfundedprograms,theUSAOfortheWesternDistrictofOklahomafollowedthatpredominantstrategybyfocusingonaspecific,limitedgeographicareatotargetviolentcrime.Asisoftenthecasewithsuchstrategies,thisresultedintargetinghigh‐crimeareaswhichweregenerallyminoritycommunitieswithlowincome,highunemployment,andlittleeducation.However,domesticviolenceoccursinallneighborhoodsandisnotconfinedtoanygeographic,economic,ethnic,educational,orothersimilarparameter.


Consequently,inresponsetotheidentifiedneedtointervene,theWesternDistrictofOklahoma’scurrentPSNinitiativetargetsdomesticviolencederivedcases,includingviolationsof18U.S.C.§922(g)(8)and(g)(9).Theinitiativeistitled“Operation922”.Whenasubjectisinpossessionofafirearm1)whilesubjecttoaVictimProtectiveOrder,2)afterapriormisdemeanorconvictionfordomesticassaultandbattery,or3)afterapriorfelonyconviction,theUSAOcanprosecutethatfirearmsoffense.Asnotedabove,theUSAOisactivelyinvolvedinweeklycasescreeningsandcanworkwithlocalpartnerstoprioritizecasesandmakedeterminationswhetherfederalorstateprosecutionmakesthemostsense.Thisstrategyofprosecutingoffenderswithacriminalhistoryofdomesticviolence(includingmisdemeanorconvictions),andthosesubjecttoaVictimProtectiveOrder,hasproventobesuccessfulformanyreasons.First,thisstrategyfillsavoidinstatelaw.Unlikeunderfederallaw,Oklahomadoesnothavealawthatprohibitsapersonsubjecttoaprotectiveorder,orwhohasapriorconvictionformisdemeanordomesticassaultandbattery,frompossessingafirearm.Thefederallawscanresultinthearrest,prosecution,andincarcerationofasubjectforuptotenyears.TheWesternDistrictofOklahoma’sstrategytochargetheviolentoffenderswhopossessfirearmsservesasaprosecutionforcemultiplierbychargingfelonyfirearmscaseswherethatoptionisnotavailabletostateprosecutors.

Second,thisstrategyprotectsvictims.Thisoccursinseveralways.Federalprosecutionbringsmeaningfulpretrialdetentionormonitoring.Italsobringsspeedytrials,promptcaseresolutions,andcertainsentences.Thisprovidesopportunitiesforlawenforcementtobreakthecycleofviolence,extracthigh‐riskoffendersfromthescenes,andprovide“breathingroom”forvictims.TheenforcementfocusiscoupledwithcomprehensiveservicesandsupportprovidedbyagenciesembeddedwithinthePalomarFamilyJusticeCenter.TheWesternDistrictofOklahoma’sprosecutionofthesecasesasfederalfirearmsviolationsalsoprotectsthevictimsfromtheuncomfortablenecessitytotestifyaboutthespecificabusebythedefendantbecausethefederalprosecutionfocusesontheillegalpossessionofthefirearm.Finally,thisstrategyimprovesofficersafety.Thisisbasedonexperiencedemonstratingthatdomesticviolencecallsareknowntobesomeofthemostvolatilesituationsforrespondingofficers.Closingthegapsandapproachingdomesticviolenceinaunifiedmannerwillsavelivesofvictimsandofficersalike,aswellastimeandfunds.

ForfurtherinformationaboutOperation922,pleasecontactDeputyCriminalChiefLoriHinesat

(405)553‐8853.


AppendixAOklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard

OklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoardLegislationTheOklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard(“ReviewBoard”)isastatutorybody,enabledbytheOklahomalegislatureunder22O.S.§§1601‐1603.LegislationcreatingtheReviewBoardtookeffectin2001.

MissionStatementThemissionoftheReviewBoardistoreducethenumberofdomesticviolence‐relateddeathsinOklahoma.TheReviewBoardwillperformmulti‐disciplinaryreviewofstatisticaldataobtainedfromsourceswithinthejurisdictionand/orhavingdirectinvolvementwiththehomicides.Usingtheinformationderived,theReviewBoardwillidentifycommoncharacteristicsanddeveloprecommendationstoimprovethesystemsofagenciesandorganizationsinvolvedtobetterprotectandservevictimsofdomesticabuse.

