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Does a tree falling make a noise if no-one is in the woods when it falls?
A man sits in a café in Sai King watching the sea. There is a light breeze in the air and he feels the warmth of the sun on his skin and smells the saltiness of the sea. He is drinking orange juice and can smell his coffee being brewed and the fresh smell of toasted bread. You are nearby reading the SCMP. When you look up a few minutes later you notice that he isn't moving. You learn later that he has had a sensory breakdown.
First the rich taste of the coffee disappeared and then he couldn’t tell if it was hot or cold. He then dropped the coffee cup to the floor, it crashed to the ground burning him on his arm – though he did not feel it or hear the cup smash. Within seconds he was overcome by silence and darkness…..
How does that story make you feel….
What are your 5 senses? If for some reason you had to lose
one ofyour senses:Which one would you be most willing
to lose?Which one would you be least willing
to lose?Why?
Stimuli Sense Receptors
Sensation Response (example of meaning attributed)
Electromagnetic energy 400-700nm
Eyes, retina Light and colour.
That’s my dog.
Vibrations between 20 and 20,000Hz
Ear, auditory nerve
Sound Ah, the Chinese National anthem
Odour molecules in gas form
Nose, olfactory receptor neurones
Smell Mmm fresh Char Siu Pork
Chemical composition
Tongue, chemoreceptor cells
Sweet, salty, sour and bitter
This congee is salty!
Pressure, temperature
Skin, nerve endings
Hot, cold, textures, pressure, pain.
Whoa this coffee is hot!
Knowledge based on perceptual experience
Get into groups of 3 based on a common subject you all study.
Identify how and where you use your senses for that IB subject.
Compare with other IB subjects. Do you think that perception is a
more important source of knowledge than others? Are there any areas of knowledge in which it plays no role?
Perception is a passive and relatively straightforward process which gives us an accurate picture of reality. Colours, sounds and smells exist ‘out there’ and the act of observation does not affect what is observed.
Is this an adequate explanation for our perception of the world?
What would happen if you cut your optic nerve?
Brain has an enormous task of synthesing all those blip, blip, blips into our conscience experience of the world
Your whole world is made up of blip, blip, blips
How the brain constructs the ‘real’ world from mere blip, blip, blips is one of the greatest mysteries of modern science and philosophy
How do we know? Is the sky blue the same colour for everyone.
Even if you could see someone elses ‘blue’ (which you cant because then it would be your blue!) would it be the same?
Optical illusions
Can you see that the brain always tries to construct a plausible story for what is going on that goes beyond the visual sense data input.
I cdnoult bblveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrdwaht I was rdanieg. The phaonmeal pweor of theHmuan mnid! Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch
atCmabrigdeUinervitisy, it deosn’t mttaer in waht oredr the ltteersin a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the fristand lsat ltteer be in the rghit palce. The rset can be ataotl mses and you can still raed it wouthit a porbelm.Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed erveylteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig
huh?Yaeh and I awlyas thought slpeling was ipmorantt!
There are several interpretations for many of the optical illusions, therefore is there another interpretation for the entire world?
One that is entirely beyond humans and one that we will never know?
Maybe we will never know the ‘real world’
Find out about the sensory receptors of three of the following:
bees, buzzards, chameleons, crabs, dolphins, elephants, grasshoppers, star-nosed moles, pigeons, rabbits, snakes, fish, bats, sharks,
Write about how these organisms would differ in the way they perceive the world compared to how you perceive the world.
Finished files are the result of years of scientific study combined with the experience of many years.
Count the number of ‘F’s in this sentence
Many of you will have missed out the ‘f’ in of
Why?Language is to blame! ‘of’ sounds like ‘ov’ Language influences how we
interpret our senses
Why did you give the answer you gave?
Is it because of culture and language?
Are there more colours?
