Document Splitting - 2013

7/29/2019 Document Splitting - 2013

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Document Splitting - 2013

Document Splitting

You can use document splitting to automatically split line items for selected dimensions

(such as receivable lines by profit center) or to effect a zero balance setting in thedocument for selected dimensions. In document splitting, the system creates additional

clearing lines.

Document splitting enables you to draw up complete financial statements for the followingdimensions at any time:

Segments

Profit centers

Business areas

Funds

Receivables

Customer-defined dimension (customer field)You can, for example, create a segmented display of a (partial) balance sheet according to a

set of legal requirements (for example, IAS or US GAAP) or according to areas ofresponsibility (such as profit centers).

In addition, you can allocate at the time of posting additional costs (such as realized or

valuated exchange rate differences) to the CO-relevant account assignment objects to whichthe costs relate. You can also subsequently capitalize fixed assets at the time of posting.Implementation Considerations

The implementation of document splitting requires careful analysis of your businessprocesses, identification of the relevant business transactions, and in many cases the

adaptation of document types. For more information, seeMigration to New General LedgerAccounting and Migration with Document Splitting.

If you have upgraded the SAP system, classic Financial Accounting is still active and

continues to function as before. Furthermore, if you would like to migrate to new GeneralLedger Accounting, consult SAP Note 812919.

If you already use new General Ledger Accounting in your production system and now want

to implement document splitting subsequently, you need to use the General LedgerMigration Cockpitwith scenario 6. For more information, see Subsequent Implementation of

Document Splitting.If you want to make subsequent changes to document splitting, consult SAP Note 891144.

IntegrationDocument splitting is a function of new General Ledger Accounting (as of SAP ERP 5.0). It is

comparable with document splitting for special purpose ledgers (FI-SL).Document splitting uses document splitting characteristics as account assignment objects to

portray the dimensions.Document splitting has an effect on subsequent processes, such as closing operations, and

on processes in Controlling (CO).The following figure shows the data flow of documents when document splitting is applied:

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Data Flow of DocumentsFor more information on the Accounting interface, see Interfaces to Accounting (AC).

FeaturesDocument splitting is based on the unique assignment of document types to predefined,

non-modifiable business transactions (or their attributes in a business transaction variant)as well as on the assignment of accounts to predefined, non-modifiable item categories. The

item categories are used to define document splitting rules, which, depending on thebusiness transaction, determine which items of a document the system splits and how. A

document splitting rule is assigned to a document splitting method. To activate documentsplitting, assign a document splitting method. A document splitting method contains the

document splitting rules that the system uses to split documents.

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Document SplittingThe standard delivery contains a standard document method that you can use in most cases

unchanged. However, you can also define your own document splitting rules and methodsso as to adapt the standard document method to meet your requirements. For more

information, see Document Splitting Method.Document Splitting Process

Document splitting runs as follows:1. When making a posting, the system determines from the document type the

underlying business transaction, assigns the item category to the individual itemswithin the document, and checks whether the item categories are permitted for that

business transaction.

2. The system creates a reference to preceding documents (such as clearing andinvoice reference). The system applies the account assignments that you have defined

as document splitting characteristics for General Ledger Accounting. For moreinformation, see Passive Document Splitting.

3. Depending on the classification of the document, the system applies the relateddocument splitting rule for the document in which it is specified how the document issplit and for which line items. For more information, seeActive Document Splitting.

4. If the system cannot determine the account assignments of the document splittingcharacteristics for individual line items, it can determine the account assignments

either by inheritance or by using a standard account assignment. This can benecessary if the required information is not yet available when the posting occurs. You

can use account assignment inheritance or standard account assignment to simplify

document splitting. For more information, see Enhancement Logic.

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5. For individual document splitting characteristics for General Ledger Accounting, youcan define that the line items for these document splitting characteristics must be

assigned to an account (required entry field). The system then checks whether the line

items for these document splitting characteristics have an account assignment. Ifnot,the system rejects the posting and issues an error message. For more information,

see Validation of the Document Splitting Characteristics for General Ledger

Accounting.6. If the document does not produce a balance of zero for balancing dimensions, the

system creates additional clearing items that ensure that the balancing dimensions inthe document do produce a balance of zero. For additional information, see Creation of

the Zero Balance Setting for Each Document.For an example of the document splitting process, see Overview of Document Splitting

Process.Subsequent Processes

You can use the split line items in all other application components for subsequentprocesses and transfer them to other programs or interfaces, such as for the following

processes:

Realized Exchange Rate DifferencesYou can also use the CO-relevant account assignments relating to the costs to post

realized exchange rate differences with clearing or partial payments.

Closing OperationsYou can perform closing operations, such as foreign currency valuation of open items,

for the document splitting characteristics defined.For more information, see Subsequent Processes.

Simulation of Document SplittingDuring document entry, you can simulate the resulting postings. From the simulation in the

general ledger view, you can call the expert mode. In the expert mode, you obtain detailed

information about the split document as well as about the document splitting rules applied.Furthermore, the expert mode allows you to view the Customizing settings for document

splitting specific to the business transaction.

For more information, see Simulating Documents in the General Ledger View.

Displaying the Split DocumentYou can display a document in Financial Accounting as follows:

In the entry view

From the view of a ledger in the general ledger view and with the clearing lines

generated by document splittingHow the document is displayed in the general ledger view depends on whether the

ledger to which you want to post contains the document splitting characteristics that

the system uses to split the document.For more information, see Document Display.

ConstraintsYou can only use document splitting for documents that you can uniquely assign to a

business process. The relevant relationship is unclear when there are multiple businessprocesses within one document (see also Active Document Splitting).

ExampleThe following examples show a unique business process with document splitting:

Example 1: InvoiceA vendor invoice is entered with the following items:

Vendor Invoice During Entry

Posting Key Account Segment Amount

31 Vendor 100.00

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Vendor Invoice During Entry


40 Expense 0001 40.00

40 Expense 0002 60.00

Document splitting then creates the following document in the general ledger view:

Document in General Ledger View


31 Payables 0001 40.00

31 Payables 0002 60.00

40 Expense 0001 40.00

40 Expense 0002 60.00

Example 2: Payment

The payment for the above vendor invoice then contains the following items when entered:

Payment During Entry


50 Bank 95.00-

25 Vendor 100.00

50 Cash discount received 0001 2.00-


Document splitting then creates the following document in the general ledger view:

Document in General Ledger View


50 Bank 0001 38.00-

50 Bank 0002 57.00-

25 Payables 0001 40.00

25 Payables 0002 60.00



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