BoardMembersPreviously,theReviewBoardhasbeencomposedofeighteen(18)members(ordesignees).AsofNovember1,2019,theReviewBoardiscomposedoftwenty(20)membersasfollows:

1. Eightofthemembersshallbe:a. ChiefMedicalExaminer;b. DesigneeoftheOfficeofAttorneyGeneral,VictimServicesUnit;c. StateCommissionerofHealth;d. StateDepartmentofHealth,Director,InjuryPreventionServices;e. Director,DepartmentofHumanServices;f. Director,OklahomaStateBureauofInvestigation;g. Commissioner,DepartmentofMentalHealthandSubstanceAbuseServices;andh. ExecutiveDirector,OfficeofJuvenileAffairs.

2. TenReviewBoardmembersareappointedbytheAttorneyGeneral,eachservetermsoftwo(2)

years,andareeligibleforreappointment.EachofthenominatingagenciessubmitthenamesofthreenomineesforconsiderationofappointmentbytheAttorneyGeneral

a. ASheriff(OklahomaSheriff’sAssociation);b. AChiefofamunicipalpolicedepartment(OklahomaAssociationofChiefsofPolice);c. AnattorneylicensedinOklahomawhoisinprivatepractice(OklahomaCountyBar

Association);d. ADistrictAttorney(DistrictAttorneysCouncil);e. Aphysician(OklahomaStateMedicalAssociation);f. Aphysician(OklahomaOsteopathicAssociation);g. Anurse(OklahomaNursesAssociation;



h. Adomesticviolenceadvocate(OklahomaCoalitionAgainstDomesticViolenceand

SexualAssault);i. Adomesticviolencesurvivor(OklahomaCoalitionAgainstDomesticViolenceand

SexualAssault);j. Atribaldomesticviolenceadvocate(NativeAllianceAgainstViolence);k. Atribaldomesticviolencesurvivor(NativeAllianceAgainstViolence);andl. Ajudge(OklahomaSupremeCourt).

WhatTypesofCasesareReviewed?TheReviewBoardidentifiesandreviewsdomesticviolence‐relatedhomicidesthatoccurinOklahoma.TheReviewBoardidentifiesandreportsonawidearrayofdomesticviolencecases,includingintimatepartnerhomicidesandfamilyhomicidescommittedbyfamilymemberswhoarenotintimatepartners,androommates.Familymembersinclude,butarenotlimitedto,parents,fosterparents,children,siblings,grandparents,grandchildren,aunts,uncles,andcousins.TheReviewBoard’suseofsuchawidedefinitionisconsistentwiththeOklahomastatutorydefinitionofdomesticabuse(22O.S.§60.1.):

"Domesticabuse"meansanyactofphysicalharm,orthethreatofimminentphysicalharmwhichiscommittedbyanadult,emancipatedminor,orminorchildthirteen(13)yearsofageorolderagainstanotheradult,emancipatedminororminorchildwhoarefamilyorhouseholdmembersorwhoareorwereinadatingrelationship.Inadditiontotherelationshipsdefinedinstatute,theReviewBoardalsoidentifiesandreportsondomesticviolence‐relatedhomicidesthatincludevictimfatalitiesinwhichahomicideperpetratorkillsanon‐familymember,suchasabystanderorGoodSamaritan(non‐involvedpersonwhointervenesonbehalfofavictim).

CaseReviewProcessThefatalityreviewprocessissimilartoapublichealthmodelthatpromotesandprotectsthehealthofpeopleandthecommunitieswheretheylive,learn,work,andplay.TheReviewBoardcollectsinformationrelatedtocasesfromvarioussources,includingthemedicalexaminer(autopsies),criminalandcivilcourtdocuments,lawenforcementagencies,DistrictAttorneys,DepartmentofHumanServices,mentalhealthagencies,hospitals,battererinterventionprograms,andmediareports.Insomecases,whenappropriate,theReviewBoardwillobtainbackgroundinformationfromsurvivingfamilymembers,friends,andothers.BecausetheReviewBoardconductsin‐depthreviews,theyareonlyabletoreviewaportionoftheoverallnumberofqualifyingdomesticviolencehomicidesinanygivenyear.TheProgramManagermonitorstheremainderofthecases.TheReviewBoarddiscussesselectedcasesduringmonthlyclosed,confidentialmeetings.TheReviewBoardstrivestofindwaysinwhichthesystemcouldhavebetterservedthedeceasedvictimspriortotheirdeathsandsurvivingfamilymembers.



