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  • DOCUMENT RESUME - ERICDOCUMENT RESUME, ED. 131 692 FL 008 146" AUTHOR Enteser, M. Ehsen TITLE...
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DOCUMENT RESUME , ED. 131 692 FL 008 146" AUTHOR Enteser, M. Ehsen TITLE intermediate Dan for Peace Corps Volunteers. Afghanistan.' INSTITUTION' Peace Corps, Washington D.C. PUE DATE May 66 'NOTE 188p. EDRS PRICE 'MF-$0483 HC-$10;03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS. Adult Education Programs; Adult Programs; Adult Students; Educational Programs;. *Instructional materiAls;'*Language instruction; Language Programs; *Languages for Special Purposes; Pattern Drills- (language); *second Language Learning; *Textbooks- Uncommonly Taught LanguageS; Volunteers IDENTIFIERS Afghanistan; *Hari; *Peace Corps ABSTRACT I Thi.D more advanced Dari text was designed for_Peace Corps Volunteers in Afghanistan who desired to speak the langdage on higher levels, but it could also be used dmring the last part of the training programs in the United.States. It follows the author's elementary text, "Farsi Reference Manual Basic Course," which has been-used in all the Afghan Peace Corps training.programs. This text is divided into eight units which contain'presentation, reinforcement..recapitnlation, and conversation drills. Dari script materials are included, (CFM) *** ********** ************* ********** ******************* * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes everydeffort * to obtain%the best copy available. Neverthelesse itcms of marginal * reproducibility are often'encountered and this affefAs the quality * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. ********************************** ******************************** ci

DOCUMENT RESUME - ERICDOCUMENT RESUME, ED. 131 692 FL 008 146" AUTHOR Enteser, M. Ehsen TITLE intermediate Dan for Peace Corps Volunteers. Afghanistan.' INSTITUTION' Peace Corps, Washington

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  • DOCUMENT RESUME,

    ED. 131 692 FL 008 146"

    AUTHOR Enteser, M. EhsenTITLE intermediate Dan for Peace Corps Volunteers.

    Afghanistan.'INSTITUTION' Peace Corps, Washington D.C.PUE DATE May 66

    'NOTE 188p.

    EDRS PRICE 'MF-$0483 HC-$10;03 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS. Adult Education Programs; Adult Programs; Adult

    Students; Educational Programs;. *InstructionalmateriAls;'*Language instruction; Language Programs;*Languages for Special Purposes; Pattern Drills-(language); *second Language Learning; *Textbooks-Uncommonly Taught LanguageS; Volunteers

    IDENTIFIERS Afghanistan; *Hari; *Peace Corps

    ABSTRACTI Thi.D more advanced Dari text was designed for_Peace

    Corps Volunteers in Afghanistan who desired to speak the langdage onhigher levels, but it could also be used dmring the last part of thetraining programs in the United.States. It follows the author's

    . elementary text, "Farsi Reference Manual Basic Course," which hasbeen-used in all the Afghan Peace Corps training.programs. This textis divided into eight units which contain'presentation,reinforcement..recapitnlation, and conversation drills. Dari scriptmaterials are included, (CFM)

    *** ********** ************* ********** ******************* *Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished

    materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes everydeffort* to obtain%the best copy available. Neverthelesse itcms of marginal* reproducibility are often'encountered and this affefAs the quality* of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes availablevia the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is notresponsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductionssupplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original.********************************** ********************************

    ci

  • INTERMEDWE DART

    for

    P CE CORSVOLUNTES

    AFGHANTSTAN

    2reliminary Copy

    M. Ehsen EnteserUniversity of,Tex 1966

  • PBEFACE

    In 1963 when the al thor, for the firat time, tookcharge of the language training of Afghan III, noadequate, linguistically sound Dori materials wereavailable for the Afghan Peace Corpa" trainees.- Theauthor was encouraged to revise the Dari materialswhich he had developed and they were triad out onAfghan III. As u result, his Feral Referenee Man4210Pasic Ceurse, waa completed in 1944. Since then ithas been used 1-1- al 1- the Afghan Peace Corpstraining programs

    Due to the quality of instrUetion; and awillingness on the ,part of the PCV'Ll in Afghan stetto speak the language on higher levels, the needfor a more advanced Dari tdxt wee strongly felt byalmost every PCV in Afghanistan._ _Plera was stillanOtherLimportant reason for the' prekoration efsuch a teat.. Most of the Afghans who were tuteringthe PCVs- knew very little-about language teaehinglamguage learning .and the grammatical structureDat:1 and Engliahi. Hence, most of these privatelessons were a waste of time, enerfy arid money.,They needed a text to guide them in their prive elessons.

    The PCVs as well 03 some Peace CorPs staff inKabul eriCouraged the author to write IntermediateDari (Afghan Persian). Originally, the aithor hadthe prepaation of an Advanced-Dori text in mind._Due to his engagements in other Afghanistan 'PeaceCorps training programs, however, he was unable towrite such a book. He had finished only eightunits when he was asked to coordinate Afghan VIIIand IX at the' University of Texaa. Sip the authorhad no other choice; 11,.: had to add one more chapterand call it Intermediate Dari instead of AdvancedDar' and to máki it available for the .PCVs in

    g 1anietcn.

  • Intermediate Dari has enough grammaticalpatterns, idiomatic phrases and-vocabulary toenable-the learner to reach the FSI S2+ rating.

    Although thiS text is for.the PCVs inAfghanistan, it could very well be used duringthe ,last part of the training prograMs in theUnited States. The aUthor used part of this textfor'Afghan-VIII-since the Farsi_Roference_Manuelwas covered during the first ten weeks of the-

    . training.

    The .. author cannot be responsible for the =DoriScript materials of Intermediate Dari: stnce they atemerely tronslations of--the sPoken-materials.and byall Moans not controlled. He was asked by the PeaceCorps Director to include the script in this-book.The script materials of Interthediate pari, however,sheuld be- uSefill'for.interthediate students of Dori.scriptl not for the beginners.

    This text, like FtroiReference Manual BasicCourse (1964),was produced under a contract with

    . the Peace Corps in the short period of four monthsand must be considered within that light. Onceagain it is only a first draft, and will be reyispd .in the near future when the author has more time.

    The author acknowledges the .helpful suggestionsand translations of A. Q. Ghazanfor, Kabul University;Dr. A. Jawed, Faculty of Letters; and a number ofPeace Corps Volunteers. He is grateful to ElaineBond, Mary Lou Gouttierre and Charlene Reeves fortyping the various units of this te.A; to Joe Rollinsonfor ceordinating-the printing; and to Jon Wicklund forhiS patience in getting all parts of the book and/.giving them to the volunteer secretaries for typing.;

    Ehs n Entez

    May, 19661===x

    4431in, Texas U.S.A.

  • me: -anenf. ale

    me;tanom (ke) emro:z

    m .tanom (ke) saeba

    me:tanes om (ke) diro:z

    me:tane (Ice) pareal

    tomarae bebe o

    ketabae bexaerom..

    Advanced Parsi

    I can e you n

    can buy the boektoday.

    taetae raewan konom.I qan send theletter tomorrow.

    sornaraeI bebenom. I could have seenyou yesterday.

    I could (havebought) the book.last year.

    ketabae bexaerem.

    me:tanes (ke)ipaere:ro;zxaetae J raewan konom I eould,(have sent)the letter daybefore esterda--

    mment

    1) Use me:tanom wi h ale, saeba, emr6:z, etc.2) Use me.tanestom w th diro:z, parsal, paere:r o.z, _eto3) No matter what the tense is, ute the ba!_eform optati e of theverb with the Parei word meaning cam-

    PRESENTATION,DRILLSDrill A.

    me:tanom ke ale bUtaye xodae raeng konom.

    me:tanom ke ale aemray- soma gaeb bezaenem.

    .me:tanom ke ale kalaye xodae iaebdil konom.

    me:tanom ke ale no:tae polesya ko

    me:tanom ke ale sacwda ae bexaerom.

    m :tanem ke ale paeyse=xodae Xaerc konom.

    :tanom-ke ale me:waerae boo:yom

    me:tnorn ke ale pevrane xodae otu kono

    me:tanom ke-ale zaerfarae jols betom.

    e;tanorn ke ale te:le xak bexaerom.

  • UNIT I

    Drifl B.

    me:tanae ke eumb:z daexane olam borae.

    -me:tanae ke m z pe:se xaeyat borae.

    'me:tanae ke emro:z dae xagybaer nen coxorse,

    me:tanae ke emro:z dee po:haentun byayae.

    me:tanae ke emro:z dae senf daere,betae.

    rne:tanae ke emrotz dae xane jan mateletén basae.

    me:tanae ke emro:z dae e:mani faerid borae

    me:tanae ke emro:z seere to:seek nen boxorae.

    me:tanae ke emro:z dee maenzele bale man boxorae,

    me:tame ke em -:z taeraefe park qaedaeMbeze _ae.

    e:tane:n_ke ernsai paeysae (pul ) pees aendaz kon n.

    naeme:tane:n ke ernsal eemraye destetan nan boxore:n.'

    naeme:t e:n ke emsal ko am qalin bex.Lere:no_

    neeme:t. e:n ke emsal dae aetraf kar kone:n .

    naeme: ane:ajce emaal aez i maektaeb xodae tabdil kone n.

    naeme tane-:n'ke emsal dae abtraf deers bete:no

    naeme:tane:n ke emsa2 dae taeyarae qondoz bore:n.

    naeme:tane:n ke-emsal se deefae aemrika bo e:n.

    naeme:tane:n ke emsal aez aeirika paele ris boxe5re:n.

    naeme:tane:n ke emsal aez daefteere pis ko:r paeysae qaerz kone:no

  • UNIT I. Advanced Farsi

    Drill D.

    naeme:tanom ke

    naeme.tene;m ke

    emro:z sino alr-park borem?

    emro.z aez raeyis sayb roxseet beger

    neeme:tane:m ke emyo

    na me:tane:m ke

    haeme:tanem ke

    naeme:tane:m kb

    naeme:t :m.ke

    naeme:t- e:m ke

    naeme:tane ke

    naeme:tenem ke

    :tanesta n ke

    -w soma ae begere,:m?

    enro:z _ajel bae deers gaep beza

    emro:z aez-sagerda emtehan begurem

    emo:z eezmuzyaem didaen kone:m?

    eMro:z aeznaerizetan didaen kone:m?

    einTO:z aez otagetan estefudae kone:ua

    emro:z kaerimeSanae me:man konem?

    o:z raje:bae emtehan maejles kone:m?

    diro:z.somarap ma konaen.

    me:tanestach ke dirntz janee a ngui x rdaen bobaeraen.,

    me:tanestaea ke

    me:tanestaen ke

    me.tanestaen ke

    dirmz.aez.paegman raefteen :Marfa naozaer konaen.

    diro:Zaez ozna1cämaek bexayaen.

    diro:z aez gailm xperidaen saerf jhaezaer kohean.

    ne:tenestaen ke di

    ma:tanestaen ke diro:z

    me:tanestaen ke d o:z

    me:tanestaen ke

    me:tarestaen k

    z aez xanae ameedaen eaerfè naezaer konaen.

    aez xanae palidaen seerfe naezaer konaen.

    aez saeb payidaen saerfe naezaer konaen.

    diro:z aez emtehan dadaen saerfe naezaer konaen.

    diro:z aez maeriz didaen aaerfe naezaer kpnaen.

  • 'T Advanced F-

    Drill F.

    naeme:tanestom ke aefte gozae-stae somarae maaas betem.

    naeme:tanestom.ke aefte gozaehtas somarae pul qaerz be o

    -

    naeme:tanestom ke aefte gozaestae somarae-waezifae beton._ ,

    na e:t estom ke aeft gozaestae somarae kare xanaegi be o

    naeme:tanestom ke aefte gozaestae somarae bsysekele xodae aemanaetbeto

    naeme:tanestom ke aefte gezaeStae%Somarae m#Faemae nesan,betem.

    naeme:tanesto \ke aefte gozaeStae do arae r-oksaet batoM.

    erne tanestom ke aefte gezae§tae sornarae baxsesi betom.

    naeme:tan_ tom ke aefte gozaestae somarae pakaet betom.

    na e:tanestom ke aefte gozaeAae soMara me:Mani betoM.

    Drill G.ke m :tanae k9 rajei bae tarix aefganestan gaep bezaeae.

    ke Me:tanae ke ra bae-sehaete amae gaep-bezaenae.:

    ke me:tanae ke raje: bae raxsaeti zemestan gaep bezaenae.

    ke -:tanae ke raje: bae dine ealam gaep bezaenae.

    ke nie:tanae ke raje 'bate saderate aemrika gaep bezaenae,

    ke me:tanae ke raje: bae taeqsim aewqate emtehan gasp bezaenae.

    ke me:tanae ke bae abohaeway aefganestan gaep bezaenae.

    ke metanae ke raje: bee zogale'aaeng gaep bezaenae.

    ke me:tanae ke raje: bae maegale 'agaye fedayi gaep bezaenae.

    ke me:tanae ke raj :.bae maesuliyaethaye ostada gaep bezaenae.

  • IT IAdvaxiced F

    arill H.

    me:tane:n ke ketabara,

    me:tane:n ke

    me:tane:n ke

    'me:tabe:nke

    me:tane:n ke

    me:tane:n ke

    me:tane:n ke

    me:tane:n

    meltanstn ke

    saere me:2 bane:h?

    pyalae wo caynaekae dae aelmari bane:n?

    maektutee daejays bane:b?

    baleetarae saere to:saek b le:n?

    de:gee seem ojag bane:n?

    xaetae dae pakaet bane:n?

    klacaerae saere me:2 bane:n?

