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8/12/2016 1 ChiroCredit.com Presents Coding and Documentation 202 Documentation Got Documentation? Presented by Dr. Gregg Friedman 1 Clinical and Practical Documentation of Chiropractic 2 3 R = Range of Motion Abnormality Identify an increase or decrease in segmental mobility using one or more of the following: Observation Motion Palpation Stress Diagnostic Imaging Range of Motion Measuring Devices

Documentation Got Documentation? - ChiroCreditWith Whiplash SPINE 2001; 26:2090‐2094 (October 1, 2001) Conclusions: Range of motion was capable of discriminating between asymptomatic

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Page 1: Documentation Got Documentation? - ChiroCreditWith Whiplash SPINE 2001; 26:2090‐2094 (October 1, 2001) Conclusions: Range of motion was capable of discriminating between asymptomatic

8/12/2016

1

ChiroCredit.com PresentsCoding and Documentation 202

Documentation Got  Documentation?

Presented by

Dr. Gregg Friedman1

Clinical and Practical Documentation

ofChiropractic

2

3

R = Range of Motion Abnormality

Identify an increase or decrease in segmental 

mobility using one or more of the following:

• Observation

• Motion Palpation

• Stress Diagnostic Imaging

• Range of Motion Measuring Devices

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4

Observation(Eyeball Method)

Subjective Interpretation of Subjective Test

Can’t be proven

Can’t show improvement or change

5

Motion Palpation

Subjective Interpretation of Objective Test

6

Stress Diagnostic Imaging

Flexion/Extension X‐Rays

Without Measurements

Subjective Interpretation of Objective Test

With Measurements

Quantitative Measurement of Objective Test

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7

Range of Motion Measuring Devices

Goniometer

Single Inclinometer

Dual Inclinometers

8

Goniometers

Good for extremities

Not Recommended For the Spine 

‐ “the small joints of the spine do not lend themselves readily to two‐arm goniometric measurements and they don’t measure above and below the assessed points.”

AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent 

Impairment, 5th Edition, page 400

9

Inclinometers

“Inclinometers are recommended by the Guides because the measurements are accurate and reproducible.”

AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent 

Impairment, 5th Edition, page 400

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Single vs. Dual Inclinometers

“Since spinal motion is compound, it is essential to measure simultaneously (emphasis added) motion of both the upper and lower extremes of the spine region being examined.”

AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th Edition, page 400

11

Range of Motion Testing

Cervical Range of Motion Discriminates Between Asymptomatic Persons and Those With Whiplash

SPINE 2001; 26:2090‐2094 (October 1, 2001)

Conclusions: Range of motion was capable of discriminating between asymptomatic persons and those with persistent whiplash‐associated disorders.

12

Mercy Guidelines and ROM

“Inclinometers are established for measurements of spinal motion.  Their common use is supported by Class I and Class II evidence and is safe and effective.”

Chapter 3, page 46

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ROM – Strength of Recommendation

Type A

Strong positive recommendation.  Based on Class I evidence or overwhelming Class II evidence when circumstances preclude randomized clinical trials.

14

Computer AssistedRange of Motion Systems

Provide improved levels of precision and reproducibility.  They are safe, effective and non‐invasive.  They require specialized training and should be interpreted by a qualified health provider.

15

Strength of Recommendation Type B

Positive recommendation based on Class II evidence.

Evidence provided by one or more well‐designed uncontrolled, observational clinical studies such as case control, cohort studies, etc.; or clinically relevant basic science studies that address reliability, validity, positive predictive value, discriminability, sensitivity and specificity; and published in refereed journals.

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Reproducible Range of Motion

“The reproducibility (precision) of an individual’s performance is one (but not the sole) indicator of optimumeffort.”  AMA Guides, 5th Edition, page 399

‐ three consecutive measurements, calculate the mean

‐ If the average is less than 50˚, three consecutive measurements must fall within 5˚ of the mean; if the  average is greater than 50˚, three consecutive measurements must fall within 10% of the mean.

‐may be repeated up to six times to obtain three consecutive measurements that meet these criteria.

17

AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 6th Edition

Page 558

“Range of motion is no longer used as a basis for defining impairment, since current evidence does not support this as a reliable indicator of specific pathology or permanent functional status.”

18

AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 6th Edition

Page 558

“However, range of motion may be used to monitor clinical progress in individuals.”

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Mercy Guidelines

If a patient does not have signs of objective improvement in any two successive 2 week periods, referral is indicated.

20

BAD Documentation of PART Cervical Range of Motion

Flexion 20°

Extension 15°

Left lateral flexion 30°

Right lateral flexion 30°

Left rotation 40°

Right rotation 50°

What’s missing?