TheReviewProcess:

Reviewthecircumstancesandcontextofthedeath; Establishatimelineofeventsleadinguptothedeath; Identifypossiblelethalityriskfactors(“redflags”); Determinewhichagencieswereinvolvedwiththehomicideperpetrator,victim,and

childrenpriortothedeath; Identifyagenciesandsystemresponse; Identifycollaborationandcommunicationbetweentheagenciesinvolved; Identifyagencies’useofevidence‐basedbestpractices; Identifyvictimchallengesandbarrierstoobtaininghelp(suchaslanguage,income,

transportation,culturalbeliefs,andvalues); Identifypossiblegapsinthesystemresponsetodomesticviolence(suchascriminaljustice,

protectiveorder,juvenile/familycourt,lawenforcement,judiciary,andchildwelfare);and Ask,“Isthereanythingthatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlytoimprovethesystemicand/or

communityresponsetothevictimand/orperpetrator?”

ReviewBoardRecommendationsTheReviewBoardusesdataandinformationfromin‐depthcasereviewstodevelopannualrecommendations.Recommendationsarecriticaltoimprovingourcommunities’abilitytorespondeffectivelytodomesticviolence,andenhancesafetyandaccesstoresourcesforsurvivors.Recommendationsaredevelopedandpresentedasbroad,ratherthancasespecific,suggestionsforprofessionalsandsystemstoaddressthepressingissueofdomesticviolence.Additionally,theReviewBoardmonitorsupdatesonrecommendationsmadeinpreviousyears.

TheReviewBoardmakesrecommendationsbasedoncasesreviewedinthecalendaryear.However,actualhomicidesreviewedinanygivencalendaryearmaynotnecessarilyhaveoccurredinthesameyearasthereview.Sincethecasemustfirstbeclosedinthecriminaljusticesystem,thereisusuallyadelaybetweenthetimetheactualhomicideoccurredandwhenthecaseisreviewed.Aclosedcaseisoneinwhichthehomicideperpetratorisdeceasedorhasgonethroughinitialcourtproceedings.Theexceptionisinthecaseofmurder‐suicideorfamilicide.Withnosurvivingperpetrators,therearenocriminallegalproceedings.Therefore,theReviewBoardreviewsthesecasesincloserproximitytotheactualtimethedeatheventoccurred. TheReviewBoardisoptimisticthatsystems,organizations,andagenciesinvolvedinthesafetyofvictims,andinholdingperpetratorsofdomesticviolenceaccountablefortheirviolentandabusivebehavior,willreviewandimplementtherecommendationsinasustainedcommunityefforttopreventhomicideandincreasethequalityoflifeforfamiliesinOklahoma.



DisseminationofReviewBoardFindingsandRecommendationsEachyear,theReviewBoarddisseminatesfindingsintheformofanannualstatisticalreporttothelegislatureaswellasnumerousagencies,organizations,andotherstakeholdersinOklahoma.

ConfidentialityEffectivecasereviewrequiresaccesstorecordsandreportspertainingtovictimsandperpetrators.TheReviewBoardcollectsandmaintainsallinformationinaconfidentialmannerinaccordancewith22O.S.§1601.Perstatute,theReviewBoarddoesnotreportpersonallyidentifyinginformationandinsteadreportsde-identifiedandaggregateddatatomaintaintheconfidentialityandprivacyofdomesticviolence‐relatedhomicidevictimsandtheirfamilies.Whenappropriate,theReviewBoardinvitesvictims’familiestoappearbeforetheReviewBoardtotelltheirstories.Theirnamesremainconfidential.


AppendixBDomesticViolenceLethality‐ScreenforFirstResponders

Officer: Date: Case#:

Victim: Offender: Relationship:

Address of Incident: Date and Time of Incident:

____ Check here if the victim did not answer any of these questions.

A “Yes” response to any of Questions 1‐5 automatically triggers the protocol referral.

1. Has the person ever threatened to use or used a weapon against the victim? ___ Yes ____No ____Refused

2. Has the person ever threatened to kill the victim or the children of the victim? ___ Yes ____No ____Refused

3. Has the person ever tried to choke the victim? ___ Yes ____No ____Refused

4. Has the person ever tried or threatened to kill him/herself? ___ Yes ____No ____Refused

5. Does the victim think the person will try to kill the victim? ___ Yes ____No ____Refused

Negative responses to Question 1‐5 but positive responses to at least three of Questions #6‐11 trigger the protocol referral.

6. Does the person have a gun or can he/she get one easily? ___ Yes ____No ___Refused

7. Is the person violently or constantly jealous or does the person attempt to ___ Yes ____No ___Refused control most of the daily activities of the victim?