    Aa!arwazeaewlirde:waz banitn?

    kelkine otagae saewanaer waz bane:n?

    REINFORCMEMT DMUS

    Drill-A.

    TEACHER

    Soma mertane:n ke emro:2 sef_

    jan me:tanae ke emiaew sinoma

    STUDENT

    aet bore:n? baele:, me:

    borae? baele: me:tanad.

    mae me:tanom ke saeba yaeg daefae somarae bebenom? baele:, me:tane:n.

    sagerda me:tanaen ke emso:b emtehan betaen?

    raefigetan me:tanae ke ale aemrgye golam farslgaep bezaenae?

    Me: ke aspaezet

    me:t- e:M ke faeri

    riae yaeg daefae bazar raewankonom?

    baele: mettanaen.

    baele:

    baele: -mertafte:n.

    ae molaga ne:m? baele:, m :tane:n.

  • T IAdvanced F

    TEACIER

    mae xodem

    Jan xodes me:t

    -om ke Ale .kalarap otu konom?

    nae ke ale otaqae jeru kon ?

    me:tame ke emrtiz dosenfae deers betae? -ne:2 u x (16' naae:tana

    maektdeb borem? ne:, mae xodn naeme:tanom.

    me:tanaep ke saeba

    taerJomani konaen? ne:, una xode-San.nae:

    raefiqetan xodes

    ioma xodetan me:

    nofkdera xo

    iagerda xo

    me:manetan xodeé

    ma !cod

    STUDDIT

    soma xodstan naeme:t

    ne:, u xodeS nasme:tanas.

    ane:n ke aero:.s Day pyadae_ ,

    me:tanaen ke emro:z moskelatexodae bogo:yaen?

    me:tenae ke dagae s baXane:ma ayae?

    me:tane:m ke- deba dae qae-darsaefasr k ne:m?

    aspaez Xodes me: nao Ice ale saere qotirae

    upa xodeian nae

    xodii n :tanae,

    nema xodema nes -*

    .waz konae? ne:, u xodes naeme:

    10

    e;11.

    a n.

  • UNIT.

    Drill C.

    TEACHER

    ki-me:tanest ke di- :z pae

    ke parse). 1

    S TUBER

    bores., soma

    Advanced Farsi

    a me:t e te:n ke diro:z pgnan bore:n.,

    _aerae bexaerae? (jan)

    jan me.tanest ke parsal mo:taerae bexaerae.

    ki me:tanest ke digaeb sinoma borae:

    mae me:tanestom ke d1aeb 8i.norna borom.

    ki st ke diro:z\e:io xaeyat borae? (

    aspaez me:tanest ke diro:z pe:se xaeyat

    borae.

    ki me:tarest ke parsal the xanabadsàefaer konae u)

    tanest ke pareal dee xanabad saefaer

    konae.

    ki A- anest kedir z da maejIes ae)

    mae me:tanes om ke diro

    ki me:tonest ke dieaeb aemrayetan sinoma borae?

    soma

    ae maejles bo

    ,:taneste:n ke disaeb aem

    ki Me:t=:est ke paerelro:z qasemae molaciat konae? (

    ma te:tanestem k- Tae ,z

    sinoma

    ab molaciat

    kone:m.

  • MIT I Advanced

    Drill D.

    TEACHER,

    e:ckaes naetanest ke

    MEM_ bazar bo_ (golam

    eoto. ne:, golam raeft.

    e:clzaes naetanest ke taer om konae? (mae

    coto: ne:, mae

    e:ckaes a _1 est ke galinae bexa a (aemu aemrikayi)

    ckass est ke seers e a

    ne aemu aemrikayi cer1d.

    nae?

    co- nle:, ma waz kad

    a:ekaes n- _apest ke dae MQ: rae?

    zoto: ne:, jan rioft .

    e:ckaéshtanes ke eniteh - hatae? (do naefaer

    .coto: ne:- do naefaer eehan dad.

    ja:ekads.n_ -anest ke rno3kelatetanae hael konae? lemsayb)

    n aelemsayb hae3 kaad.

    e:ekaes naetanest ke nanae ta -sim konae?

    coto: ne:, aupaez taNsint.

    0:ekaes naetaxest ke lekca=i terjomae konao? golam

    eoto:,ne* gollm

    e:ekaes iaetanest ke somarae ra&momayi konae? do:st

    e:ekaesnaotu3t ke golamae kom

    ed.

    cote: no:, o:stetanraehomayi k d.

    konae?

    eoto: ko:maek e

  • TEACiR

    Id me:anae ke. bitaymae aarg

    Id kf; raeqa1aerae taerjomtle konae

    keea xaeridaen, borapp oke elev:z taeiiine paeye : e

    xo name;

    ROW X0 TIMM° t

    a nae cum.

    a ae-ke-yieg daetne daeftáorepiako:rJan xo naemeztnae,

    ke aerotz d o e m,

    kabol pul paca aendazkoma piakorra xo

    naemeItanaem.

    ke snore b ekel pao& boae . enomatan. X0naemertsnest

    anne ke mae xo' mem

    anae ke- a

    ma 'co nae

  • d Farsi

    ke :n? mro:z:nd om laken .2

    me:tanomke emo:aemrãrdakáez,= hamedgsep bezaenom? emro:z naeme: tRze n, laken diroz

    me:tamesee:n.

    k .emsal ae inoma bora -emtel naamme:taneet.

    ken pars

    emro:z naerne:tenom, laken dird zme:tanestom.

    :tanest ke PR -real =áal naeme:t

    ems'aiawe.;

    r

    diro:temro:z:::;!:,anom, 1

    gip kemuzyeeme kaboldidaen kona:n?

  • Advanced, F

    RECP2ITULATE:1i fa

    Drill A.

    TEACHER'' STUDDIT

    .mertianorn ke sle .yaeg

    sbma bne:n ke ale yaeg daefa

    goma me:tarrestembebene:n._

    ospasze-bebenae.

    ke diro:z yaeg daefae jan e

    mawosoma me:bebenem,

    mawesorna me:tanestem ke diro.z yaeg da.efaeeriae fako:lte aedaebejatae bebene:m.

    este:rn ke diro:z eg daefae janeei'

    ---mayosoma me:tene:rn ke degaesceba yaeg daetaeraey1e fako:ite aedasbeyatiae bebenam.

    -gagerdaye iolamme:tanaen ke degaesaeba yaegdaefae raerise fako:lte aedaebeyatae bebenaen.

    _

    ye golam me:tenestaeri ke aefte: gozaestaep fako:lte aedaebeyatae bobenaen.

    . 4bozkassirae

    .-sagerdaye golan me:tanestasn ko Aelte:felme banoranae bebenaen.

    ki me:tanest ke aefte: goza ae fel:6ebebena?

    ki nie:taneat ke aefte: gozáeatae bozkaesiraebebena?

  • 1 6

  • ste:n ke diro:z no.taa po eve kone:n?

    4:kagaez

    z.aewan

    he. (

    gozaal ae

    molar:lilt:16nm

    ,komaek-

    (endinci

    z pe:s

    -maerefi

    ae fganestanGe

    17

    A

  • Advanced Farei

    e. kire xodap xaelaø konae.

    kare Xwae

    flaewestae

    diro:z,

    :z

    raewan,

    pe:ran

    iiiiaaw

    tu kens°

    .aero.z

    teket

    seteeftete,

    1 8'

  • .bobaedietni ma_ dao qalin xaeri. °gas ined.ne:stom, laken`emro:0- ;besyar kar. &trot wee basarraeftienaemitanom. ._

    naamettane:n ke emro:z aezxaeridaen saerfe naeoaer koneim.mae xo me:Tana-in Ice Beebe aernreyetangain xaeridaen borco.

    ae ice mae degaesaebaaemrika me-from wae saebem karepaeporte xodae xaelas re:konom.

    cera ne aema beradaeretanam daesaewda.xaeridaen xub xat bud?

    mestanae ke denk konae.

    EteSS lot °tan taesaekor. mae-entezare beradaeretanie darom.

    xaey y-aeg caerd dee:114as metalme:kone:n ke beradaeremae pkonom ke aemrsietan,cialin xaeridaentoKae?

    Noce ae baed nets cera 6aendro:s 'pe:s yaeg qalizie beayar kub,

    ma kaeridae bud..

    baele4 1 vs e: tangs. e:nae m as aemiaetft mg :Tom wae baereg me:gom Re

    soma qli xaeridaen borae.

  • .:Dr41-1A- eJontinued.

    can boil the dishes now.

    I c 'buy kerosene now.

    Dr _I

    He: can. go to Ghulams h6use today.

    can go. :the tailar Aoday.

    .1 He can eat at the Khaibar 'today.

    He can come -_y

    _He can wait for you at John' s House.

    :-Tio-'00. go tO s invitationr :today.

  • Yon...-pan.t say-

    You an't eat by your hands thisyear

    You buy a y rugs hi year;

    Ybu 9spit rorkintheproiinceS' this yeer.

    You can't change from thisschool this- year.

    Yot can't teach in theprovinces this year.

    You.canttt fly to Qundus this year

    :You dan' t go ,to the U. S...three. tiMes this year.

    an't order razor bladthe U.S. this year.

    You can'.t borrow-money fromthe'. Naos. Corps, office thisoar..

    Drill D.

    , Can't we "go to the Park Cinema

    Caztiask permissfon n excusefromtoday

    Can't we ask-permi ion from you today?

    prebident (director)

    -Can't we talk abo thS o :todsy

    Can't_we give the students an exaltbdoer

    I

    .Canit wevsitthe museUM today?

    Can't we visit your -ati

    Can't wô usoyour.

    t toclay?

    today?

    0 4 4,)1:".r AV I

    barrwmi 01; jb,

  • DriJi D continued

    can:t we invite theKurtoddy? .

    t.-we have a, meet pg.aboutthe etam' today?

    TheY' could introduce- couldhave introduced you yesterday.t.

    They could take Johli,buy grapes yesterday.

    They could forget aboutgoing to 2aghman yesterday

    ,

    TheY could ask you fgr helpyesterday.

    They- could- torgriabout buying therug yesterday.

    They could forget :about cominghome yesterday.

    ,r.

    hey could forget. abotit.---. looking for ta, house yester

    They could forget aboutstaying overnight yesterd

    ,-.,:

    They could fbrget about:taking- the exam yesterd

    ,They could- forget aboUt. seeing the sick mail)yesterday.

  • I couldn' tlast wepic.

    iy:o you your salary

    I-couldn'

    I cOuldnit give.you hoiiweek.

    couldn't lend you mbicycle las week-.

    I.cou dn't showyou themusetiM last week.

    cou excube you last week.

    I couldn' giveyoU any tip-last week .

    an envelope_ cSly

    couldn't invite you giVe you aninvitation) last week.

  • Drill. G.

    Who can talk -about. the historyof Afghanistan?

    can talk about the public health?

    can talk about the wvacations?

    Who .can talk about the religion ofIslam?

    o can talk about the- AmericanExports?can talk abou

    uiecan talk about the climate

    of Afghanistan?Who can talk 'about cbal

    ,

    Who can talk about hi'. Fedayi'sarticle?

    Who can talk about the respon-sibilities of the professor?

    an kali put the .books on the desk?

    Can you put the- 'cupin the -cupboard?

    Canisu Tut the uttc

    Can you pat the pillown on

    45-

    ji2.11.; 45.4:1

    Can you pu

    Can kou puenvelop9

    you pittzbloi

    the pep on the 31/45

    4310 u.t..1 ailcysJ .

    P-You leave the ccrpound.door

    Can Ytaljjeave the i7irtdcfst open atnif,W

  • ja.SJ

    -

  • z

    elr

    r 77-ri

  • UNIT v :wed Fa s

    emro:z

    Bayead (ice) ale borom.

    Savaed (k ) amsaew borom.

    Ilomhen (k saeba borom.

    diro:z

    ba -d (ie ) diro:z me:raeftom.

    sayasd (ka ) aisaew me:raaftom.

    momken (ke ) garsal me:raaftom.

    1-tzem-a ke) ale byay lazem bud (ke) diro:z myamaedont.

    az-aess (ke) eesaw byayom. ejazae bud (ke) daSew myamaedom.aetmisS ke) Beebe byayom. aetmi bud (ke) dirq:z myamaedom.

    momken.aess(ke) ala byayom. momkan bud (Ice) disaew myamaedom.

    zaerur aess(ke) amsaew bvayom. zaerur bud (k disaew myamaedom.

    Comments:

    1) Alqays use bayaed, i';ayaed, and momken with the optativeform of the Iistb,when the tinse-17-5Fesent or future, e.g.bayaed ke amro:z borom.

