Does That Make Sense?Trivial Pursuit

ByJames, Kierra, Anna, Kara, Rachel and

Josh

Types, distribution, and functions of receptors

Which of the following are examples of exteroceptors?

a) Visionb) Painc) Smelld) Temperaturee) All of the Above

respond to stimuli from outside the body

Which of the following are examples of visceroceptors?

a) Chemical stimulib) Deep pressurec) Paind) Both A and Be) Smell

respond to stimuli arising within the body

Which of the following are examples of proprioceptors?

a) muscle spindles b) golgi tendon organs c) pacinian corpusclesd) All of the above

respond to muscle or tendon stretch and help the body monitor body position

What are examples of mechanoreceptors?

a) Pressureb) Touchc) Stretchd) Hearinge) All of the above

respond to a mechanical stimulus

Which are examples of chemoreceptors?

a) All of the aboveb) Glucosec) Hormonesd) Oxygene) Carbon Dioxide

respond to various chemicals

Which of the following are examples of thermoreceptors?

a) Heat and coldb) Sand and waterc) Swamps and wetlandsd) All of the abovee) None of the above

Stimuli that respond to the change in temperature

Which will set off nociceptors?

a) Pneumoniab) Dustc) Onionsd) Sulfuric Acide) None of the above

pain receptors from any noxious stimulus

What are examples of photoreceptors?

a) Visionb) Touchc) Smelld) Paine) None of the above

respond to light

Which of these explain Free nerve endings?

a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor

b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is movedc) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile

endorgans.d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs

with a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.

e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of

mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the lengthening reaction.

Which of these explain root hair plexuses?

a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor

b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is movedc) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile

endorgans.d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs

with a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.

e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of

mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the lengthening reaction.

Which of these explain merkel disk?

a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor

b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is movedc) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile

endorgans.d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with a

connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.

e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of

mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the lengthening reaction.

Which of these explain meissner corpuscle?

a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor

b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is movedc) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile

endorgans.d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with a

connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.

e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of

mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the lengthening reaction.

Which of these explain pacinian corpuscle?

a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor

b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is movedc) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile

endorgans.d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with a

connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.

e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of

mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the lengthening reaction.

Which of these explain muscle spindles?

a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor

b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is movedc) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile

endorgans.d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with a

connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.

e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of

mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the lengthening reaction.

Which of these explain golgi tendon organs?

a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor

b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is movedc) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile

endorgans.d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with a

connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.

e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of

mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the lengthening reaction.

Special Senses

Smell

Fill in the blank• An _________ is a small contact site on

certain neural cells that is used for processing odorants. Odorants are chemical signatures that are shed by most substances and creatures. These molecular chemicals are more commonly referred to as "smells." The receptors are located on olfactory receptor cells, which are present in very large numbers (millions) and are clustered within a small area in the back of the nasal cavity, forming an olfactory epithelium. Each receptor cell has a single external process that extends to the surface of the epithelium and gives rise to a number of long, slender extensions called cilia. The cilia are covered by the mucus of the nasal cavity, facilitating the detection of and response to odor molecules by olfactory receptors.

a) Olfactory pathwayb) Olfactory receptorsc) Smelld) Muscle spindles

What is this describing?• Olfactory system is very sensitive. As few as four

odorants molecules can activate an olfactory receptor. However, the activation of an afferent fiber does not guarantee an awareness of the stimulus. Axons leaving the olfactory epithelium collect into 20 or more bundles that penetrate the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to reach the olfactory bulbs of the cerebrum where the first synapse occurs. Efferent fibers form nuclei elsewhere in the brain also innervate neurons of the olfactory bulbs. Axon leaving the olfactory bulb travel along the olfactory tract to reach the olfactory cortex, the hypothalamus and portion of the limbic system. Olfactory stimulation is the only type of sensory information that reaches the cerebral cortex directly; all other sensations are relayed from processing centers in the thalamus. The parallel distribution of olfactory information to the limbic system and hypothalamus explains the profound emotional and behavioral responses, as well as the memories, that can be triggered by certain smells.

a) Olfactory pathways

b) Olfatory receptors

c) Smelld) Muscle Spindles

Comparison between humans and Canine

The structure of a dog's nose gives it a sense of smell that is thousands of times better than a human being's. A dog's nose has two hundred million nasal olfactory receptors. Each receptor detects and identifies the minute odor molecules that are constantly flying off different objects.Of all a dog's senses, its sense of smell is the most highly developed. Dogs have about 25 times more olfactory (smell) receptors than humans do. These receptors occur in special sniffing cells deep in a dog's snout and are what allow a dog to "out-smell" humans.Dogs can sense odors at concentrations nearly 100 million times lower than humans can. They can detect one drop of blood in five quarts of water! Sniffing the bare sidewalk may seem crazy, but it yields a wealth of information to your dog, whether it's the scent of the poodle next door or a whiff of the bacon sandwich someone dropped last week.When a dog breathes normally, air doesn't pass directly over the smell receptors. But when the dog takes a deep sniff, the air travels all the way to the smell receptors, near the back of the dog's snout. So for a dog, sniffing is a big part of smelling.

