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1

\

LA-uR--88-413O

:)1.’89 005459

. ., a,,,. .. \,,. ..,, . ,: ,, ,, , .,..+.,I!P.I [., 1,,,. . . . t.., ,, ,* . d *,$,. ., *.,. :,.,. . .. Iv,: !.!,+!p, !l”:.,; . . ,., . ,.1 t. ,.. ~, .. . . . . . . . . . !,,, . ,., .: t , ., , .,

-. .--— ..— ._. _

11’11 HIGH EXPLOSIVES RLACTION MODIL ANIJ 11S API’ LICAII[)N 10BW5TLR PERFORMANCE

I)I,s(”I,AIMKK

,., ,,, ,,, ,, .,, ...,,., !. !,.,,.. !,, . 1,., , $. 8, . ,,, . , ., *, .,, ,,,, I.,, .,, m,8 ,. ,,,,, ,,,,, ., ...., , ,,

I .. . ,,,. ,., !, .

! !(.,, ,.’W,I,.,.,,I,,; ,

\,’

HIGH EXPLOSIVES REACTION MODEL ANi)ITS APPLICATI 3N TO BOOSTER PERFORMANCE

Pier K. TangLos Alamos Nationa\ LaboratoryLos Alarnos, New Mexico USA

SUMMARY

hit int ion of insmsit ivc high rxplmivm rquirm n host ing t+ystrln millg mmr smsit iv(*am! usually more t=nmgrtic explosives. Houmw, proldwm uisr if t hc boost m Imt rriitiis too etlcrgct ic. The init iahilit y of son-wimwmit ivr hut km enqct.ic high rx~dosiv(wcan lx= enhn,ncrd by lowering the density aJKl decrcuing the grain sim m by ridding asensitive component; thus thew explosives cm bc used M h(x)stm mntrrish. This papvrpmwnts a unifim.1 init iat ion and drtmatim reart i(m modrl aml thrn the ~inmlat ion ofthe developmmt of thr cktoiititim wave in n P B.S -9502 mmin chnrge Using t hrw bomtmcxplosivm: low-dmmity Rupm-finr TATB, low-dmsity ultrufhw TATII, md X-0407,” Timhwt tw{~am folud to t)rmm’ptnhlr fw lJtMMt*r qqdirnt i(m,

I. ISTROI.)UCTIOS”

I

the system. The use of low dvusity T.4TD fcm boost (*rH E SIYWMquitr at trnctivv if t hrsensitivity is I&qunt Lm.Anot}wr w~y of mlmlring inititihi]ity is to add S(MM(’wmsitivc HEto the h~ically insmsitivc main compomwt. S-0407 ( 7Wf T.AT13, 25’% PETN , 5% K(I1F

8(N) Mongs to this chuss of HE. The ruvrgr~ ic as]mt of X-0407 is quiw compat il)h’ wit hPDX-!1502 with no significant mx+rivrn c’vidtwrt’.

II. REACTIOX MODEL

(2)

wit h ~~ being the hot-spot prmcss t inw. The fwt rract ion AJ is cmtrolld by t hr cnm~v

t ramfrr bet wcen the hot-spot product and the rmct wit, md t hc rat t’ i%

(3)

dA.

7 = :(A, - A,). (4)

TA’1”11.

III.

!111)11

PLEXIGLAS t,

--------+.=-.

-.7.

X-0407

\-‘-, SUPERFINE

TATB

“\\

ULTRAFINETATB

\

I 1 1 1 1 1 1

100SHOCK PRESSURE (kbar)

Fig. 1. Pop plots of superfine TATB, ul-trafl~e TAI’B, and X-0407. Curves are ex-perin]ental fittings; markers are from mod-eling,

MAIN CHARGE

\\

\

BOOSTER

‘\ ‘

\..\ ‘i ‘

//’

DETONATOR ‘

,rl

I

A 10-mn~-thick layer of PBX-9502 envch)prs the lmostcr. Tlw unifird reaction model andHC)M equation of statcl 0 w c USA Thr boostt’r is initiatml by a small detonator thatis reprcscntrd by a region of explosive with 8-nml diamctrr and 4-nlm thicknrss. TII~Ncounter Iwre is 2 mm. The react ion modrl used for this detonator is the progrnmmrdburn with a fraction of surface cm the bottom of the dctouator used for initiation. Thv

dctmmt or explosive is LX-10 (95% HXIX, 5%. Viton A) with J\\:li cquut ion of state used. ] 1For computational convenience, the systcm is bound by layers of Plexiglas (PllMA ) toprovide some pressure boumhuy ad to prc+cnt cxcmsive nwsh distortion. Computationis done cm DYS A2D code. 12

f;

.-- =..-..

---..

.

_.- .......-_#= ___ ..— —------- . . f% )-.. ---.----$% -,.-...

SLPERFINE ULTRAFINE X-0407TATB TATB

Fig. 3-a. Reaction fraction contoursat 1 }1s.

..-. —..

(3a4 —..... . . .

~.

r> C3..~ “....-..’ -.-”.

SUPERFINE ULTRAFINE X-0407TATB TATB

Fig. 3-b. Reaction fraction contours at 2 ps.

SUPERFINE ULTRAFINE X-0407

TATB TATB

. .I

SUPERFINE ULTRAFINE X-0407TATB TATB

Fig. 3-d. Reaction fraction contours at 4 p.

(m,..—...,.-....

‘.

– -&~4 .’“- - - --+! ‘- - ““ - s .----4

+* --.”