    'In the past, however, you should always use the-prefix me:-with the past stem of the verbs: bayaed ke dito:z me:raefto

    lazem, eja_ae; aetmi, xaerur and momkin are often, thoughhcA always, with tne optative forErTM-Verbs_in the presentfuture and the me- f rm otvorba when the tense is simple

  • Drill

    bayaed k

    babaad ke

    PRESZMTATIO 1.111

    ae o:z daa kar aajaaLa konom4

    aero:z dee aami.xanaa zendaeg .,konom.

    bayaad ka aet4o z aawdanaa por konom4

    ba37ad. ka aero:z boxariraa deer betom

    bayaad ke aaro;z tamirae xaebaer bigirom.

    bayaed ka aaro;z otaciaa,golf konom.

    bayaed ke aaro:z saetlaa xali konom.

    bayaed ke aero:z taesnabae ga,rm konom.

    bayaad ka aero:z pamane saefe:d,-bopo:som.

    bayaad ke a o:z daa saarwis maektaeb borom,

    sayaadika

    sayae. ke

    Sayaad k

    sayaad

    -sayaed.ke

    sayaad

    ayaad ka

    Sayaed ka

    ayaad Ic

    golam otlaa ali konaa.

    amro:z golam

    'sayaae, ka

    sayaad

    o:z

    0:2

    snro:z

    tfargs bo*aoyae.

    golam karaa oaa konae .

    iviem aawdana prir kona- ,

    golam mo:taaraa te:iae koha

    amro:z golam gaapa 'bawaer konaa.

    o:z golam gaapaa (la bul konae., ..

    golam.sagardArae Jaaza batae

    amro:z golam golaraa a2w betae.

    amro:z golam mitaaraa gol'konae.

    :z golam aemrayam mowafaciae konae ..

  • (k,) arafta2 taaraafe da-rya qaadaam bezaen r

    l -so ac (ka) Afar asftaa aegi .ararak t :aawom.

    aaftas ko: baLa saawom.

    lazc:m aass.(hs)-aur asftaa daa caamaan'bazi konom.

    -Asr aaftaa daa maa

    ,lazam asn aeftaa d:, b-g satarl kotorii .

    lazoo asss aaftaa dAa manae taafri konom.

    lozam a2fta dae pagman

    la (ka. ) a:r aaftd..!

    lazem aass (ka) asfta- daa

    7az-sm aass naamaz bo::anora .

    lazam aass (ka) aa tacD.

    . bayaacl

    bay:

    bayaccl k d:i_rotZ rinaba3n1 Mu larida:m.

    dAro:c bury

    b&a l rUro z t2ka- oa=arida:m.

    bayas he cliro :z 7,!aa1ta kagazzi mam.arida:m.

    baya Vro:z ..:span m-:%aerida:Ok

    diro: z langi m.:caarida:m.

    fito z anjanb rnmi ms:Ica

    baya cro:z ball

    ba,,, . ka di abas

    - b diro aynaa ma vaarida:m.

    ha C.c;.ro saltaraj ms

    diro:c o-:b-.

    axuri borom.

    o:ta21 saaw t konom.

    alif .rnataktan ba6Om.

    ko. payan Saewom.

    diro:z Taatah, marcaarid

    ri. :m.

    oc.:caarida:m..A

    ma:_aaride:m.

    diro: _gostaar(i)m's:x_

    . rn.::caerida

    /.

  • Drill E.

    raorlIcn.ha baysahalaa jo:rna2mz:haadaen.

    -1.11

    non -ro:z golraa buy nam: :kazcIan.mo:tea n2 cstn0. nnama:1-,aadd n.

    r121,7a.p

    morlk2n ra

    morah,n ha diro:z pya

    las, na2ms :haadaen.

    jaam nma :kaedaem,

    momhan aro :z sa2raahao. :raarab na-ma:kaada n.

    MCI u.lc2 naama:kaadaan.

    Al.lor±2ti paaysaara na rtara:kcdaan.

    laOr a-nlga,, I ni2ama. a2daan.

    r :z ba-rcia2 gOL nama:1'aada2n.

    latnt bud _

    lazlm bud

    buel

    u 1ma b2bm. m?

    asaake 2, bwcora

    2r holcacra2 bwr.ore:m?-

    l_az.cq bud 1.-c2- inn2W ataan jana2 _1:m7

    bufn-h-disaaw,- faataan pirata roxta s hon3:m7

    r,r3m fasw7r7in mo:ta2raa_nstadw, kona-m?

    laz-zn burl. Jc

    lazam bud 7-,2

    ta2rbuza dag, paraa konz:m?

    -2t92u kodam si da2ga2 baxaar2

    7 raja: -ba:2 hodam fv2 g ap baznam a?

    lisaw kodn71. , _agna b2g3r2:m

  • Drill G.

    C3.

    ass

    s

    naro pot 2ridd3 babinmam.

    o:z pot ka2btib b=ordsn.

    ha aaro:z pot adayaara molaqat 1coni.n

    _ k- tp,2:rana

    . c- 10 a,ss _ot fardl boxanan.

    e3 i3ZiU aass ha daro:z Dot bar7 alamaa bobaardan.

    baynad

    17..3 aaro. pot q(tL1fltL baa-7 hon, n.'

    +

    aro:Z Dot armay fd2rid gaap baztwndan.

    aaro:z Dot maamomaa h ,n konaan.,

    ro Dot r,

    1a5-am aasd ha d'Iro:z not sarrddra,

    2 ,a2rw3a-

    ba7naci

    bayaad ha

    ba7d,

    coma :COG Dasa

    -t oona al -Jdr bada:n.

    t dood bc-,

    ru3tsomn

    7-r,3 daruat soli

    -: %a nar

    7_ soryl

    taan eto:-

    Jpaa:n.

    donn Joria bdca:n.

    ba,Taa ha 1.:2rwa-.:nt

    go.s Iconam.

    oo:taabaar bana:n.

    da;: 7 bdda

    Inqaamdme. bad,'

    =r b-

    baya2 R:a 3r7-7.2.a:7,t soon

    -0 I, o donn

    a-runa7.,:t sum ,r1r1=-10

    bataan.

  • Drill,I.

    momkan nc.abu k2 parsal daa rtriica -loud.

    monk= nnabuo pnrsal rmlndo':k mibud.

    homkan nnabue

    .momhan nnaouc l. parsal snara soma gar mibud.

    motakan naabud k ptrsal ociaa ba:har mibud .

    par ni ociaa d2Lasp mibud.

    -v'rcct1 ociao gar-3mi mibud .

    momhan n,

    MOokan nnabui Ita parsnl oqa sat mibud.

    monk= ,nn NO:ha parsnl ociaa 8darib mibud.

    momhan naabud ha parsnl oqa ca mibud.

    r-rioan naabu, -nnl oqa, zynt,m*j.bud.

    mo nnaburl ociaa 74odusi mibud.,

    monkan nnabuC, k tarsctl ocia- asur nibud.

    nonaan na: parsal octal =1,;(1i mibud.

    .otnic ha jnn

    aatmis -n- amro:z claa mn3_,s

    313sa2w daa aroci

    nIts h7_. anroa nomn azar Ijsar.l.

    _yin an-- ftnar aar basna.

    ,jnn amro:z rlora ma: _i ,._ ..sna.n2t-tis

    natmis

    2t-17f.s

    jfln amro:z dna-xana: n4.1azar

    jnr ,2nria-:zha jan amro lnwaat azar basda.

    tt-ilis ha Jan anro:z dn; 2rnixur1 az2r basda.

    gaya ,saaryris

    natm- o:z daa haali

    o:z dna la2 0.23

    A

  • 1 K.

    zacrurac- k rLo:k33r p

    zacrura

    SearUrac,no:k

    awda bora2.

    aaz boraa.pos

    no :Iar pos _ act'bor\--

    2rurs k2 no:kaar poste dubi'borna.,_..-

    ,

    ca no:kasrpoa yaa:c boraa.

    zarur

    za.2 a 1 boraa.no:kaar po

    zaaru__-_ dome.no:ka3 post:3 d

    za3rura ,no:kanr pdsta sabun borae

    zacmra no:aar axtbar'boraa.

    zacrura P, no:kar iost moja2 Ina boraa

    za3rura :kaar post- asn1 bo

    sa3rura-s ka no.:kaar posto jaru bor

    no:kaar post3 gorup bora-

  • Drill h.

    enS ti

    M char:

    aro:z rcysa CLm

    galin z-n---

    aw radayo:r,n,:konna?

    ,golnm o:tct3b

    xnna :tan da

    pnasto:. na:f

    jo :r

    T DRILLS

    Student-

    na : 1 aaort ,tanaabayn.-2d ke snabn-;:anaa basce.

    amsal ro3nat nacdaran.baynad ka amsnl ro::sacti dastaabasa:m.

    na ainro :z paaysaa nnedaraabnynad- ka amro:z pnaysna dnstaabnsae.

    ne:, emsnl qalin narzan na:ss,bavaad ka amsnl galin aarzan basaa.i

    ^ aw radayo:rn nneme;konna. bayaed ka ansaaw rndayo:raejo:r konc.

    -taabaer na:sbayaac. 1c go1iu moitaabner

    naaw-aa na:, ,c.'na:twi dtsfirabnywd ka :na dna.basne.

    na:, mlabayn-,d.k a

    naew

    o: nneme:zno.om.-naSto: bofamom.

  • Dra

    Jan o:zs.77

    mna diro:z orin3naspurarLom.,(1nz-2:'7

    naw nd. bay ,d ka rliro

    CLWC po7to2nnakaadon (nom%'In.

    Oiro:z drY3 sn!rt.72:snaaraafto (bnyasc

    r.,nrsal dna knbol 7.annonn2 .fltor1 (sayaad)

    ociaa

    lanaMedom.

    :staar anat1cx a x,laadOo. 1n2taM_

    nn2 pnrca(bny

    o:b-re1)

    _as qaandar ta!ranz2L

    z taana,..ninomaa ftOm (bayasd

    .1nzam diro:z pc:rans

    mon_ n ka 'oor77..a nalwa poxtaam2:14a2da:n.

    bayaL 7k's-*S:ounma,:rnefta:n*

    1,ry!.

    avaed ks somn da kbo1ma:dnsta,:n.

    bud-kaads:n.

    bn nod Its pars co:b M2 rida:n.

    bnynati

    soma caewn2Maamedczn.

    omn -ta:n .

    n ndom. 1c 2 soo71 da2.-1.n7ars sdaLma:(1-1-1a:n.

  • 1,,,eMAk

    11 C.

    lehe

    naema0 an .

    ^nr11. a no sa:'Sodaan. (amkn

    -baz zrdori farsma:zaennan.

    na Ianaa12 :konzt

    bi gaep

    'daa za '.atan new( :chaec)

    acpa7,,

    u b2cy

    an bas

    maare

    :konaa.

    oqz zutzutba7,

    burebalm

    .ud at!

    sagret naema

    an.' a:ctaas ameGtanwr=uri. raejEt-

    u ba..yar paaysat.naokonaa.

    Ix:woad ka olaa,nnarae.,

    bayacaarae

    sinona

    SfrZ bura

  • manning.

  • oth s

    tho cook

    aspace

    Goraa

    to th2 pinoipa1

    see thl

    rom

    8 Sri

    lazem bud

    rase

    .bayasd

    ilL ths ,latav

  • rr,:!-.aeclon

    P2n a night in Jalalabad

    1iv in H3rat

    raz with the teacher.:

    Jan

    eoi1ct

    astrai7

    ozaas tae

    punish his stu Jlts

    10d thl bOok

    iounta

    4 3

  • en

    Jan ia'tica soma daa a mani aefganace Icona:n ]a araz oma, -aaeaen,

    mas b'd act rayc a kaes.dest betom. b aegae,qasoqo paenjae naabaaa aemraya deat nan boorori.bayaed ma:nanoco:rdaeln amraye destee.bo ame:m cardae-baze :,:ana'cia'soqo aenjae naame:bas

    -rasti,_das nanay, aefgani kodam cizara :besyar-xee

    mae fekr me:konom kw asaekkatbab 1:inyar daezaadar-ae..,

    . .Teacher: 'cub, fekr neemikoni ka daomttaa ba2wa2 -'374ne:.

    p:lani qabeli 'a lwa

    aemrikar

    baele: baya .saawae.mae fellr me onom ke ba3aid baze raesturana 1 qesmnanara datae bdea.s. baYaed ke Obeli aatmaen dae-aemrika yaft Saewae, wee mariazem.7aess ke (lite r.ana:

    . =,d yaagah waext kaebab poztae kona:m..

    (Ae) lib)

  • iveA.11 this housseveryday.

    Are everyday'.

    ld check the bu lding everkday,

    should lack the room everyday.

    Fiould empty the bucket everYday.,

    should heat the taesab eve yday.

    :sholi.tld a whiter sh

    fi should go to school by buseveryday.

    -pryday.

  • phulam may ,:punish the studentstoday,.

    Ghulm may watertoday.

    flowers,

    G ularn may turday.

    he meter

    y agree with mo todax,

    4 Ci

    Ltd4

  • Drial C.

    It js neoessry that I take a walktD rd the river eve yweek. t

    tis nece_sarythat-I cross thisroad every Week.-i '

    It is necesaary that I "climb:the-Mountaineveryweek-.-:

    -It,is necessary-that I play .inthefield everyweek.:-

    It is necessary that I pray in,themosque evety week.

    It is necess_ y that I play n thegarden every wek .

    It ls nece -ary. hat I, relax athome every week.

    -It is necessary'that 14.go' to Pfor r creation every week.

    It is necessary that I stay athotel overnight every.week.

    It i necessary thetI wait for youat Is alif every week'. Ar-

    It is nece'seary that I.0,eme Aownthe mountain every 'week. -I

    11r:

  • should have bought 1400d yesterday.

    We should have bought elasticyesterdaY

    We should have bdught brassieresyesterday.

    should have bought a mat yesterday.

    We.should have bought so e material.

    yssterday.