Perception goes far beyond, seeing or hearing or any other sense
It involves interpretation, this is something we generally have control over
We see largely what we expect to see, this usually works because our brains are very well adapted to their environment
Factors which affect interpretation include language, paradigms and cultural expectations
There is a subjective element, the world we see only exists in our minds
Our perception gives us, in our minds, structures which aren’t necessarily there
What factors affect our perception?Emotions, culture, language,
education, training………………Tasks from van de Lagemaat p91-93
A child dying in poverty as seen by a:Doctor: An economistA social workerThe child’s fatherA sunset as seen by a:Religious figureA painterA farmerA physicist
A tree as seen by a:BiologistLoggerEnvironmentalistNative American
Explain how education and training can affect what we perceive:
Biologist looking down a microscope
To what extent do you think that the culture
you come from affects the way in which you
see the world?
In what emotional state do you think we see
the world with the greatest clarity?
RealThe poster held by aprotester was created,unintentionally, by a postermaker in Bangladesh. Hedownloaded a picture ofOsama bin Laden from theweb that showed Bin Ladensitting next to 'evil Bert'. Hedidn't realize the satirical
intent ofthe picture, and so included
it inthe poster.
RealThe cat with the
strangeeyes is real, and hername is Queeny. Shelives in Bangalore,India. Her picture
wastaken in September,2003 for Reuters.
Real The x-ray is quite real.
It shows the stomach of an Israeli woman who accidentally swallowed a fork after inserting it down her throat in order to remove a cockroach! The x-ray was taken in July 2003.
Hoax The photo was
originally a single waterspout was taken in June 2001 in the Gulf of Mexico. Two more waterspouts were added to the photograph.
Hoax A postcard created
by Alfred Stanley Johnson in 1911. The children posed with wooden props and the melon slice was cut and pasted into the picture to create the illusion of a giant melon slice.
RealThis is a photograph
ofa gym in San Diego.
HoaxLouis Vuitton is notselling designer
SARSmasks. The mask in
thisimage is a digitalcreation.
RealThis photo was takenon the Earlham Road
inNorwich.
Undergroundchalk mines caused amassive sink-hole toappear in the road.
HoaxIf you look closely youcan see that the
sectionof the picture with thebears in it was
digitallyinserted into a scene
ofa suburban house.
HoaxAn image created bynature photographerRalph Clevenger. It'sactually a composite
offour differentphotographs taken inAlaska, Antarctica,
andCalifornia.
RealA real, unaltered
phototaken by
photographerKurt Jones on April
19,2003 But that's adolphin in the wave...not a shark!
How do our beliefs and expectations affect the
way we perceive events / things?
Test knowing the colour, what flavour are
the sweets?Test not knowing the colour. Can you
stillidentify the flavour?How do the senses interrelate?
See p94 for text and task
DVD – Surprising studies of visual awareness Sense perception is ‘attention dependent’,
you only see that to which you attend. If something occurs outside your scope of attention, even if its perfectly visible you wont see or notice it.
Sense perception is selective. Changes that affect the meaning of any scene are more likely to be noticed, other changes are ignored. Fancy dress in a normal setting.
The brain does not build up detailed internal models of a scene, we assume our brain has a complete, coherent representation of the scene.
Is the mind an objective recorder of events or is perceptual processes not structured to record data but to organise meaning?
What does the mind do? Does it organise fragments into meaningful
and relevant ways into a web of beliefs about what is real and what isn’t? (Real or Hoax). Is it put into context?
Is this a weakness or an advantage? Are we driven to find meaning?
Reading faces – do we rely on them to find meaning?
What if we don’t find meaning?
Would you invest in this company?
The Gestalt Principle In court why do we rely on eye-witness testimony? Is
it reliable? Blind artists or deaf musicians, how can they know? Context look at the article “Pearls Before Breakfast’ –
The Washington Post Research and explain 4 optical illusions,how they work How magicians exploit the maxim ‘the hand is quicker
than the eye’. Sleights of Mind The New York Times The limits of human perception – mixed feelings The artist Rene Magritte How attitudes toward people of color are reinforced in
journalistic and advertising images.