SUPERFINE ULTRAFINE X-0407TATB TATB

Fig. 3-e. Reaction fraction contoursat sps.

that ultrafme TATB and X-0407 arc quite similar ill devchq)ing a good divcrgmt wave. Tllvslight lack of uniforI]tity using ultrafine TAT13 is caused by a slower drtonat iml vck)city,but the ddiciency CU1 be overcome by moving t}]c drton~ttu fmtl]cr inside the Imostcr. os1the othm hantl, the performance of the supdh TAT13 booster is quitr poor, as rvid(vltby the slow spread of the detonation wave. The divcrgmce pattern is unwnwpt ;il)lc f(mpracticrd purposes. %xne onionskin experiments usi]lg X-040i” homtcr exph)sivc’ h~vr 1)( ’(’11

cm~ducted; Fig. 5 shows one pa.rt~cular calcul~tkm (curve) th}it agrees quite well witli t}l(’

exprrimmt (mtukers), considering that the k)t-twl(~t vari~tioll ill nl~t(’rid prol)ertim is ]Iot

uIl(mTlrn(MI.

0.40 , I I I I I0.35 --

\0.30 -- , SUPERFINE ITATB \ ‘

\ /

\,_ 0.25 --

~ ~~o .\ #

\ULTRAFINE

TATB /y 015

i=

0.05 -+\“.

-0.05 , 1 1 I I I-80 ‘-60 -30 30 60 90

ANGL~ ~deg)

Fig. 4. Breakout patterns of superfineTATB, ultraflne TATB, and X-0407 boost-ers.

-

~ G.15.u CALUJIATION

~ O1o -i= EXFfERIMEhJT

0.05 “

0.00

-cm, ~

o 30 60 90

ANGLE (deg)

Fig. 5. i3reakout pattern of X-0407 booster,

calculation vs. experiment.

9

IV. CONCLUSIOXS

lVe have demonstrated the great potential of using a modeling approach to evaluatethe boosting system performance; the agreement between calculation and experiment isquite good. W’e have also used numerical simulation to investigate booster size, detonatorexplosives, size, and location effects. Costly experimental programs can, therefore, bcsubstantially cut back in scale.

ACI{N(NVLEDGMENT

The author thanks the Reaction Science Group of Los Alarrms National Laboratory forthe experimental data. Work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department ofEnerW by the Los Alarms National Laboratory under Contract Number W-74@5-ENG-36.

REFERENCES

1,

‘)-.

3.

4.

5.

G.

P. Donguy, and N. Legrand, “Numerical Silnulaticms of Non-Ideal Detonations of aHeterogeneous Explosives wit h Two Dimensional Eulcrian Code C. E. E., “Proceeding.~ofthe Seventh Symposium (International) on Detonation, h’S\V(2 hlP 82-334, (AIII~HIw-

lis, hiD, 1981), pp. 695-702.

P. K. Tang, “Initiat ii~xland Detcmnt ion of Hetcrogrnmms High Explcsiwx: A Unifiedhkxhd,” Los .41anms National L~boratory rcl)~wt LA 11352-MS, (September 19SS).

J. N. Johnson, P. K. Tang, and C. A. Forest, “Shock-Wa*;e Initiation of HctcrogmwcmsReactive Solids,” J ournal of Armlicd Physics ~, 4323-4334, (198U).

P. K. Trmg, J. N, Johnson, u)(I C. A, Forest, “blodcling Hrtmogc’:wmls High Ex])lo-sive Burn with em Ex~)licit Hot- S1mt Procrss, ” Procecding,q oj the Eighth Symposium(Intcrrlational) on Detonation , XSIYC hll’ S6-194, (All)llf~ll~~r(l~li’,Nil, 19S5), ~)11.52-61.

10

7. P. K. Tang, “A Numerical In\~estigntion of Higll-llxph)sivc Grain Size E,?t?cts on tll(’Performance of Boosters ,“ Cornhusti(m ant: !%mr 70, pp. 61,-64, (1967).

S. P. K. Timg, “A Study of Diverging Dctonati(m ill Hig~l-Exl)losivc Systclns,” Pn)cecd-imju of Interno.tie:.ai Symposium on Pywtecknics and Ezplo.~ivc.q, (Cllilla Ac;id(lxl]icPublishers, Beijing, China, October 12- ‘!5, 19S7), pp. 6S7-691.

9, P. K. Tang, “Rraction hlodcl for Shock Inititition and Dct.oxmticm t)f Hcttm]grll(~(msHigh i2xplosives,” The Ninth Symlmsium ( I1ltcrnat i~mal) on Dvt(mat ion, to t-w prc-sentcd in Portlnml, OR, Augllst 28 - %q~tm]]lwr 1, 19S!3.

10. C. L. Mader, ?$umcrical hf(~htlin~ of Drt(ulnti(ms (V1livcrsity of C}dif(m~ia Pr(w,Br~’ : y, 1979), pp. 327-329.

‘- L. ~. H. C. Hornig, and J. W. Kury, “Adi~bntic Ex]mnsi(m of High Ex~)losivr Drt -iitiOrl Pro,pert. its,” Lawrence Livcrrnorc Natioxla.1 Ln!mrntory rc])ort UCRL-W422,

~kfay 196 S).

12. J. 0, Hallquist, “Usrr’s hlanunl for 17}’Y.42D All Ex]]lirit TWVJ-DiI~w]~sioll[ll Hy{lro-dynamic F imte Elm-mmt Code with ll]t rrfww Rczonillg,” Ln~”rcnc(* Livrrnmrr Nnt iollnlLaboratory report UCID-1S756, (,liulllary 1984).

II