    We hould have bought a paper.yes erday.

    e should have bought some ropeyesterday.

    We should have bought a turbanyeraiterday.

    We .dhould have boughttomatoesYesterday.

    ffe should have boOght a p llowFyeaterday

    .

    Ifli-shouldhave bolight clo hesyesterday.

    e should have bought glass.nye terday-

    We should have bought antiesyesterday.

    We Should have bought a Tingyesterday.

    We should have bought a petticoatyesterday.

    4 8

    4311-4Jig

    44,11.6. -P6.1-

  • fi

    hay. were-,not..repairingyesterdaY'.

    Maybe they ere 'DoYesterday.

    Maybe they Were AOflowers yesterday.

    . :

    Maybe'theywere.noO6r Yesterday.-

    fi

    Maybe they were'notope yesterday.

    'Maybecups

    . . ..

    hey=were. no puttay yesterday.

    cooking aelwa

    èrnl1ingth&

    stoPpftig th&

    Maybe they were noi damroad yesterday.

    'ng the

    be they were not tying the ropeyocte day.

    _Maybe they Were-notmoney yesterday.

    aving the

    aybe they were not rollistone yesterday

    the

    Mnybe.they w re ,noiturning thelight off yesterday.

    4 9

    ittJ

    .iLi J./1

  • Drill F.

    Was it necessary for usthe movie last night?

    _see

    ncce ior Us to ea_ thelas

    1,17. iii-oct;lsoary for,us te e-- that,--'cookies last night?,

    .

    it ab olutely necebsery.to:see John last night?

    Was it necessary fpr us to makepancakes all ofa" sudden?

    Was it flecessary for us to stop the .car imedjate1y last night?

    Was It necessary for us toslice a water-melon lasnight?.

    Was it necessary for us to buyanother piece of glass last ,night?

    'as it neceseary foruSto talk about.anofherguy last'night?

    es it necessary for us to getother mirror last night?

    .

  • Drill G.,

    Why should the' see Frride secretly

    Why should they ea Rabat'soccretly every day?

    Whyshouldthey y rheet Assidsecretly 0-mry :day?

    . .

    Why sheuld-they:washtheir shirt secretly

    ;

    Why Should they..studYk. Pasebtetly evory.day?

    Why should they. take IrlY'bicycle Secretly every, day?

    Why.should they a k the pree'Of the 06.4-vet sepretly ever-;k:clay?

    -why should lbhey talk, o'--Farideseeretly 'every day.

    Why should they invitepeople'..secrotly eVery.day?

    Why shou1dradio seere

    hey listen to the.ly every day?

    Ithy should they punishthe cf.udents secretlyeveryday?

    )49

  • You, should always (ev.ali-times) be 'happy. ytime or.

    be pa

    be dlever*---

    You should always Ae-, Separate.

    You should always, be wait n

    You should always be rich.t.

    nu should always i4 generous.

    Y9.1A.. should alweys be iitere

    J.I

    hould always be industrious.

    Tou shou d always be honeE

  • was_not possible for him to ben Am.aripa last year.

    It apn't po sible fo -him to -be shy.'last year:.

    It wasn't poasible for the weather,to be that-het last year.

    It wasn't poSsible.for h'im to be'.angry -t you last Year.

    forldmtato frealatt year.-

    It1 wen'tposible for it'that itti*eating-lastyear.

    It wasrOt possible. for it tobe that ,hard lait year.

    It wasn!t-possible for him:tobe that poor last year:

    -It wasn't posaible for him to,be that fat laat year.

    wasu't-tOssible for so e h ng-o'be.tilit much last year.

    It Vaan:that pri

    sible -for him to bee last year.

    It wasn't Pes 1.1q.e for himthat famous-1 st year.

    be

    It wasn't Ross ble for scime hinto be that real last year .

    j L.

    JL

  • absolutely neaessary forto be in class today.

    . .

    id'absolutely necessary kx.to be in the meeting today.

    absolutely necessary forohn to be at the weddingonight.

    absolutely necessary forobe at the cinema today .

    s absolutely neapJoh* tabs presenVin-Oday

    'LbsOlUtely -nece dary-fo- -be at the-party today.

    -absolutely necipsary for .o be-at our-hotive today. ,

    *bsolutely nece nary forohibbe at the-bus-stop

    =;tod

    4bablutelse necesaryolin _to'be'presentatceirtion today.i=

    _s Absolutely necesearle-be present at.theeinent- party today.'

    it ievabsolutely ncoessary4Ohn to be at tho'church today.

    jthálut'John to be 1at th

  • a

    4.A -71t-., it;;;]0:t;L:71.1eA'

    trine (b=tly)

    Xt tk3 necfacoar7 tor tr.,7 opr,:nt tr/

    "ft (A neconsary for th'trip- the -Lauhcij,.....

    it is necessary 17or thP earvant tr.!,bring ice,

    It is necesearytor the:servant tobring a bulb .

    it lc necespery for tht,brn flobr, ,

    It is=nocQstary fOr vont to

    -

    1,4, is nocestary 1-or-tne aervralt totjt. tt.6, 4Ai4V4.itt

    It it nrceotary for th -$erv,azt tobri!g the paper.

    It-is necoszar, ',for th arvant tobdng tht magozine..

    It ie nCcessar: for the sPrvantbring-,"atnis" (th nowsbaner),

    ,lUt,_.4s-htdessary- for: thb

    "

    Jxr

    r

    j tv:1 *T:=;1`;', 1"54:7--

    2

  • 1

    iaf,k

    k, 31,1

    f.,1 r:F.014.

    -

    r-1

    6

    a

    .1 .1/414

    t.t

  • %

  • CEMLNI DRILLS

    .1:

  • 1)rill A.RECAPITUJjATXON D ILLS

    5 9

  • AEC ITULATI3N' DRILLS

    (Lif

    *

    t.L14

  • RLCkPITULAIION DRILLS

    6 1

    59

    3

    .a%VjL

    d

  • _ae

    mae

    :z

    felmae Ididas

    eeridae'o:zJ gainae

    daersae

    a dada's;nee saeba golarae_

    eiro:z

    ;

    :me:tanom. I can water the

    m. I as sc the movie.nowe

    .tanom. I can hey tte rug

    'today.tanom. ! I can finish the

    ! lessen tether

    flowers tomorrow.

    mae i dirom felmae didae ,tanestom. 1 was able to see1 the movie yester&y.

    el dibaew daereae leaelas kaedeeltaneetom.,

    ; 1 was able to finish1

    . 1

    i the lesson last night .mae dims golarae ew dadae taneetom, I-Was able to water_

    the flowers yesterdayomarae didae .meetaneatom. 1 conld:haVe seen

    i

    e y,u yeaterdayem dihew paoyaaerae xrc kaedae me 7tariestom. r I could have spent ,1 the money last nit

    tanestom. 1 ceuld have stud.,1 ied Pushto lest year.

    M

    'mate: p peat() : xen (sae

    Ir golware nasok - aess. This girl is as fine Oa a fibem zaware ayar aeos. This person is see Clever as a crow.

    t arwere taelx aBss. Thi: cigarette is as .tter aspoisen .

    1 :nes in A illustrate that when the auxils verb me:tanom pr ent-tan- and past s am - t-) when used ill the prese re tense,thar verb compound or Simple) should be (l)in the airplo past endae suffixed to it. e.g. (did ¢ ae) . did4.

    2. Sentences in B illuetrate the past atom of the auxilary verbeith the simple-past of the verb preceding it. The meaning of such seer,tences is was able. e.g. "filmae didae taneetem" - "I. was ab e to neethe repvie 717:51711 could see the movie."-

    3. Sentences In C illustrate the fact that when the 2temof ,hisauxllary verb is used with the prefix me:- s-TEe meaningcould have rather than was able or eould. e.g ae parsal paegto:xandaeeee:tenestom." 111-Zaira-have utedied Peftto last Year."

    4.,Sentences in D, however, explain thafect that you must have a nounsuffieted.by eware to give ti-e meaning which is thenfollowed by en.adjective. e.g.-getaeware maeAbui-aess - She io aspretty as a picture.

  • , UNIT-III

    P TATION tILL5

    Drill A.

    doxtaare maacisud golware nazok aess .

    namzate.maacisud golware nazok - aess.

    doxtaeraaki maektaebi goiware nazok aess.

    aemgere k idaen golware nazok aess.

    ruya doxtaere xale:g golware nazok aesa.

    aebaye u dorbaer golware nazok aess.

    Oestaye raefiqe: goma golware nazok aess.

    pe:rane.arusitan golware nazok aess.

    pe:rane xaewe to:rpe:kaey golware nazok ss

    jorabe.n lona raeu1etan golware nazok aess.

    paerdaye otage xaewatan golware nazok aess.

    nane7silotsaangware saext bucL

    .go:Ita gaew saengware saext bud.,

    tolgaeke.xane:tan saengware saext bud

    .z-saengware saext bud-.

    u balegt saangware saeXt bud.

    dole u,Maelem saengw saext 6

    paeneire u doikan saengware saexi bud.

    pi:3:sta oarmae saengWare saext bud. .

    lubya saengware saext btO.-

    jaeware lo:gaer saangware'saext bud.

    Sitaye aezu mo:taer saengware saext bud.6 3

  • Advanced Far

    Drill C.

    /-aemi xanae do:zaexwa gaerm ne:se?

    aemi agpaazilanL do:zaexware gaerm

    aemi jelalaebad do:zaexware gaerm

    aemi flo:reyda da:zaexware gae ne:ss?

    aemi ataq da:zaexware gaerm ne:r3e?

    aemi maentaegae'do:zaexWare gaerm T 1:ss?

    aemi saerwisa do:zaexware gaerm

    aemi senf do:zaexwa gaerm

    aemi kali do:zaexware gaerm ne:ss?

    aemi aemam do:zaexware gaerm r

    Drill D;

    godseyae baerabaere Yoma ketab.:KoEne- naemell,anaa.

    godseyae baerabaere g oma ketab naeme tanae.

    godseyae baerabaere soma ketab Awe- naem, ae.

    godseyae baerabaere góma ketab nacweihae naeme:'Anae .

    godseyae baerabaere ipma ketab gereftae naeme:tanae.

    gods yae baerabaere gopla ketab bo:rclae na4me:tanae.

    ciodseyae baerabaere oma ketab nega kaedae naeme:tanae.

    qodseyae baerabaere 5oma ketob di naeme:tanae.

    godseyae baerabaere goMa ketab 5m kaedae na e:tanae.

    qodseyae baerabaere goma ketat nijan _e naeme

    godsayae baerabaere ioma ketab to,Tslim kaed, 3

    ae.

    :tana

  • Advanced Farei

    Drill E.

    kole maerdom segret kaegidae naeme:tinae.

    -baze maerdom segret kaogidae haeme:tanae.

    iaemame-maerdom segret kaegidae naemeLtanae .

    yaegan maerdomsegrat kaegidae na_ t-

    aemae maerdom segret kaegidae naeme:tanae.

    aeksaere Maerdom segret kaegidae naeme:tanae.

    besyari maerdom segret kaogidae naame:tanee.

    nesfe maerdom segret kaegidae naeme:tanae.

    be:staere maerdom segret kaAidae naeme:tanac.

    yaeg te:da&maerdom segret kaesidae naeme:tanae.

    Yaeg esae maerdom segret kae5idae naeme:tanJe.

    DrIll F.

    mae xo irae famidae naeme:tanom.

    mae xo irae aewar kaedae nae :t _m..

    mae xo irae faeysaelae kaedae naeme:tanom.

    mae xo irae zyat kaedae nae_

    mae xo irae taeslim kaedae n me:tanom.

    maeL xo irae taegdir kaedae naeme:tanom.

    mae xo irae moragebaet kaedae naeme:tano

    mae xo irae paeyda kaedad naem

    mae xo irae faerZ kaedee'neem,?,:

    mae xo.irae.zeemanaet kaedae n-eme:tanom.

    _a irae purae kaedae naern: banom.

    tanom.

    mae xo ae nega kaédae naene:tanom.

    6 3

    ,7 4

  • IL ;

    Drill G.

    jan xo eml be bud:1c

    jan xo emro:z taena budae na etanae ,

    an xo emro:z be:se ad .(naxiAl ) budae naeme;t

    aeme:tanae.jan xo emro:z no:z gozaeren beta

    an xo emro:z budae naen

    an xo emro:z aieZ budae nae e. .

    an x6 emro:z momsek budae nae -:+arae.

    an xo emro:z gar budae naeme:tanae.

    an xo emro:z jegaerxun budae na me:tanae.

    jan xo emro:z azad budae naeme:tanae.

    an xo emro:z mofies budae naeme tanae.

    an xo emro:z deljaem uda. e:tanae.

    jan xo emro:z be:karae auduc 1 tariae-

    ((!a

    Drill H.

    ki diro:z urae ociae zud

    ki diro:z urae ogee zua

    ki diro:z urae ogee z d dae

    rn

    anest.

    tanest.

    me:tanest,

    ki diro:z urae ogae zuciij ie nx:tanest.

    ki diro:z urae ogee zud numrae aad me:taneet7

    ki diro:z urae ogee zud

    ki di o:z Iffne oqa zud ta,

    ki diro:z urae ogee zud

    ki diro:z ogee

    ki diro: ogee

    ki diro:z uvae ocia zu

    do

    kaedte me nest.

    me:tau

    me:tant.

    andae

    t

    ac

    Adw Fral

  • Drill

    asw noqraeware saf aess.

    nak qaendware er in -

    ay zarware t_

    ea noqraoware

    nan maeskaeware naa a ass.

    aengur qaendware Aarin aess.

    de:wal baseware saafe:d

    eay zarware taelx seas.

    i. kard Itaange:rware te: aess .

    i sew noqracware aasfes

    i.nan maaskaeware naerm aess.

    nak qaendware erin

    cay zimare taax

  • illityan salanze akware,

    rv:Ti- rV°

    pakestaal zarware teelx naeb4a7

    (gage eatezar co : rr tri eaowi?