21

GOOD Documentation of PART

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videos 1 and 2

23

Proper Code 95851 (‐59)

Range of Motion Measurements with Report

Each extremity (not hand)

Each trunk (spine) section

24

Dual Inclinometers

Manual

‐ least expensive in $, most expensive in time

Electronic/Digital

‐ still manual but more expensive in $, doesn’t 

save much time

Computerized

‐ more expensive in $, least expensive in time,  may be reimbursable with report

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How To Embarrass a DME(Defense Medical Examiner)

Range of Motion

26

Got  Documentation?

27

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Clinical and Practical Documentation

ofChiropractic

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29

T = Tissue, Tone Changes

Identify using one or more of the following:

• Observation

• Palpation

• Use of instrumentation: document the instrument being used and findings

• Tests for Length and Strength: document leg length, scoliosis contracture, and strength of muscles that relate

30

Observation Subjective Interpretation of Objective Test

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Palpation Digital For Tenderness

Subjective interpretation of subjective test (weak documentation)

Pressure Algometry for Tenderness Quantifiable measurement of subjective test (better documentation)

Digital for Spasm Subjective interpretation of objective test (better documentation)

32

Tests for Length and Strength

Manual Muscle Testing

Subjective Interpretation of Subjective Test 

Muscle Testing w/Dynamometer

Quantitative Measurement of Subjective Test

33

Dynamic Surface Electromyography

Quantitative measurement of objective test with an objective interpretation

BEST documentation of soft tissue injury that we have (the Mother Lode)

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Surface Electromyography

Measures electrical impulses generated when a muscle contracts

Functions similar to EKG, but more sensitive

35

Static Surface Electromyography

Nerve interference

muscles fire to compensate

abnormal pattern of muscle firing

36

Alex Ambroz, MD, MPH

Internationally known expert on low back pain and disability

Board‐Certified in Occupational Medicine

Board of Directors of the American Board of Independent Medical Examiners

Contributor to AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th Edition

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According to Ambroz…

Surface EMG is

Inexpensive and non‐invasive method of evaluating spine pain

Evaluates abnormal electrophysiological activity of motor unit

Ambroz et al. showed that both static and dynamic surface EMG can reliably differentiate low back pain patients from controls.

38

Outcome Measurements

According to Ambroz, surface EMG is a useful method to document outcomes.

Case Study

Attorney’s Client vehicle struck by school bus

Client not wearing seatbelt, rolled, ejected

Fracture of T7 spinous

39

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Case Study (continued)

Saw M.D.’s and D.C.’s for tx

Given 7% wpi from neurologist due to fracture

IME orthopedic surgeon agreed with 7%, but all else was normal

Offer from insurance company:

40

Case Study (continued)

Attorney sends client to ME

My IME is…NORMAL

One more test…

One abnormal finding

Raised impairment to 14% wpi due to the ONE finding

41

Case Study (continued)

Arbitration Award Based On ONE Finding…

42

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BAD Documentation of PART

Muscle spasm was noted.

Tenderness was noted.

Muscular hypertonicity was noted.

44

GOOD Documentation of PART(Daily Visits)

Muscle spasms were noted in the left trapezius, right levator scapulae and bilateral supraspinatus muscles.

45

Cervical Flexion - during this motion, the left and right cervical paraspinal and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles should be relaxing together while in the fully flexed position, contracting together when returning to the neutral position and relaxing together when in the neutral position. The results of this test revealed: The paraspinal muscles continued to contract while in the fully flexed position, which is abnormal. The paraspinal muscles continued to contract when returned to the neutral position, which is abnormal. The SCM muscles continued to contract with the neck in the fully flexed position, which is abnormal.

GOOD Documentation of PART(Exams)

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videos 3 and 4

The PART Systemof Documentation (cont’d)

HCFA/CMS requires that at least 2 of the 4 components (P, A, R, T) MUST be documented, and at least one of A or R

4747

Initial Visit Requirements

Relevant History of Patient’s Condition

Evaluation of Musculoskeletal/Nervous System through physical exam

Diagnosis

Treatment Plan:  duration and frequency of visits, specific treatment goals, objective measures to evaluate treatment effectiveness

Date of Initial Treatment

4848

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Subsequent Visit Requirements

History

Review of Chief Complaint

Improvement or regression since last

visit

System Review, if relevant

4949

Subsequent Visit Requirements (continued)

Physical Examination

Exam of the spine involved in diagnosis

Assessment of change in patient 

condition since last visit

Evaluation of treatment effectiveness

5050

Subsequent Visit Requirements (continued)

Documentation of Treatment Given on Day of Visit

Any Changes to the Treatment Plan

5151

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Got  Documentation?

