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Dr. Nik Dimitrakopoulos
Market Segment Automotive
E/E & Infotainment
DOMAIN CONTROLLERS AND HIGH PERFORMANCE CPUS FOR AUTOMOTIVE
Domain controllers overview
► Trends on In-Vehicle Network Architectures
Domain controller market size 2030
Domain controller testing
► PCIe
► Automotive Ethernet
► SERDES
CONTENT
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Dr. Kirsten Matheus, BMW AG, Automotive Ethernet Congress, February 2017
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
TOWARDS AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
3
TRENDS TOWARDS IN-VEHICLE ARCHITECTURE
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller4
UPCOMING VEHICLE ARCHITECTURE WITH DOMAIN CONTROLLERS, ETHERNET AND BACK-END SERVERS
OEM’s Back-End Server
Powertrain
Domain ECU
ADAS Domain
ECU
Service & Diagnostics
ISO 13400
• Traffic Management
• Police
• Real Time Traffic
Information
• …
Infotainment
Head Unit ECU
AUT ETHERNET
Body Domain
Gateway ECU
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller5
EXAMPLE AUDI A8► 48 V +12 V
network
► ADAS controller
zFAS with 70W
► 2.3 km cable
► 54 kg
► 3000 contacts
► 9 relays
► 380 fuses
Source: Audi, Boardnetz Congress 2018
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
zentrales Fahrerassistenzsteuergerät
(zFAS)
Central Driver Assistance Controller
6
DOMAIN CONTROLLERS: MARKET SIZE
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Source: McKinsey Analysis: Automotive
software & electronics 2030
7
AUTONOMOUS DRIVING: FROM SENSORS TO ACTUATORS
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
time?
Source: Roland Berger, Texas Instruments
8
Domain controller
WHAT AND HOW TO TEST NEXT GENERATION ECU ?
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Technology Introduction
SMPS Power
Measurements
Power
Integrity
Automotive
Ethernet
LPDDR4
PCIe Gen3
R&S®RTP
CAN
CAN-FD
Boot timing
MIPI-DPHY
EMI
Debug Example Nvidia Pegasus
Domain Controller
Redundancy
switchover timing
SERDES
TDR/TDT
8CPU cores (per Xavior SoC)
2 discreet on board-GPUs
320 TOPS (AI Inference)
200-500 W TDP (SMPS)
Liquid cooling
LPDDR4x RAM, 8 GB
FLASH NVMe (PCIe 3), 64 GB
100/1000/2.5-10GBASE-T1
CAN-FD, SerDes
Source: Nvidia
9
SENSOR FUSION / AGGREGATION EXAMPLE ON 88Q6113
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Image courtesy of Marvell semiconductors
10
Domain controllers overview
► Trends on In-Vehicle Network Architectures
Domain controller market size 2030
Domain controller testing
► PCIe
► Automotive Ethernet
► SERDES
CONTENT
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
TESTING ON MARVELL 88Q6113
Source: Marvell semiconductors
12
Automotive Ethernet SERDES PCIe
PCIE GEN 3.0 DEBUG TEST ON 88Q6113 WITH RTP
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller13
R&S SOLUTIONS FOR PCIE
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Decoding of 5 Gbps PCIe 2.0 SI debugging with HS Serial Trigger and HW-
CDR; eye mask and histogram Automated Compliance testing
Compliance testing w/ SigTest tool
14
► Signal Integrity debugging (Serial trigger/CDR); T&D option
► Compliance: R&S ScopeSuite; SigTest
PCIE GEN3 JITTER SEPARATION
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Histogram on continuous „Realtime Eye“ Jitter decomposition on single acquisition
15
WHY AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET ?
Source: BMW
► Higher data throughput is required for ADAS like rear view orsurround view camera systems
► Low latency is required for ADAS like for adaptive cruise control etc.