    _Faro

    Li UN'

    acs4

    5aca-nware

    orwa re IS r

    xadaofare

    modir

    -7,Lware

    al 4;0yl Jan

    raeftaen avvRe

    Xt4A:tetti,--1.1t7«,,t'ff:,=,g"

    arware taelz

  • be:kar-aostaon?

    a

    aoba beiqebarae

    u gaopae fayiaelao :kono:

    u naofac

    STULIOn.

    ne:, mac etaro:z co:bnaerte:tancen.

    no: , ale xaolaa Imam:

    ne:, earpthn boskar budaonaome:t4naen.

    aba gu1rae anoon anao.

    no: o roans:tow didaonom moo.

    no: aoblnaoma tanao.

    no:1 alokoodoe name

    ao

    no:, maw boore naafidadao naernoitanao.

    flQt dao aenf guxi kaudaonum:Ito:mon.

    no: z goza _ koadaonoem: nac.

  • jam dirv:a

    baecaa xan

    f

    Advanced

    . (kalker

    xoelas kaedeebazo gagerdan

    ickaes

    kaedae

    didae me: =est.

    ne: d kaadnaet

    ,bale Nerdan iaalaa kaedaaoaataneetaen...

    el *sea xananaatanest.

    Ike pars-

    ao oqtoo

    aes atiz ke;

    katabae baare jan azr rar.:Jo t..ck amanact dadae

    ntlat

  • UNIT rrAdv_ eed Fa

    asugur bite fekre gcma

    aex (geteaware

    extayei coto;r-aess. (eaware)cay cotof r.aeaa. (tarware)

    caqu cototr-aasa. (taet

    goat xub tud?

    bud? (baelet :za

    1,baecae

    ;egret sigaal onto r-a

    (zarware

    MIT

    ..aengur q--ae4s.

    doxtaer ciataewaremaelbul-aass.

    -erntayan aawware

    1. cay zareare taelx-ac

    cage gaarn5e: mare taees.

    no:. Vat aangare abud .

    baelety aemgaerm bud.

    1.1 baecae za

    zaevare

    egret signal .z aelx-atm.

  • RECAPIiJLATION. DRILLS

    riU

    ale baeke1etae nega kaedae naeszestanotn.dirosz

    Jan

    .paes awordae

    amideati (right away

    raeligem

    &none

    gorup (light

    buy

    irol z piinkagke

    fin d

    hayaB

    eaybe rd)

    minket.)

  • B.

    u dorteer qat

    ale

    baya d

    kalke

    efli

    z

    nak qaendware

    maegtful

    kard

    paeIe

    segrete sigael zarwarecaye sya

  • UNIT III AdvCec

    Drill C.

    mae xo i qaiinaexaeridaenaetne:tanom.

    msmaye aspaez

    bring to my house

    diro.z

    Boma

    aemu buryarae

    take a look at

    peas me:tom

    aemidesti

    sweep

    sell

    mae

    aefte: gozaajtae

    rosze yaek daefae

    wash

  • UNIT III-

    Situations

    TEACHER:

    ,STUDENTs

    TEACHER-

    MIA:ENT:

    o_

    N1iSATION LLU3

    raje: bae tartxe ol kaeme gaep Uedae met

    nes-, raje: bao.tarixe molol daedan maelumatnaadaro- laken rbae tarix oaemgelz baeretam maelumat dadae ne:tanom.

    motao aosefanao ale bayaed mawgoma saere tarixe mo 1 gaepbezaonesmm lazem:aess ke cpma rage: bae mo olam cize yad dal asbagesn.

    xse:n, rat± ko mao bayaed kodam ketabe tarixe aefganestanaeke ajes bae tarixe molo1 babeo bexamom..' aema-fe:lien raja: baeta#.te-megollese maelumat naedarom1 aez goma yaeg sazwal kbedaeme:tanom?

    TEACHER:- baele: bofaermaye:n.

    oTULENTs -mae daelmjatedam ketabe

    jarixe xu OR yaftae me:tanom.

    TEACHER: ketabaye tarixe aefianostam dee aer ketab forugi wapketabxanae paeyda mestae.

  • UNIT IIIMagaud's daughter is as delicatea roge. (flower)

    This little school girla rose.

    TATIgN 1RILtS Drill A.

    cats as

    Eden's eld6k-sis er is as delicate as arose.

    Hi her colaas a rose.

    That girl' lips

    Your

    rose.

    Your we

    delicate -

    delicate a

    d'a hards areas delica as a

    -g dross ia as :delicate-an 00

    0

    z---10iv 10R-

    Torpek nightgown is as delicate as.a.rose.

    Your fri nd's nylon sock(sdelicate as a robe,.

    The draperies for your be rOom are .as delicate as a rosed.

    75

  • That '3-ask was

    That .t8CX

    roOk.

    This opi...n from Leger w .-h d aki a mak.

    The seats in that hard as'a rock.

    76

    77

    6

  • UNIT III

    Isn S kitchen, as hot as hell?

    abad as hp: as hell

    his) Florida as hot as hell?

    this:zoom as hot ahell?

    this diStrict hot as he 1?

    Thesp busses -en't they as hot as 1?

    Isn't this classroom as hot as he].

    Isn't this cafe hop s hot as hell?

    this bath as hot as hell?

    77

  • UNIT III

    Qudsia readwe.11 ati

    bcyks)

    Qudsia 't buy oks) as wellas you ,Cara.

    Qudscan.

    Qudsia can rt keep (boàkuas:well as-you can.

    d ia c look up the books as wellyou can.

    Qudsia can co act books as well asYou can.

    Qudsia can't s o oks) aS well asyou cm,

    Qudsia can't ddliver(books) aswell as you can.

    .1J1 d 4,11 -LD

    4JLIA L r..Lu L

  • UNIT !III

    cigaretle can Make

    Drill E.

    people CSfl t -smoke cigarettes.

    :All the people can't mmoke cIg es.

    le cant.t smoke ciare

    Most people can't- smoke. cigarettes.

    people can moke cigarot

    the people c ke cigs

    Anunxbor of the people can ke * JailANIJcigaret

    1.41 potion of theip?ople c 'cigarettes.

    79

    8 0

  • d th

    just can't apread titta.

    aettlo thia.

    -

    ustIteautt

    u aritea

    1173t can't m

    juat '-_op th

    the oXpensoe

    8 1

    80 .

  • 't.be iUitorat tod

    , John

    8 281 4.0 riffrI

  • t.4,1,1"v tit t.you racif,-7

    ,.r

    .144 74 IV

    crAil

    'At Otor1,--v-i

    CV-41d1,4r do,y1

    t.tv=1;._,t-r,at -1 .1; j

    . ,M..17 ,

    CrA""i4 7-44

    '1111.0 -tcrp-141t 0 TA;.i-1,47,...r4V7

    Mit,'.4Wevi to o=1. hotriDy'?

    $

    :

    iitYj -f= 447, ). tp

    Sto-ri trolo trpitlt -(177N t hat ti Zig-4-yotwt4- '7-7

    .1

    i=atikitio hi tr,==?Iat ziocre

    8-3

    .h f

    =

    4))

    At7

    J

    J.171-7,Pt

    "P-

  • 5 fl

    r

    r r411 lz.) 44 ,

  • Wwn t thf.J neiim nnclul

    Wel/717,--i 4 t t i1112 elk 1,./j 1 !. 47

    Waih-Ot tr WFt ngrzive?

    t the }-imirrit4ci c:_-.1n die 7

    ---

    tra---z4vt:h r;;21. Lj-- J-t-itaNe,r7

    .4415-ri t t zct iu CI CA21 "

    Wann t Gnel= :lit Uri daU ght h tx:(xiCAI?

    a

    Wtjj J61ri co.oit tail atl

    Wan) the dir Ent off cL grav,-J7 4-

    a

    Wa, 't th tront yard aL flower?. .

    t Jo1in hciet us -Whit

    Wasn t go-Ing to t hi-a cit 0-3417 al; water?

    8 :3

    p

    LI

  • J

    J1 J

  • UNIT III

    I

    I 1:

    p

    Drill B.

    8 7

  • 1

    LI

    TWOgim

    cv

    d B4170ifirpail

  • AR

    momken (kc!

    (ke) MR0

    -aeba xanae baSom.

    qrw xana.,2 hns 1,

    (ke) jar' ale maektaeb has

    F. led k ro:z xanae me:bedom4

    (ke) mae disaew sinoma me:b(vier

    mom ken (ke) jan dir z mncktacb me:bud,

    momkc- (ke) jan diro:z xanae bodae basae'..

    d- (ke) jan iiaew sinoma boda- basae,Lee'

    4bayac (ke) jan diro:z xana bodae basae.

    S:ntenoesin A illustrate that when the words .ga aea.bvaod, etc., are used with'the present or-future yime ekpression$, the optative form of .BE is always used e.g.layaed keale xanae bafte, ,notakeniZe sathba xanae bagae.-D. When, however,- the,word,aNaed, momken, ete,, are used with--the past time expressions, _en, two lifferent verb structures

    are used dppending,whether:the speaker i$ sure er doubtful.The past stem of BE:withthe nrof/ix me: (me:bud) indiCates-rtainty. The:speaker knows that so 'and so should, have been .home, but he wasn 't. e.g., bayaed jan diroiz xanee me:bud.John_ should have been home but ,he wasn't. The clause "lakenpaebud" is implied. The past stem of BB with suffix (ae) pluthe optative of.BE is used when the speaker is not pure aboutJohn's being home. Thus ba_aed an:d_irol_ z anae -bodae baa6.John must have been home yesterday ns-that he is oabout his being home; he might or might not haVe been home.

    8;)

    89

  • PRtSENTATION DRILLS

    ,

    .bayaedlu?. engur xubt,s asae.

    bayaed.ko angur serin basae.

    bayaed,kp aongur nazok bn

    bayaed ke aengur tazae baSae,

    ke aengur sotac Vasae

    bayaed ke aengur poxtee -bas__

    sayaed ka ala.xanaosaerd- basao.

    riayaed ke ale kanae-nozdik ba;ae.

    ,hayaed ke ale xanae:sotrae baeae.

    ,

    sayaed ke ale xanae forsaet basae.

    sayaed ke alp xanae bo:kar

    sayaed ke .al xanae birobar basae.,

    sayaed ke ale xanae xali

    Dr

    momken:ke jan'oclao

    notkah i jan oclae

    homken jan eciae

    nomken-I-_

    karfgaer naebpao.

    ppl;,sesi'llaebaao.

    aemaetkaos nao

    Jan egae wadaexeiaf naebasap.

    'ken ke Jan onae rnanclao naebaae.

    lemken ke jan eciae doro:ggo naeba-671ae.,

    oclao we! -,:f.aese

  • UNIT I

    Drill D.

    bayaed ice diro:z aerzan

    -bayee- ke diro gaiiI ae aerzan mibud.

    bayaed kb diro:z hanjanc rurni acrzan mibud.

    bayaed ke diro:z jaynemaz eran ,mibud.

    bayaod ko d_i-o:z ard soJi aerzan mibud.

    bayaed ke diro:z nogel aerzan mibud.

    Drill E.

    bayaed ke diro:z Jan dae xanae nacue:bud.

    bayaed ke dirotz Jan xane: soma naeme:bud.

    bayaed ke_diro:z jam. dae emteyan naeme:bud.

    bayaed icc diro z jan dae maejles naeme bud.

    aed ke diro:z Jan dae et naeme:bud..

    bayaed diro:z Jan da, me:lac naeme:bud.

    bayaed ko diro Jan dac .!79,nno

    91

    bud.

  • FARSI_UNIT IV

    REINFORCEMENT DRILLS

    STUDENT

    Drill A.

    TEACHER

    soma saeba xanae-

    go: al aerzan-

    bosyar karigaer-aess?

    farid saeba be:kar-aess?

    zr±a xo pak-aess?

    ne:p naem ;basoM;baom. a.yaed Ice xanao

    ne: a-1%Jan ne bayaed keaerzan bagae.

    no:, karigaer n ss; bayaed kekarigaer bagae .

    ne:, be:kar ne:ss: bayaod'kebe:kar bakte.

    ne:, pak ne:ss; baya-d Ice pakbaae.rda saeba m e uf-aes en? ne:, maesruf'ne taen bayaed ke

    maesruf bagaen:m e ale-paeysaedar-aestom.

    paeysaedar np:ste:n; bayaedke paoysaodar base:n.

    A

    1?2,

  • SI UNIT IV

    Drill B.

    n'a4CHER

    fcim xubes bud.

    STUDENT

    -:ekodames xubes naebiXd. bayaedyaekid xuboei me:bud.

    .., , . _ _sagord sesi bud. c:cRodamos Rososi naebud. baya

    Re yaokid kodeai me:bud..

    aspaez bosyar (label bud. c:okodames qabel naebud. bayaedko yaeki6 qabel me:bud.