8. Does the person follow or spy on the victim or leave the victim threatening ___ Yes ____No ___Refused or unwanted messages, phone calls or text messages?

9. Does the victim have any children the person knows is not his/her own child? ___ Yes ____No ____Refused

10. Has the victim left or separated from the person after living together or ___ Yes ____No ____Refused being married?

11. Is the person unemployed? ___ Yes ____No ____Refused

An officer may trigger the protocol referral, if not already triggered above, as a result of the victim’s response to the below question, or whenever the officer believes the victim is in a potentially lethal situation.

Is there anything else that worries the victim about his or her safety? If so, what worries the victim?

Check one: ____ Victim screened in according to the protocol ____ Victim screened in based on the belief of the officer ____ Victim did not screen in

If victim screened in: Did the officer contact the local OAG Certified DV/SA Program or Tribal DV/SA Program? ___ Yes ____No If “no” state why: _______________________________________________________________________________ If the officer is unable to make contact with a hotline advocate at the local program after at least two attempts within a 10 minute period, contact the State SAFELINE at 1‐800‐522‐SAFE (7233). After advising the victim of high risk for danger/lethality, did the victim speak with the hotline advocate? ___ Yes ___No Note: The questions above and the criteria for determining the level of risk a person faces is based on the best available research on factors associated with lethal violence by a current or former intimate partner. However, each situation may present unique factors that influence risk for lethal violence that are not captured by this screen. Although most victims who screen “positive” or “high danger” would not be expected to be killed, these victims face much higher risk than of other victims of intimate partner violence.


AppendixCResourcesforProfessionals

TheDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoardhascompiledalistoflocalandnationaldomesticviolenceresourcesthatprofessionalsmightfindhelpfulintheirworkandthatwillinformandsupportdomesticviolenceinterventionandpreventionefforts,promotebestpracticesandstrategiestoimproveourcollectiveresponsetodomesticviolence.

LOCALRESOURCES

OKLAHOMACOALITIONAGAINSTDOMESTICVIOLENCEANDSEXUALASSAULT405‐524‐0700•http://ocadvsa.org/TheOklahomaCoalitionAgainstDomesticViolenceandSexualAssaultisanonprofitorganizationthatworkstoorganizeandmobilizedomesticviolencememberprogramstopreventandeliminatesexualanddomesticviolenceandstalkinginOklahomaandIndianCountry.ThewebsiteprovidesinformationrelatedtotheactivitiesoftheOCADVSAandofferslinkstodomesticviolence,sexualassault,andstalkingtrainingmaterialsforadvocates,lawenforcement,mentalhealth,battererinterventionprograms,andmore.Alistofdomesticviolencememberprogramsisprovided.

NATIVEALLIANCEAGAINSTVIOLENCE

405‐801‐2277•https://oknaav.org/TheNativeAllianceAgainstViolence(NAAV),isanonprofitorganizationoperatingasOklahoma’sonlytribaldomesticviolenceandsexualassaultcoalition.TheNAAVservesOklahoma’sfederallyrecognizedtribesandtheirtribalprogramsthatprovidevictimswiththeprotectionandservicestheyneedtopursuesafeandhealthylives.TheNAAVwebsitecontainsalistoftribaldomesticviolenceprogramsinOklahomaandotherinformationalresources.

NATIONALRESOURCES

NATIONALRESOURCECENTERONDOMESTICVIOLENCE1‐800‐537‐2238•www.nrcdv.organdwww.vawnet.orgTheNationalResourceCenteronDomesticViolence(NRCDV)isacomprehensivesourceofinformationforthosewantingtoeducatethemselvesandhelpothersonthemanyissuesrelatedtodomesticviolence.Keyinitiativesworktoimprovecommunityresponsetodomesticviolenceand,ultimately,preventitsoccurrence.NRCDVhasmanyresourcesavailabletoassistintheplanningofdomesticviolenceinterventionandpreventioneffortsandofferscomprehensivetechnicalassistance,training,andresourcedevelopment.