Taste

Fill in the blank

• _______ are sensory organs that are found on your tongue and allow you to experience the tastes sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. The receptor cells located in your tastes buds send messages through sensory nerves to your brain. Your brain then tells you what flavors you are tasting.

a) Taste budsb) Earsc) Neurotransmittersd) Nosee) None of the above

Hearing

Which explains the outer ear?

a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.

b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the outer ear from the middle ear

c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30° to the occipital scalp

d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair cells.

Which of these explain the ear canal?

a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.

b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the outer ear from the middle ear

c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30° to the occipital scalp

d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair cells.

Which of these explain the pinna?

a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.

b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the outer ear from the middle ear

c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30° to the occipital scalp

d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair cells.

Which of these explain the hearing mechanism?

a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.

b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the outer ear from the middle ear

c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30° to the occipital scalp

d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair cells.

What is the correct order of the path of sound?

a) external canal, vibrates eardrum, vibration moves through ossicles, stapes vibrates oval window of cochlea, creates pressure wave in the fluid inside

b) Vibration moves through ossicles, external canal, creates pressure wave in the fluid inside, stapes vibrates oval window of cochlea, vibrates eardrum

c) stapes vibrates oval window of cochlea, creates pressure wave in the fluid inside, external canal, vibrates eardrum, vibration moves through ossicles

d) None of the above

Balance

What does this describe?

• The sense organs associated with your sense of balance or equilibrium are found in the vestibule and semicircular canals. There are two types of equilibrium, static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium. Static equilibrium

a) The ear canalb) Vestibular sensec) Posterior canald) None of the abovee) Sense of balance

Fill in the blank

• ________is a system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.

a) Dynamic equilibriumb) Systematic equilibriumc) Taste d) Balanced equilibriume) None of the above

Vision

The Eye• The human eyeball is about 0.9 in (24 mm) in diameter and is not perfectly round,

being slightly flattened in the front and back. The eye consists of three layers: the outer fibrous or sclera, the middle uveal or choroid layer, and the inner nervous layer or retina. Internally the eye is divided into two cavities—the anterior cavity filled with the watery aqueous fluid, and the posterior cavity filled with gel-like vitreous fluid. The internal pressure inside the eye (the intraocular pressure) exerted by the aqueous fluid supports the shape of the anterior cavity, while the vitreous fluid holds the shape of the posterior chamber. An irregularly shaped eyeball results in ineffective focusing of light onto the retina and is usually correctable with glasses or contact lenses. An abnormally high intraocular pressure, due to overproduction of aqueous fluid or to the reduction in its outflow through a duct called the canal of Schlemm, produces glaucoma, a usually painless and readily treatable condition, which may lead to irreversible blindness if left untreated. Elevated intraocular pressure is easily detectable with a simple, sight-saving, pressure test during routine eye examinations. The ophthalmic arteries provide the blood supply to the eyes, and the movement of the eyeballs is facilitated by six extraocular muscles which run from the bony orbit which insert the sclera, part of the fibrous tunic.

Process of seeing

What process helps in creating Retinal Image Foundation?

a) refraction of light raysb) accommodation of the lensc) constriction of the pupild) convergence of the eyese) None of the abovef) All of the above

What are photopigments?

a) light sensitive compounds and can all be broken down into glycoprotein opsin and vitamin A a derivative called retinal

b) highly light sensitive, light causes the opsin to expand. When opsin and retinal open a process called bleaching takes place and active sites cause actions potentional to be created in the cell. The objects are seen in shades of grey until the opsin is back to its original shape. Red, green, and blue reflect light rays of a different wavelength.

c) less sensitive to light and rods so brighter light is necessary in order for them to breakdown

d) None of the above

What are rods?

a) light sensitive compounds and can all be broken down into glycoprotein opsin and vitamin A a derivative called retinal

b) highly light sensitive, light causes the opsin to expand. When opsin and retinal open a process called bleaching takes place and active sites cause actions potentional to be created in the cell. The objects are seen in shades of grey until the opsin is back to its original shape. Red, green, and blue reflect light rays of a different wavelength.

c) less sensitive to light and rods so brighter light is necessary in order for them to breakdown

d) None of the above

What are cones?

a) light sensitive compounds and can all be broken down into glycoprotein opsin and vitamin A a derivative called retinal

b) highly light sensitive, light causes the opsin to expand. When opsin and retinal open a process called bleaching takes place and active sites cause actions potentional to be created in the cell. The objects are seen in shades of grey until the opsin is back to its original shape. Red, green, and blue reflect light rays of a different wavelength.

c) less sensitive to light and rods so brighter light is necessary in order for them to breakdown

d) None of the above

Why don’t deer see hunters in bright orange?

a) Deer do not have red sensitive cone cells in their eyes, so they cant tell red or orange from green and brown

b) They are stupidc) are blind to bright colorsd) None of the above

What is the difference between “nearsighted” and “farsighted”? How are each of these connected?

a) Nearsighted means someone is able to see things close to them but not from far away, and farsighted means someone is able to see from a distance better than up close. Both can be corrected either through Lasix eye surgery, contacts and or glasses.

• Is this true or falsea) Tb) F