    9In

    kodametan diro:z xanc, .bode:n. e:ekodamema xanae naebodo:m.bayacd ko yaekima xanac mo:bode:m.

    -sal maerizbode:m-i e:ckodamotan parSal maeriznaebode:n. bayaed ke yaoki nmecriz me:bode-:n.

    -Icsan,disaew gar bud.

    Rodamotan diro: daebodo:n.-

    Rodam

    c:ckodamosan r -naebud. bayaedke yaokidan qa_

    ess c:eRodamema dao maejless naebodem.bayaod Re yaekima dae maejle-me:bodem.

    gacyrazer bodc:m. e:ekodamotan gaeyrazer naebode:n.bayaod ke.yaekitan gaeyrazer

    ekodamesan ooac porkan neebud.bayacd ke emi yaeki'dan porkarme'bud. . o

    kodAmmxn besyar porkar bud.

    93

  • Dri.. c.

    -27Y.MER

    -:de soji alu-7;9,aed

    m erdem dc=

    Jan ens.°(bayaed

    wada-xo naebud.

    STUDE1-

    'de sojibsEja

    7rksc- :ggo:y

    bo, d - ion onae wadna

    -:acgan riacfaer czifac- enas- acrkaess zifaonaaes naess. aerkaess)

    aerkae-(ktske

    zamsetksetc-aess.

    parspi b(n3naebud, (bay -cd

    otaq ale_eciaee:cetaq)

    'nane cat ale(Sey cd)

    .gaorm

    -8iriCa rozavobiro'an-

    qas000 paenjaebud, (bayaed.

    farsi.a(kanc

    qimact

    aerkaos 2amactkae 6

    hayacd parsal qalin besyar ei aet

    etaci ale ocae gaerrn ne:Ps.

    ,layand Ito nrtne cat aIcbaeac .

    f7emken ke sine, a hirobarb

    paenjae

    psoyda

  • 11

    sabune

    haya

    parc,

    bure ac

    caendan

    ke abo farsi

    emsal

    besyar

    xub

    maclemc fa

    momken

    aeft,!: goza stae

    kaske

    JECAFITULATION DR

    95

  • bay

    CAZ

    ce

    ko: sem.

    : Z.`1

  • rill C.

    , mac diro:z xanae bodom.

    .som

    sa3 -d

    dae po:acntun

    lc

    Jan

    inomkon

    aiikc

    xane: judi

    vozuraete xare ae

    bayacd

    c:ckaos

    diro:z,

    Aae ma

    V

  • TEACHER

    n ar ale'dae bazar yaft

    CON-ERSATION DRILLS

    cmsal dae xarej aengar sader sod?,

    raeTiutn aenguraye xodae dxarej sader kaed.

    ere CPC d foro:xtae ba;ae.

    ed taór mefro:xt oerakesal aen.7.ur climaet bud.

    _.1.1etam xarej racf:1 ya- baereg.fere,:xt'

    . ,

    xo bayaedaMa Sayged yaeg lack

    'naebodao basae..

    -caena sod e

    STUDENT

    bayaed ke dae baZar yaft-6aewle cerake aeno:tam waexteaehgur te":r'haegodae.

    .

    aeme:famom, motken dae enjaeyet 6aewae. bayaed da carayisedaraet xo,aetmsen yaft ifiaewae.,

    baele, bayaed sader godae bagaeaez xaterekemae meltaerayeaengurae, medidom ke taeraefegomrok'baere masul kaedaenme:raeft.

    bayaed sader me:kacd, amaaenguraye xodae dae kabol tforbzxt.

    xub xaebaer naedarom, momkense;re cel aefgani foro:xtaebagae.

    baele:, bayaed mefro:xt, aemadae I baey foro:xtae naegod.

    momken xodesam sxarej me:raefacma raeftae naptanest cerakemaeriz god.

    ba.cre mae xub malom re:a momkenkoleff yaeg lek godae baffae.

    mac aerz kaedom ke purae xaebaernaedarom mc6ken yaeg laek sodaebagae.. waexteke raefige xodaedidom, ba34ed aetmaen.aez pe:gespursas_konom ke paeysc aengurebcogae sodae.\ xoda kpnae ke aezyaeg laekam zyadtaer godae bagae.

    9 8

    98

  • 'PRESENTATION DRILLS

    Drill A.

    The gr:rape(s ) should be good-.

    The grape( s 'shoUld.

    The 61. _pe( Should be inder..

    should .be fr

    eet.

    The p?(

    The grape"( should be .raphed,,

    , The grape(s ) -ahati The -ilpc.

    Drill_ B. ,

    The house.maybe cold ( o l) now.

    The hou e maybe near new.

    The hoUse maybe.cleam nOw.

    The house Maybe less crowded now..

    The house mrybe free'n

    The hou e ma be etod.ed now.

    The house'maybe emptY now.

    .99

    4 .

    d I

  • Drill C.

    John'may no(capable

    be that

    John may not be that

    John may not be that

    John-may not be'

    John may npt be

    John may n-

    Drill D.

    Priv-

    PRESENTATION DRTILS,

    indstrious

    industri

    hard working.

    hat undependable.

    hat tired.

    b.P.a lier 41ke that,

    be that,dependable.

    should have been che p yesterday.

    Carpet(s) should have been cheap Yesterday.

    Tomatoyesterd:

    .should have been che

    Jis)A.

    Rug(s)A(iPor praying ) should have be6n cheap 'ys

    yesterday.

    Baking powder should have 13een cheap-yesterday.

    Nociol (a kind of candy) should have beencheap yesterday.

    100100

    cD-1"

  • ill B.REINTOR EMENT DRILLS

    iOi102

  • Drill C.REINFORCEMENT DRILLS

    A

    J

    1

    J ZeNtg )1.0y=t)

    L-I

    J.Lt )

    vc4, r"

    03

    J

    4;31

    -76

    abl

  • RECAPUULATION DRILLS

    Drill A..

    3

    104

  • RB APITULATION DRILLS

    1 4

    10

    b

    j _tr$1

    .01

  • Drill C.RECAPITULATION DRILLS

    1053 06

  • mae

    mae p real,-

    Jan disaew

    jan diro:z yaeg daef,

    rt- bae

    diro z yaegAaefae

    jan disaew

    didomos.

    -LtO171,

    -goftotan.

    paeyl Kaedom s.

    fae taeyar kaucle_s,.

    -mae ale acmrayes sin°

    mae ale ae r .yetan s±noma me-rom.

    mao emsae aemray.jp kaeybaer me;rom.

    soma ale aemrayem sinoma m re:n.

    oma saebaaemraye ma azar me:re:n.

    Iflae kaet me:.om.

    VTENTS:A. Sentcnes in k ilaustrate that object markeleet marks, :,re suffixed to the verbs. But theyarc the _last-',rd suffixes in_ the Verb. POT examlacnae/did/211/es (netive ver16 stem 4. Subject marker-+

    Object), -1-1.-Tt:ar- the compound-verbs are concerned,they are usuy :uffixed to thesecond word of thecompound but tjleY .re,sometiales attached to the fivstpart Of the o.-Japond as well, e g.saeyl me:koncm0 orsaoyleb-B. Object markers,' as:the sentences 'in- B iliustrate,arezazo 6uffixed 'to the prepositionsHlike aemraye, kact(,_aere, etc. Thus unlike English, the object_of -thepreposition can b a-bound form attached to the-propo-sitions.

    1 )6

    107

  • PRESENTATION DRILLS

    'nezdik bUd (w) d1roz byarometan,

    nezdik bud (ke) diro:z begerometan.

    ne 41k bud ( diro:z bezaeno etan.

    nezdik bud (ke) di o:z b go:yo etan.

    nezdik bud (ke) betaelbometan .

    nezdik bud (ke) dir-:z bea -anometan.

    ne.zdik bud (ke) dir begaerdanometan.

    Drill B

    iezdik-aess ke alexaelas konomes

    ezdik-aess (k ale daem konome-..

    nezdik7aess.(ke ) ale apwar konomes;:

    nezdik-aes (ke ) ale taeqsikonrmeè.

    nezdik-aess (ke) ale cirae konome'S.

    nezdik-aes (ke ) ale maeydae kono e§.

    nezd k-aess (ke ) ale ro:saen kono e

    ne dik-aes .(ke ) ale be:jay konorneg

    107

  • _qaerib bud (ke) paere:ro:z jaeza betels.,

    qaerj.b bud (Ice) paere:ro:z,makaem begere

    qaerj.b bud (ke) paere:ra:z ejazae bete e.

    qae_ib bud tite- -Paer o:z baex6es bete:e.

    qaerib bud (ke) paproIro:z maeas.bete:s.

    qaerib bud (ke) paeraire:z saelam bete:6.-.._-qaerib bud (ke) paere:ro:Z ne,ean bete s.

    qaerib, bud (ke) paere:xo:z roxsaet-be=

    Drill:D_

    qaerib-aess (kb ) ale naegero

    qaerib-a_ss (ke ) ale naexayomet.

    qaerib-aess (ke) ale ntlebenomet-

    qaerib-aesa (ke) ale naetomet.

    qaerib4ess (ke).4le naebaerometI

    qaerib-aess (ke) ale naemanomet.

    rill E

    me:xay (ke) saeba.aemraytan simota borom.

    m-3.kaom (ke) saeba aemraytan me:lae borom.

    mth:xayom (ke) saeba aemraYtan ddeftaer bbrom.

    J:xayom (ke ) saeba aemraytan kaebab x .rdaen borom.**

    xayem ke saeba aemraytaii muzyaem didaen bordom.

    .xaYom (ke) saeba aemraytan maeriz didaen boromL

    :Xayom (ke) aaeba aem/aytan emteyan daden. borom.

    ..xayom ke) saeba ae r yt n aewbazi kaedaen borom..

    109

    108

  • rill F

    jan xo

    ja

    emxo aemraym kar naeme:konae,

    emro:z aemraym ketaek naeme:konae.

    Jan xo emro:z aemraym nan naeme:iorae.

    jan xo emro:z aemraym kala nae o;yae.

    Jan xo emro:z aemraym xana.,pali naeme:konae.

    Jan xo e--o:z aemraym. otu naeme:konae.

    an xo emro:z'aamra

    Ja xo e ro:z ae

    eyan ae

    daers naeme:xanae.

    jan xo emro aemraym farsi naerne

    ,

    RINORCEMENT DRI

    xanae

    _

    Drill A

    -TEACHER'

    'emro:z Janae.dide:n?_

    ' kare xanaegitan e xaelaEkaede:n?

    diro:-z soma maerae dide:nn?

    disaew ketabae janaedade:n?

    Jan paere:ro:z somarae xast

    sagerda janae xanae be:rdaen?,

    STUDENT

    ne:, emr

    ne:,

    ne:,

    ne:,

    ne:,

    ne:,

    :sema maerae paeysao gaerz dade:n? ne

    aspaez, diro:z felmn saeyl kaed? ne:,

    Drill B

    me:xaye:nJke ale galinae bexre:

    mesxayae Ice embaew maerae bebenae?

    me:xaye:n k saeba janae me:man kone:n?

    :z naedidomes.

    xaela naeka demes.

    diro:z naedidometan.

    digaew naedadomeg.

    paere:ro:z naeiastem.:

    naebo:rdaeneg.

    naedadometan:

    diro:t saeyl naekaede:s

    __e'xayaen ke emsalfelme.arayenaraebebenaen?

    baele:, kaskp be aeromes.

    baele:, k'ittake bebene:tan.

    baele:, kagke me:mankanom

    bgele:, kaske bbonaenes.me4xayom lc_ ale radeyoirae xanaes bobaerom.baele:, kafgke'bobaere:nea..

    me:xaye:n ke i xa.eitae aemrika raewan-konem, baele:, kaske-raewankone:nes.

    ke:yaeg daefae berxdaeret:-aebebene:n?

    110 baele:, kaake bebenomel.

  • Teacher

    dirolz ktaba xaulas kae

    emidPati sofaraet me:r

    . 'Studen

    nedik bud kc wablas konomps .

    aemray'S' sinomaraeftc:n? nezd ke aemrays borom.:

    pareal dg:c actraf kar kaedom., ,

    sdik,-aess k- acmidesti borae.

    nez_ bud Ice p!arsal kar konc:n.-

    '.dire.:zlacrimiaomraytan xanaepali raeft 'nezdik bUd, ice diro:z borae,

    --edraym kabab xo:idacn

    o:z baran barid?

    baerf 6'0:berac?

    Drill,D

    ketabac xae d?

    e:re: nezdik-aess ko acmraytankapbab xo:rdacni borom._

    nezdik bud ko baramb.obarao .

    saow molaqa ,kacdom?/,,,

    somaracA.4.ro:z ko maek kaedacn .

    an motitaerac xanae avord9

    alp paeysae ,q4-crz.me:

    sacbameben

    ozd1kaos1e ale baerf bobarae.

    -nci

    kaeridae aetaneste:s.

    t kitedao paetan9ste:

    k naek:kaedae'llaetancetacncz:.

    awordac napaneste

    -0aerz dadae, name tanomos

    . didae naemetaomotan ._

    ne: , ale sostae n.ome tanc :s.

    110

  • Student//

    "ae bogo: kc ale xanae borae goftomcs ka,orao.

    -baecarae bogo: ke dao 'sonf basaen goftoMegan ke basaon .

    dipiezae bogo: Ice ,yaeg daefae bazai borae. g9ftome6 ke borae.