NATIONALDOMESTICVIOLENCEHOTLINE1‐800‐799‐7233•800‐787‐3224(TTY)•www.thehotline.orgSince1996,theNationalDomesticViolenceHotlinehasbeenthevitallinktosafetyforwomen,men,children,andfamiliesaffectedbydomesticviolence.TheHotlinerespondstocalls24/7,365



daysayearandprovidesconfidential,one‐on‐onesupporttoeachcallerorbychatavailablethroughthewebsite,offeringcrisisintervention,optionsfornextsteps,anddirectconnectiontosourcesforimmediatesafety.Theirdatabaseholdsover5,000agenciesandresourcesincommunitiesacrossthecountry.Bilingualadvocatesareonhandtospeakwithcallers,andtheirLanguageLineofferstranslationsin170+differentlanguages.TheHotlineisanexcellentsourceofhelpforconcernedfriends,family,co‐workers,andothersseekinginformationandguidanceonhowtohelp.TheHotlineeducatescommunitiesthroughevents,campaigns,anddynamicpartnerships.

BATTEREDWOMEN’SJUSTICEPROJECT1‐800‐903‐0111,ext.3•www.bwjp.orgTheBatteredWomen’sJusticeProjectisthenationalresourcecenteroncivilandcriminaljusticeresponsestointimatepartnerviolence.Theyprovidetechnicalassistanceandtrainingtoprofessionalsengagedinthesesystems:advocates,civilattorneys,judgesandrelatedcourtpersonnel,lawenforcementofficers,prosecutors,probationofficers,battererinterventionprogramstaff,anddefenseattorneys;aswellastopolicymakers,themedia,andvictims,includingincarceratedvictims,andtheirfamiliesandfriends.BWJPalsoassiststribalandmilitarypersonnelwhofulfillequivalentpositionsintheirrespectiveinstitutionalresponsestointimatepartnerviolence.

BATTEREDWOMEN’SJUSTICEPROJECTNATIONALRESOURCECENTERONDOMESTICVIOLENCEANDFIREARMS1‐800‐903‐0111•www.bwjp.org/our‐work/projects/firearms‐project.htmlTheNationalResourceCenteronDomesticViolenceandFirearmsandtheSaferFamilies,SaferCommunitiesProjectworktopreventdomesticviolence‐relatedhomicidesinvolvingfirearms.Thewebsiteprovidesresourcespertainingtoeffectiveinterventionsinbothcriminalandcivildomesticviolencecasesthatcandecreasetheriskposedbydangerousdomestic‐violenceoffenderswithaccesstofirearms.

NATIONALHEALTHRESOURCECENTERONDOMESTICVIOLENCE1‐888‐792‐2873•www.futureswithoutviolence.org/healthTheNationalHealthResourceCenteronDomesticViolence(HRC)supportshealthcareprofessionals,domesticviolenceexperts,survivors,andpolicymakersatalllevelsastheyimprovehealthcare’sresponsetodomesticviolence.Thecenterofferspersonalized,experttechnicalassistanceatprofessionalconferencesandprovidesanonlinetoolkitforhealthcareprovidersanddomesticviolenceadvocatestoprepareaclinicalpracticetoaddressdomesticandsexualviolence,includingscreeninginstruments,samplescriptsforproviders,andpatientandprovidereducationalresources.



NATIONALCENTERONDOMESTICVIOLENCE,TRAUMA,ANDMENTALHEALTH312‐726‐7020•www.nationalcenterdvtraumamh.orgTheNationalCenteronDomesticViolence,TraumaandMentalHealthprovidestraining,support,andconsultationtoadvocates,mentalhealthandsubstanceabuseproviders,legalprofessionals,andpolicymakersastheyworktoimproveagencyandsystems‐levelresponsestosurvivorsandtheirchildreninawaythatissurvivor‐definedandrootedintheprinciplesofsocialjustice.Thewebsiteoffersresources,educationalmaterialsandwebinarsrelatedtodomesticviolence,trauma,andmentalhealthdirectedtowardvariousprofessionalsgroups.

CULTURALLY‐SPECIFICRESOURCESNATIVEALLIANCEAGAINSTVIOLENCE(405)801‐227•https://oknaav.org/Createdin2009,theNativeAllianceAgainstViolence(NAAV),isanonprofitorganizationoperatingasOklahoma’sonlytribaldomesticviolenceandsexualassaultcoalition.TheNAAVisnotadirectserviceprovider,howevertheydoserveOklahoma’sfederallyrecognizedtribesandtheirtribaldomesticviolenceandsexualassaultprograms.