53

Clinical and Practical Documentation

ofChiropractic

54

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SOAP vs. PART

Subjective

P – Pain/Tenderness

Objective

A – Asymmetry/Misalignment

R – Range of Motion Abnormality

T – Tissue/Tone Changes

Assessment

Plan

55

Assessment

How is the patient responding to care?

Since the last visit or prior exam

For each condition

Complicating Factors Patient Characteristics – i.e. age, non‐compliance, obesity

Injury Characteristics – i.e. severe signs/symptoms

History – i.e. pre‐existing pathology

56

S.O.A.P. Assessment:

Guarded

Good

Improving

Same

Regressing

Exacerbated

MMI/Static and Stationary

57

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video 5

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Plan

2 types of Plan

Treatment Plan after exams

Frequency

Duration

Goals for Each Condition

What Objective Measures Will You Use to Monitor Treatment Effectiveness?

Treatment Plan for daily visits

What did you do on that visit?

Times for timed codes

59

S.O.A.P.

Plan:

Spinal Adjustments

Extremity Adjustments

Passive Modalities

Therapeutic Procedures (Active Rehab)

60

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Therapeutic Procedures

Manual Therapy (97140)

‐ performed in order to increase functional performance, increase range of motion, decrease inflammation and reduce muscle spasms

‐ one unit equals 8 to 22 minutes

‐ key components:  what, where, why, how long

61

Therapeutic Procedures

Therapeutic Exercise (97110)

‐ performed in order to develop strength and endurance, range of motion and flexibility

‐ one unit equals 8 to 22 minutes

‐ key components:  what, where, why, how long

62

Therapeutic Procedures

Neuromuscular Re‐Education (97112)

‐ performed in order to improve movement, balance, coordination, kinesthetic sense, posture and/or proprioception for sitting and/or standing activities

‐ one unit equals 8 to 22 minutes 

‐ key components:  what, where, why, how long

63

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More About Plan

At Exams and Re‐Exams Visit Frequency and Duration Goals of Treatment Re‐evaluations

Prescriptions Home exercises Pillow Exercise ball Traction device

64

Bad Plan

Chiropractic Adjustments Were Performed.

Manual Therapy Was Performed.

65

Good Plan

Chiropractic adjustments were performed to hypomobile subluxations at C3, C7, T4, T5, L3 and L5.

Manual therapy was performed for 10 minutes to the left levator scapulae muscle in order to increase functional performance, increase range of motion, decrease inflammation and reduce muscle spasms.

66

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Videos 6 and 7

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Medicare Diagnoses

According to CMS, the level of subluxation must be specified on the claim as the PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS.

The neuromusculoskeletal condition necessitating the treatment must be listed as the SECONDARY DIAGNOSIS.

69

Primary ICD10 Diagnoses

M99.00  Segmental and Somatic Dysfunction of Head Region       (some states)

M99.01  Segmental and Somatic Dysfunction of Cervical Region

M99.02  Segmental and Somatic Dysfunction of Thoracic Region

M99.03  Segmental and Somatic Dysfunction of Lumbar Region

M99.04  Segmental and Somatic Dysfunction of Sacral Region

M99.05  Segmental and Somatic Dysfunction of Pelvic Region

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Secondary ICD 10 Diagnoses(generally require short‐term treatment)

Headaches

Spondylosis with myelopathy

Spondylosis with radiculopathy

Spondylosis w/out myelopathy or radiculopathy

Ankylosing hyperostosis

Cervicalgia

Pain in thoracic spine

Low back pain

71

Secondary ICD 10 Diagnoses(generally require moderate‐term treatment)

Plexus disorders

Root disorders

Nerve root disorders

Pain in unspecified joint

Spondylolisthesis

Fusion of spine

Torticollis

72

Secondary ICD 10 Diagnoses(generally require moderate‐term treatment)

Spinal enthesopathy

Spinal stenosis

Disc disorder with radiculopathy

Disc disorders

Cervicocranial syndrome

Radiculopathy

Muscle spasm of back

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Secondary ICD 10 Diagnoses(generally require moderate‐term treatment)

Myalgia

Fibromyalgia

Osseous stenosis

Intervertebral disc stenosis

74

Secondary ICD 10 Diagnoses(generally require longer term treatment)

Disc displacement

Disc degeneration

Sciatica

Lumbago with sciatica

Post‐laminectomy

75

Videos 8 and 9

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Medicare

Exacerbations

Date of Onset

76

Medicare Audit Triggers

Same Diagnoses For All Patients

Onset Date Doesn’t Change

98940, 98941, 98942 frequency of use

Required Elements of the history and exam absent

Treatment Plan – lacked specific and measurable goals

Missing or incomplete P.A.R.T. elements

77

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