    _ae bogo Ice .kafitaoyar konae gofteMee b taeyar. kenae.,-

    oftom4 le ale naerac.

    getoMet'ali,ke-Itia4sae naed _4.

    raefigitae bogo: ke ale sar naeac .

    matrae boui: ke paeysae naedarem.

    marirae bogo: ke aezi do;kan:sgewdaI

    ,sagerdorae bogo: ke saeba emteyan-a

    d6:kandarae,bogo:- oipaeyse:t caend

    aipaezae bogo: Ice aeba waext

    dubirae bogo.: ko derisimae dae

    tekaerae.

    k.goftomerian'ke saeba.Omteyan-acss.

    4oftomes kc.paoyoe:t..cgutend Sod,-

    byayae... 'gpftOmes Ito satba:waext. yayae

    ,

    aew.naoso:yao. goftomeb ke daenaeso:yae.

    'Aipaezae bogo: ke-tayae waekt..dem ko-a

    marae bogo: roxsaeti ce waext 0

    1 '1

    aew

    g tomes ke waext dadm,koae.

    o: g ftbmetan ke ccoro: me:sae.

    112

  • RECAPITULATION DRILla

    Drill A

    ciaer1b7-ae ke ale bexaero

    diro

    (bring it).

    mae

    ale

    (eat it)

    naegerames

    parsal

    .nezdik bud

    soma

    saew

    (iead it)

    sayaed

    ale

    'ciaerib bud/-;

    una

    her)

    112

  • Drill B

    delem me 'ae ke emsaew aemraytan sinoma borom.

    diro:z

    xaeybaer

    b xo:rdaen

    ka

    dela an me: od

    afUdy far

    (go to the mu yaem

    the pa

    e tailor

    113

    14:

    #.

  • ki

    jan

    di

    61.7, xaciases me:konae.

    zedik bud

    (b4:

    cora

    'aemidesti:

    nezdik-aess__

    saeba

    an

    (take it aWay

    soma

    send it)

    114

  • T nearly told you 71e.

    nearly askad you to come

    )

    embarassad you. yenterclay.

    yas arday.

    Jri1l13.

    finish it -now-.

    going todivie

    now.

    now.-

    up now.

    o_brisk it now .

    nerirl going ,tc light

    o rrnove it now.

    115

  • He nearly unisheyesterday.

    ariy held himyesterday.

    day before

    He nearly save him p rmission. day before yesterday.

    nearly .gc:4! him a tioday before yesterday.

    oar

    o to hin the y before

    7r,T.e nearly dhoujd him tb baforetertitv.-

    . .

    arly dismissed hin the day b,eforestarday.

    _

    .nzar that 'I 'don't ta

    ar. that I _dont askiyou

    It n_aar that I don -you now.

    It i ner:that.I don.!t glvo you now.

    I it r that. I do you albng now.

    omo .noW.

    xt is that I _in you now.

  • rant to go to th. novis.tomorroy,

    want to gtomorrow.

    qant to gomtoorrow. with you

    T-rant: to go toatkabrh with you .tomorrow.

    I want to goyou tanorrow.

    I wan to go to-with t f;r1ori.-OW.,want to go tvT-zietomorrow.

    I want to_ gotomorrow,.

    Drill -F.John just rlo2an Tt -rork uith ra?2, today.

    John just do'acnrt hel

    John x) :3-at 7:17th m

    3Frq.

    John just doe n wnsh clothes wittod

    John just dosnTt lool f house wl.thrite tcrlayJohn just, -doesn Tt iron vrith today.

    . John ju-st 'does-ma today a.

    ju st db.2sn t tud,7 rfith rn

    .

    giva an sxatn with

    t

    od ay .

    119

  • 12_

    118 ,T,T11

  • //

    'WA 4.1

  • UNiT 6

    aegae

    degae

    aegae,

    aegae

    .[..............rer4.

    ale amere xodae bebenom

    -eaeba emteyane kodae begerae,

    etro:z taease xodae begeraen,

    emseew maezmune xodae bexanae,

    aegae diro:z

    aegae disaew

    aegae diro:z

    aegae parsal

    pea:me-lite

    xub me: ae.

    xub met ae.

    xubBme: ae.

    xub me:sae.

    amere xodae medidom -xub me:sod.

    etteyane xcdae megereft, ,xub- me:sod.

    so:b maeaee xodae megerefteenocub me:sod.

    maezmune xodae Mie:xandom xilb me:sod.

    'A. Sentences A illustrate that with -orde like ale,--,eaeba, emro:z,, etc. (present-future tense), the37gTiv-4 form of.the verb(BeForm ) is used, and'theverb in the, main_61se hat thejAe-Porm (i.e present-future tenee).-

    e.g, aegde ale

    B. Sentences in B illustrate the fact that in the, aegaeclause the simPIe past em of the verb 131130d4"

    ear Iorom xub me:6 e.

    PRESENTATION D I LS

    aegae-saeba ketabe.xodae,-

    -aegae,baeba ketabe Xodae

    aegae saebaketabe xodae

    :aegae eaeba ketabe xodae

    aegae' eaebECketabe xodae

    tiagite eaeba ketabe xothle

    aegae saeba'ketabe xodae

    aegae. §aeba'ketabe xodae

    boxanom, xub-me:sae.

    byarom, xub me:sae.-

    begerom, xub me:eae.

    totaleae konom xub m

    tekrar konom,' xub.me::

    gaerdan kondt, xub me:-,

    aemanaet betom, xub-me:

    taeslim konom xub me:s

    127

  • Drill B.

    aeg e emro:z paeysae dastae basae yaek cand ta ketab me:xaerae.

    aeg emrci:z paeysae dastae basae, yaek cand ta pe:ran me:xaerae.

    aegae emro.z paeysae dastae basae, yaek cand ta gorup me:xaerae.

    aegae emro:z Daeysae dabtae basae, yaek oand ta qalin me:xaerae.

    aegae emro:z paeysae dastae basae, yaek cand ta qoti sirme:xaerae.

    aegae emro:z paeysae dastae b s e, yaek sand ta pakaete xwayime:xaerae.

    aegae emro z paeysae dastae basae, yaek cand ta masine r'sme:xaerae.

    ae ae emro:z paeysae dastae basae, yaek cand ta besqab me:xaerae..

    emro:z paeysae dastae bar 3e, yaec cand ta xakestaer danime:xaerae.

    aega-e

    Drill C.

    aegae ale waext dostae base:m, aemraye golam molaqat me:kone:m.

    aeage ale waext.daStae baSe:m, aemraye golam sinoma

    aegge sZe waext dostae bada.mi aemraye golam kaebab xo:rdaenme:re:m,

    .-aegae ale waext daStae batie:m aye golam ketabae me:xaer :m.

    aegae ale'waext dastae ba6'e:m, aemraye golam felmae saeylme:kone:m.

    aegae ale waext d kae bE :m, aemrayegolarn kareie xaelasme:kone:m.

    aegae ale waext dasta base:rnf aemrayegblam dae sefaraene:re:m.

    aegae alL waext dastac babe:m, aemraye golam pe:se janme:re:m.

    aegae ale waext dastae base:m, aemraye golam dae kanfaeransme:re:m.

    Drill D._

    aegae diro:; waext me:dastom, golamae molaqat me:kaedom.,

    egae diro:z waext metdastom, golamae xanae: xod me;b0:rdom.

    egae diro:z waext me:dastom, golamae farsi daers me:dadom.

    aegae diro:z waext me:da6tom,-golamae xane: soma myawordom.

    aegae diro:z waext me:daStom golamae ko:maek me:kaedom.

    aegae diro:z-waext me:dastom golamae sinoma me:bo:rdot..

    aegae diro:z waext me:da8tom golamae aewaxuri me:bo:rdom.

    aegae diro:z wae me:dastom, golamde aemraye xod sar me:bo:rdom.

    128

    J.,

  • aegae diro z 6omarae medidom, bded naeme:6od.

    aegae diro:z aemraye starnaer gaep me:zaedom, baed naeme:odaegae diro:z janae daewaet me:kaedom, baed haeme:.6od.

    -aegae diro:z karetanae xaelas me:kaedoM, beed naeme:6'od..aegae diro:z raja bae zaeraaete aefganestan gaep me:zaedom,

    ,baed naeme:*Sod.

    Aegae diro:z cialinae pass Me:dadom baed naeme:ged.

    aegae'diro:zmo:taere xodae mefro:xtom, baed naeMe:sod.aegae diro:z Mo:taere xodae pakme:kaedoM, baed naeme:sod,aegae diro:z Mo:taere xodae pak me:kaedom, baed.,naemeigod.

    aegae diro:z mo:taere'xodae myawordom, baed naeme:god.

    -Drill T.

    hegaedird:z kar naeme:dastom, somarae medidom.aegae-diro:z kar baete:dagtom yaegdaefaelar ma:rae- om.aegae'dira:z kar Ilaeme:da6tom felm giri'ielkaedom.aegae diro z kar naeme:dagtom, aemraye jan:sinoma me:raeftom.aegae diro:i karnaeme:da-gtom, maektubae taeypme:kaedom,Aegae diro:z, kar naeme:da6tom-; peetan dae xanae myamaeddm.aegae diro:z kar naemb:da tom, emteyane fezikae me:dadom.aegae diro z kat-naeme:da _am baeretan Pkelaew poxtae me:kaedom.

    2

  • leacher:

    CRC ENT pRius

    Student:

    aegae ale waext .Jas he bagam, sinoma m :rota.

    See John.

    Come to your home.

    by the w ring

    invite the boys

    get sa

    ail., to the 'man

    turn on the light

    aegae ale waext dagtaemebenom.

    aegae ale waext datae basom, xanetanwyayom.-

    aegae ale waext aastae basom, qa1inenaewae me:xaerom.

    a_gae ale waext daltae basom, becaraeanewaet me:konom.

    gae ale waext datitae bagom, paeysaeraemyarom.

    asgae a ext da tae basom, maseidexodae megerom.

    aegae ale waext dd&tge baom, aemrayeu adaam gup me:zaenom,

    e ale c.aext dastae bgiom, baergaero:Eaen me:konom.

    Drill B.

    aegae ale segret n kaeae, tub ma:sae.

    rdiroiz asgas segret nái!ne:kaeid, xub me: od.

    emsal a enisal &egret naeleaesae xub ma:saa.

    dtaew aega2 disasw s3gret naemkaasid, xub me:sud.aero:z-- aegae-aero:z zegret naekaesaa xub me:sod.

    diro:z aegaa diro:z segret naeme:kaesid, xub mais

    oarsal aega parsal

    aami de ti aagaa aemi desti s

    msaew aagae emaew segr-

    130

    -at naeme id, xub

    naakassae, xub

    makaega

    ne:gae.

    xub me:sae.

  • Orfll C.

    Tsacher

    dlro:z jmnas di eul?

    ma2 6.rrsb

    rafigeta

    tanae

    paasta: ma:famaa?

    -a_ al qaandar rae

    saaba kar

    arm?

    ne:,- _ro:z joie naedidom,xub me:i0d1

    nbae naemyara:n.byararn, xub me:cae.

    na:, raafigeta aegret naaxaeridaegae aagret ma:xaarid, ,xub me

    ma:, tam .poestO: naeme tamae.4agae pa ato: bofamaa, .taib me:baa.

    ne:, parsal qaondar naeraaftom.aegae persal claendar Me:raaftoht,

    xub me:god.

    ar-i xnn :n7 n farsi naexandom.aegae farai ma:xandow, :..cub ma

    ics m-,:aae? a:, saeba kar -alas naeme:.gaa.aagae, saaba.kar xaalas Oewaa, Xub

    me:dae.

    sneba ma- as 'dasvaa e:kona:m? na:, saaba davwaet naema:konometaneaaga- sacba daawaet bokonomatm,

    xub ma:gae.

    .an tan naemyaya,ane:tan by;-7aa,

    :cub 1-,e:gaa .

    em's..aa xane:rna thyayath7

    131

  • Drill A.

    Aegae a

    ( e)

    diro:z

    waext

    Ra411?

    Teacher-

    paaysge dagtae basom,

    (could havesent theletter)

    you (informi

    n me

    saaba

    naema.ta

    diro:i

    ma :tanaeti

    .'-fbaught- the1 radio

    ala

    paeyaaa

    N 'RILLS

    aegae paeysae da6taa sinoMa am.

    aagae dirovz pa.2ysae,m2:daicte:M. sinomaba:raafta.m.

    a-gae diro:z wr at e:das :m, sinoma .raeftema

    &algae diro:z waa; ala:ddAem, xaatae raewan kaedaema:tanpatem.

    aegae .ir z

    a.!gae,diro:z wa

    aa:daste:n, vmetaa raewan kaa

    0:tana- -n.

    :dagte:n, maerae didaa'me:tane _:n.

    -a aaega2 saeba waext' astaa basae, aaerae didaa

    mertiane:na

    a3gae saaba

    aegae

    agaediro:z waat ma:daS

    a e /ro:

    basae, maaraa didaanaeme:tanaa4

    --aaxt ma.dabti

    a.aegaa ale waax daa sta bd6i

    aegae

    ,(buy to kharwars aegaeof saw ctusit )

    saagee

    acrac dida

    amarae didae

    naame:tanest.

    radeyorae Laaame:taneati

    _deyorae xae itft'aewe:,tanis

    eysae c1taa begi, adeyd:rae xa ae

    paaysae dtiftaa ba77e'1,' biaretaeraaacaeraa

    _paaysaa.dasf

    tas basow, do xa-- bura*aeraaxaarida

    _

  • Drill B'

    aegae diro:z xanae me:racf

    (hadn't completed the o k)

    .ale

    (gto the party)

    -emaaew

    j

    to my ho e

    cook paelaew

    (for me)

    (n t ape

    aeme:sae

    diro:

    you(formal)

    talk to iiie boss

    ( veryday)

    (they)

    ale

    NIth us

    xae ae me soddm.