NATIONALINDIGENOUSWOMEN’SRESOURCECENTER1‐855‐649‐7299•www.niwrc.orgTheNationalIndigenousWomen’sResourceCenter,Inc.(NIWRC)isaNativenonprofitorganizationthatwasspecificallycreatedtoserveastheNationalIndianResourceCenterAddressingDomesticViolenceandSafetyforIndianWomen.NIWRCseekstoenhancethecapacityofAmericanIndianandAlaskaNativeTribes,NativeHawaiians,andTribalandNativeHawaiianorganizationstorespondtodomesticviolenceandprovidepublicawareness,resourcedevelopment,trainingandtechnicalassistance,policydevelopment,andresearchactivities.ASIANANDPACIFICISLANDERINSTITUTEONGENDER‐BASEDDOMESTICVIOLENCE415‐568‐3315•www.apiidv.orgTheAsianPacificInstituteonGender‐BasedDomesticViolenceisanationalresourcecenterondomesticviolence,sexualviolence,trafficking,andotherformsofgender‐basedviolenceinAsianandPacificIslandercommunities.ItanalyzescriticalissuesaffectingAsianandPacificIslandersurvivors;providestraining,technicalassistance,andpolicyanalysis;andmaintainsaclearinghouseofinformationongenderviolence,currentresearch,andculturally‐specificmodelsofinterventionandcommunityengagement.TheInstituteservesanationalnetworkofadvocates,community‐basedserviceprograms,federalagencies,nationalandstateorganizations,legal,health,andmentalhealthprofessionals,researchers,policyadvocates,andactivistsfromsocialjusticeorganizationsworkingtoeliminateviolenceagainstwomen.



CASADEESPERANZA:NATIONALLATIN@NETWORKOFHEALTHYFAMILIESANDCOMMUNITIES651‐646‐5553•www.casadeesperanza.org/national‐latino‐networkTheCasaDeEsperanza,Latin@NetworkofHealthyFamiliesandCommunitiesisaleading,nationalLatin@organization,foundedin1982,providingemergencyshelterforLatinasandotherwomen,family advocacy,andshelterservicestoleadershipdevelopmentandcommunityengagementopportunitiesforLatin@youth,women,andmen.TheNetworkprovidestrainingandconsultationstopractitionersandactiviststhroughouttheUS,aswellasinLatinAmerica,andproducespracticalpublicationsandtoolsforthefield,disseminatesrelevant,up‐to‐dateinformationandfacilitatesanonlinelearningcommunitythatsupportspractitioners,policymakers,andresearcherswhoareworkingtoenddomesticviolence.

INSTITUTEONDOMESTICVIOLENCEINTHEAFRICANAMERICANCOMMUNITY[CLOSED]651‐331‐6555•Dr.OliverJ.WilliamsEmail:[email protected]•http://idvaac.org/TheInstituteonDomesticViolenceintheAfricanAmericanCommunity(IDVAAC)wasanorganizationfocusedontheuniquecircumstancesandlifeexperiencesofAfricanAmericansastheyseekresourcesandremediesrelatedtothevictimizationandperpetrationofdomesticviolenceintheircommunity.IDVAACfocusedontheuniquecircumstancesofAfricanAmericansastheyfaceissuesrelatedtodomesticviolence,includingintimatepartnerviolence,childabuse,eldermaltreatment,andcommunityviolence.IDVAACclosedinSeptember2016,buttheinformationonthewebsiteandconsultingservicesremainavailable.


OklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoardOklahomaOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral313N.E.21stStreetOklahomaCity,OK73105

Phone:405‐522‐1984Fax:405‐557‐1770

Ifyouorsomeoneyouknowneedshelpinadomesticviolencesituation,pleasecall:

SafeLine1‐800‐522‐SAFE(7233)Ifyouneedgeneralinformationaboutdomestic

violence,pleasecall:

OklahomaCoalitionAgainstDomesticViolenceandSexualAssault(OCADVSA)

(405)524‐0700

TheOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneralVictimServicesUnit(405)521‐3921

Ifyouneedmoreinformationaboutthe

OklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard,pleasecall:

TheOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral(405)522‐1984

Ifyouareinanemergencysituationpleasedial9‐1‐1.

Pleasegotowww.oag.ok.gov Copiesofreportsfrompreviousyears; OklahomaDomesticViolenceFatality

ReviewBoardmission,purpose,definitions,methodsandlimitationsofdatacollection,anddata;and

HistoryoftheOklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard.

Pleasewidelydisseminatethisannualreport.

PublicationpreparedbytheOklahomaOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral,MikeHunter,onbehalfoftheOklahomaDomesticViolenceFatalityReviewBoard.

Documents

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE · Domestic Violence Homicide in Oklahoma|2019 Annual Report | 7 Key Findings for 2018 DEMOGRAPHICS1 _____ The demographics presented in this section of the report