► Industry standards need to be integrated to save cost: 100BASE-T1 instead of MOST
► Reuse of TCP/IP in different application (flashing, camera, smart antennas) helps to reduce complexity
► Ethernet standards like Audio Video-Bridging, Time Sensitive Networks (TSN) enable new applications
► Unshielded Twisted Pair cabling to save cost
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller16
100BASE-T1 TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTIONWhat we know:
Ford, Dyson, Hyundai,
Renault, PSA, NIO, Toyota,
Nissan, Mitsubishi, FCA
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller17
*average Ethernet ports per vehicle** Photo courtesy of Marvell Technology Group
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller18
AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET IS EVERYWHERE
19
Radar sensor to ADAS
controller moves to
100/1000BASE-T1
Sensor fusion will use
10GBASE-T1
Smart antennas have
1000BASE-T1
Backbone
100/1000BASE-T1Connection to display,
antenna etc based on
100/1000BASE-T1- AVB etc.
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
RADAR + AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET
ARS4-A 77GHz Long & Short Range Radar
Source: NXP
Source: Continental
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller20
WHY MULTIGIG ETHERNET?
Important to know:
► Some automotive 4G LTE modems implemented in the
TCU can operate at 300-400 Mbps
Image source: Ficosa
ı T-Box 3.0: DA2300 will support 5G speeds up to 1.6Gbps*
*Maximum theoretical download speed
Image source: Huawei Autonomous Vehicles Show Shanghai Sept 2018
------- Is 1000BASE-T1 enough? ---------
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller21
FUTURE AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET STANDARDS
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
Technology Introduction
10BASE-T1S
802.3cgFirst PHY prototypes
MultidropPoDL
100BASE-T1
Established & On the road
1000BASE-T1
1 PHY released several in dev.
SOP expected 2020
Multi-gig2.5/5/10GBASE-T1STP cable
802.3chspec expected 2020
66 MHz
RTO2004
RTP
ZND
750 MHz
RTO2024
RTP
ZND
1.4/2.8/5.6 GHz
2.5GBASE-T1: 4 GHz
5GBASE-T1: 8 GHz
10GBASE-T1: 16 GHz
ZND
Planned
Symbol Rate
Compliance Test
Equipment
12.5 MHz
RTO2004
RTP
ZND
…
22
AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET COMPLIANCE AND DEBUGGING
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• 10/100/1000BASE-T1 compliance test
• Automotive Ethernet Trigger & Decode
• Signal integrity via T&D or eye
23
AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET BUS QUALITY STATS WITH A DECODER
Golden
Receiver
Add sniffer fixture
DUT e.g. ECU
Rate of consecutive error framesFrame error rate
Bus Idle %# Frames
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller24
QUALITY TESTING – AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET100/1000BASE-T1
25
Eye TestProtocol Decoding
OSI 100BASE-T1
7 Application
Applications: FTP,
HTTP, SMTP…)6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport TCP, UDP
3 Network IP
2 Data Link Network Access
1 Physical 10/100/1000BASE-T1
Compliance TestCompliance Test
R&S®RTO &
R&S®ZND
Automotive Ethernet – Nik Dimitrakopoulos
R&S®RTO or RTP10BASE-T1S K89 option
100BASE-T1 K24 option
1000BASE-T1 K87 option
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
BUILT-IN COMPLIANCE TEST SOFTWARE
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller26
OPEN ALLIANCE AUTOMOTIVE ETHERNET – TC9 UTP
► TC9 UTP (Unshielded twisted pair) 1000BASE-T1, Final version 2.0 (Public)
Test of cable, connector and whole communication channel
4-Port Device needed: ZNB8, ZNB20, ZNB40
Differential return loss and insertion loss
Differential impedance (TDR)
Mode Conversion (-61 dB)
High VNA calibration accuracy required
27 Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller
SERDES DEBUGGING - JITTER AND EYE ANALYSISSERDES IS A FAST SERIAL INTERFACE
► Multitude of SERDES standards:
GSML (Maxim) up to 3.12Gbps
APIX up to 12 Gbps
…
► No dedicated TD or compliance needed –
they all require standard jitter and eye/mask testing
► RTP is best solution with realtime de-embedding, fast
update rate, CDR and advanced jitter capability
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller28
AUTOMOTIVE SERDES ALLIANCE
Rohde & Schwarz Automotive - Domain Controller29
1st draft released (version 0.5)
RELIABLE AND FAST RESULTSRTP: Real-Time Signal Integrity
Histogram
1.3 Million
Measurements
Trigger On:16 Gbps Serial
Differential Signal
De-Embedded
Real-Time
De-Embed
Real-Time
Differential Math
~400,000 UI/sec
Clock Recovered Eye
THANK YOU