Domain Engineering

Arie van DeursenMay 2001

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Software Product Line

Group of products sharing a common, managed set of features to satisfy the needs of a selected market

Examples: Telephone switches: 5ESS Mortgage / insurance portals Customer Relation Management On line banking

SAP, Baan,PeopleSoft

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Object-OrientedApplication Framework

Framework: Set of cooperating classes embodying an

abstract design For solutions to a family of related

problems Supporting reuse beyond the class level.

Building an appliction consists of adding class specializations

Inverse control

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Product Line Savings

Economies of scale Savings from using technology to produce a greater volume of a single output with the same or less inputs

Economies of scope Savings from using technology to build a greater diversity of outputs with the same or less inputs

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Domain / ApplicationEngineering

Domain engineering: Systematic approach to construct

reusable assets in a given problem domain

Application engineering: Use the assets to build specialized

software systems in the given domain. ( Product / customer development )

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What is a Domain?

Domain as the “real world” Adopted in OO / AI community

Domain as a set of systems: Systematic software reuse community

Domain criteria Mature, stable, economically viable

Use legacy systems to understand domain.

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Domain Engineering

Activity of collecting, organizing and storing past

experience in building (parts of) systems in a particular domain in the form of reusable assets as well as providing means for resuing

these assets (retrieve, adapt, assemble, ...) when building new systems

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ODM: Organization Domain Modeling

1. Plan Domain: Set objectives, analyze stakeholders Scope domain: selection criteria Define domain: boundary conditions,

examples, counter examples, main features,

relations to other domains.

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ODM (2)

2. Model Domain Acquire domain information: experts,

legacy systems, literature, prototyping, ... Describe domain: lexicon of terms,

commonality & variability: feature diagrams

Refine domain: build overall domain, analyze trade offs, innovative feature combinations

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ODM (3)

3. Engineer Asset Base Scope: correlate features and

customers, prioritize, select. Architect: external and internal

constraints, components, domain-specific languages, generators, framework, ...

Implement: OO, code generation, ...

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Car Feature Diagram

Car

Engine Pulls trailerTransmission

Manual Automatic Electric Gasoline

Car body

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Car Class Diagram

ElectricEngine GasolineEngine

ElectricCar[transmission]

GasolineCar[transmission]

ElectricGasolineCar[transmission]

Car[transmission]

CarBody

TrailerO..1

O..1

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Feature Diagrams

Node types: Mandatory / Optional Alternatives / Or-features

Diagram generates instances Commonality: feature in all instances Variation point: optional, alternative, or. Find variation dependencies. No implementation bias

Car

Engine Pulls trailer

Transmission

ManualAutomatic

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Imperative Lists

List

Ownership

ExternalReference

OwnedReference

Copy

MorphologyLengthCounter

Tracing

Monomorphic

Polymorphic

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Interest Rate Products

Product

Deposit

PrincipleAmount

StartDate

MaturityDate

Currency

DEM, USD, EUR, ...

InterestAmount

Swap

FixedDeposit

FloatingDeposit

Period Convention Rate

Simple, Dutch, 360, ...

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Finding Features

Use feature starter sets Record similarities between instances Record differences between instances Organize features into hierarchies Analyze feature combinations Record additional feature information Identify more features than needed

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Generative Programming

A software engineering paradigm in which given a particular requirements specification a highly customized and optimized

intermediate or end-product can be automatically manufactured on demand from elementary, reusable implementation

components by means of configuration knowledge

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Domain-SpecificLanguages

Expressive over variable features Composition, defaults, dependencies,

pragma’s, illegal combinations Common features built-in / in compiler. Expression DSL:

Domain-specific computations Configuration DSL:

Specify a concrete program family member

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Further Reading

ODM Guide Book Generative programming chapter 2

+ 4, and examples in chs 12, 13, 14. From the Transform Wiki:

Annotated Bibliography Little Languages: Little Maintenance? Draco transformation system and

domain engineering methodology.

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Summary

Domain engineering

Product Line Economy of Scope Domain ODM Variability Commonality

Feature Diagrams Class Diagrams Generative

Programming Domain Specific

Languages

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Project

Tool support for feature diagrams Design language

apply to simple examples analyze consequences of realistic examples

Implement normalizations Generate pictures Suggest class diagram options