  • teacher:.

    Jan, xodat ce waext dae kabolamaadi.

    aegan eriae nae.ymaedi, ccme:kaadi.

    daa pit; ko:r daxal

    dae sa: maya ke'dae amrikabaare aafganestan amaadaentaerbeyaa godi, ceqae wad:ftfax-Si xandi,

    baz aez g otna. xo emteyane&Arai gar lzan ya na:.

    . .

    aegA3 dac-amtayan knaemaisdi, aefganas tanmn:tanesti?

    TIOt D. ILLS

    Studen

    taecribaen saa ma pa

    aagaa naemymae om, ale do kodampohaentun daers me:xandom.

    .baexyalem no: ma pe:g dae pis ko:rdaxel 'Sodom. aegae -no: ma pe:g daipis ko:r daxel naame:60dom, daaaefganestan amaedae naeme:tanestom.

    Baera se: Lela, ro:ze car sat farsiNanrls:m, aegae ro:za car sat farsinaeme:xande:m, farsirae oqae yadnaamagraftem.

    baa amtayan garaftaan.Jae daa amteyan kamyab godom.

    ama,aa baala:, aao kimyabam naame.sodan-enjae,amaedaa me:tanastom. aemaaagbe farsiraa yad nacmagraftom,daa,anjaa baa-dorosti kar kaedaenaetaztanastom uae aez kare xodlazaet naeme:bo:rdin.

    mc., aagaa kaas dae ettlyankamyabam naahae, aafganastan.amaadas.ma:tanae; =ay baaraCI aaz soua emtayan magaraan.

    .emayan a zi xatar magaraen kabofamaan aerodame Ma caqae farsiyad garaftaa aegaaamteyan naagaraanvfamidae naama:tans.= ke progaram farsi ta. ea

    '-aendazae.xub bodaa, waa,ma xodvmaXub faml_aa naema:tane:m ka caqaefcircL

    _ -

    maa fehr ;ae:_canom ka.aaksaaretanyaag-aendaeae farsi yad megara:n..ya be:taer bogo:yom aemoqaefarsi ma:fame:n ke n:tnyajate soma rast ra:4,]ra:n. acgaa daero:zene:tanaa raafae kone:n'. zaarfa se ma aemaqae farpi rad

    .

    naagare:m, ace yaag taaraeftaambaali marae nedan ra,z,:taa waasee taarafs dagaa teambaalimaalamaya farsiras nebcul ma:taa.

    131

    1

  • :2 -2 ,boolt (41710r10W. it NI-7.ft ba-good.

    Tf.I3e., gook

    11,TION LLS

    r3V 'book tomorrm 't rill

    Ef I 1& ho& tondri.6u, i.yiL1qooe,

    ctur.7,y my book tomorrouLt uill be-good,-

    If I ravieu m, 1ouT tomorrow itbe good.

    IfI review ny 000k tciorrowAU be good.

    I loan 10112-300a.

    If I deliver my'bootoraorrow it will .be gc

    3.

    he'haswill buy sorio books.

    12 h has 'lona7ow= shirts.

    If ha'.buy-some electric bulbs.

    ha s. money toda7 h .iL)1 buyra ,cerpetei-ia has co

    buy so,

    if 1ii_ has mone7 todLbuy air letters,.

    If-ha hasbuil' some .rezors,

    tojny be willof c'lk,

    J

    1

    447'

    I. (

    -1Z: .122

    will buy ss,..a Dlet?.s

  • we_ -'agirre

    tnIth (3ht.0

    now we w-MA meet

    I V3 tine now w7 WA'-2 OVi 11 hulaza.

    1!.7 vz _eve ti;-In now!elbab witb Gh1:1

    V7a hrV tio now wa WILLjo on:" buy -1h12 1cbab T r1th Ghular

    Tf w7 hav%; 7:-M2 nou,w2 will seathn filr7 wi '

    If 7-72 hevl.tril now. aWill, £ic 2 tyor7.

    t2,r:t2 now T.Ta will goezthassy

    w2 havaJohn with :..37-..u1

    Gh...0,77.,

    .If U2 br,v, now 'TI2'

    Orili I.Ifhava. met Joh-a,-

    rhava

    laa P. ti;le

    ye bro,kght

    I .har-. time

    have h2122d Ghulam

    LSi

    z--;) ix-KJ M

    I wo-:216f

    yactarf, .c7t 0 lrotkr

    y2,ster I woul6to th2 noviq.

    T _

    bpv.i:a1/47n

    X-r=

    ay I . wouleyen.

    beetrin at

    -y.sct.

    nava n bui to

    ,lay I would_

  • 1.41*

    _ 1 14( Q3Sfl yo. yehay?. balm ac.

    wouldntt

    If I ha,.1 t ir. tinr e_#reay oa

    1-.7:1 he 5,11vit2 Jobnwo.o1e'lutt hava- 4v!en bacl

    121t2r0_., it woot0.611t haNr.I bati

    :7.1 I het about,,--.1t-Irc..

    1o1lt hava bean bet.1.. J. rat-xm tha

    a r won, bran bad,

    t

    !vol:CiAmIt hav

    IZ I had olatit uarIlr'flo haw.

    1:17X

    1.1ova bri 3t11--

    , ,:c)

    X 1:7D-,2 linv3

    Ahterj.

  • r:g )

    rr.

    K

    ksi n

    urn rirry.

  • t

  • 143

    140

  • de: go mola naebrodin

    bud nasbud Yaeg mola bud;

    ,

    name aezi mola naesrodin bud.

    0rodiddgesays besyar daoaesp daraa.

    so ma:gom::

    mae amro:z yaSki aez cisS eaae

    naes-

    mola naesrodin yaeg rosz yaeg daig kar'datt.

    psz xateraaft ke,yaeg detg elaarz konae.

    yasg de:g qaerz dad. caand ro:z bad, mola de:ge aamsayas

    yaeg desgeaeram daa baeyne daige aemaayae maud

    e baeres

    laken

    aemsayae aez Mola pc:1mm

    kaed ka 1. da:geae eis;mae xo4rae baeret:nasdadaa bodom. mola gate; ke

    ni daiga degae ouee: de:ge kaelen-aesseige aoma anelaadar bud. dab

    ma micas dad. maa bayaed coomsam aomraya babretan my:rdom. Da

    de:g male giama-es."

    emsayae pei3e7:xod fekr kaed_ke,"mola aehmaq-aeas; adaem bayaod male

    aehmaeciae'boxotrae."' maim-Oar, aemsayaa-besyar xo; god wae

    geraft. eaantlto: z bacibaz Mola aez aemsays: xod yaeg de:g.-

    qaprz kaed. aansayae bas beSyar,xoai yaeg danae de:g baere mola ciaerz'dad

    aemsayae

    me

    yaag ro gozaerit

    del besyar xo5 bud abz xatereke faker kaed Ice baz de:gee

    gozaeat, paanj ro:z gotaest daa ro:z

    gozaelt biEr6 po.z gozaat, o.z gozaat, col rosz gozaeit laken

    1.mola de:gee Paes.naedad. taebaen, aemsayae be:aeweelas sod wa e dee x es

    mole raaft ke de:go xodae paes begerae.

    lisolarae goft ke "cera desgemae paes nawordi" mola goft ke"boba sem

    sayb, getan !wird; dl_rosz rosze,celeB bud wae ma fatyaygae prate

    145

    14t

  • ke tu besyar laewdae-s e:g xo adaem ne kezut de:ge maerae paeyda ice aegae ta Beebe de:gemae pees ;mai,

    bee polls e1,la .me torn.0 mole goft ke, "Ferns laawdaestem. aemoto lea de:gbaz.Yaeg waext,me:moram.. cuce: de:g xosetan mimed, al

    baedetan rayayae."

    viola goft ke' de:gJen me: gee. ke emro'Soma goftesrke yaegan amer xub nae

    o ltae mesiom Ice deers betom.aelyabad raeft Ice-Tnaeriise-Bebenee.aerirnxanae ke kamyab gaewae.

    rae:rae:ke iagerda mateleg-aestaen..xanae mesraa ke xanomem matelam-aess.

    me:xorom krbeayar tosnae-storn.-'

    ke has various meanings in Feral.. hér oe some of its uses:In .sentences in A, Ica is used in direct speech. It is like quotationmaiks used in writing to show direct speech. It should be noted, .furtherthat in Feral, direct speech is very freqient; -and indirect sp-eeoh,'unlike English, is very common. That is to says in Fers l. we don't say"John, said that he was sick." Instead, we say John said, that "I am sick.(Jan goft ke mae maeriz aestorn not Jan goft lip u maerlz bud.)Please note that this ke can be oraitTa.As sentence8 -in13 illustrate, ke has the meaning of "in order to" e.g."mae senf raeftom ke deers betom" - I went to clean in order to teach.Notice, however, that whenever ke isoused in this siiireTIn7rerb ofthe subdrdinate clause should always be in the optative form e.g. "me tramke deers betom" I'm going in order to (so that I, or so afi to) teach.Another meaning of ke is "because, since, or as." As you can see insentences 02 the verb (or be)'ill the subordinate clause is always in 'thepresent-future form - -e.g. "sent me:rom Ice gagerda matelem-aestaen"I am going to class because the e-,udents atie waiting for me.

    146142

    ,

  • aez eaderate; kae dtaer-ae,es.

    aez nakeg kaedae

    gee (Ice). be: sewade : aefanoetn aez basewadeg kaedae zyadtaer-aeses

    sgae (ke) ko aye Began_ !

    z daeryaayg kaedae zyadtaer-aeza.

    .gae (ke) desclanaye aef anestan aez mammrinei kaedae zyadtaer-aaaa.

    gae (ke) kogaye aellanestan aez wadiayg kaedae ,zyad aer-aeas.

    am melgae (ke) waredate aefanesti nez eaderate6 kaedae zyadtaer-aees.

    ntill B.

    oma gofte:q (ke) b e motaoxaoees

    goma goftem (ke) i wezaraet ,ba maehrugat ehteyaj

    item (ke) i woiaraet bae maewade ertez aqi

    goma gofte:n (ke) 1. wezaraet bae maordome tae1,

    goma gofte:n (ke) . ozarae t bao xanaesaman ehtayaj darae.

    goma gofte:n (ke) i weartiet bae ta wae o:ye be:s+ ehteyaj darae.-.

    gofte:n (k za t bao mogaworin bataejrobae ehteyaj darae

    daft°.

    arae.

    yaj dar

    ehteyaj darae.

    1437

  • ae me:rae ke kar dara

    e ke yaeg radeyo: bexaerae.

    baanmeirae ke raeficle xodae kabol byarae

    lam aefaxanae .thesrae.ke-raeficie imdae beben

    lam pesge xasyat me:rae ke deregi xodae begerae..

    golam-pe:ffe xaeyat me:rae ke gearlo-sendame xodae begerae.

    &lam pea° xavat metrae,ke naetlune xodae dorost kohae.-

    Dr111

    sengAsr meijusterde ke beaiar xu

    an yaexmesxayaLke besyar gaermi-ss.

    Xeyaelmbesyar mandae-ps.

    -de, ke:besyar goihae-se.

    etxakae ke besyar baercia

    xaerbuzae me:xaérae kebesyar aerzan-aess.

    an cialln me:xaerae,ke besyar xuba-aespo

    144

    148

  • Students goften. ke jan dae i daeftap

    StUdtints roi

    aefeatan aez a ertJ keedee zya

    g sn ke bee fekre mae waredate

    ayadteer-seas.

    ad'aefganest- tesdade boss

    mairateb xyadt r-aexa.

    StUdent a meigesn ke dae aefgane

    keedee bee maerateb vadtaer-aos

    agwe ogee saerd naebud.

    dirosz aewi oqaedaer naerd na

    Teachers

    Studen gomag

    a aadera

    kiedea bi

    deft bo:aewai aez bagewad,

    Teachers bae,aegides mae bayeed taemajne piakosra baraye ieneetan

    beayar xedmeet koneen.

    Students ue:gesn kg ba se bayaed taemsrno piskotra

    baeraye gefbnestan besyar xodmaet konaen.

    14914 of

  • doro

    ertxc

    dorest *damn.

    1 it'd

  • 21rIATION RtILLS

    _1 ak.

    ale bayaed tari

    Jan melgae ke a1 -

    iki

    goft ke

    taelirtv-o-taerbiye

    karim

    met xaytie ke

    waredat,o-eaderate aezlaye

    _e aef'anestanaa xub motalette konom.

    soma me:ge:n ke

    mae neeme:gom ke

    aetma

    -e

    147

    151

  • 148

    152

  • 14

  • the w. be teus to Mghana

    a detge xe ae qaers de

    la exwaaze yaek detg, do degg taere *omegas dad7:.,

    5) cera aomsayao £ekr kaed ke mole

    6) cora aeayae baz baere mole de:ge-xodie:

    7) cera mole detgaa daefes dotrom.paes needed?

    '8) aemsayae,teneat ke dege dowomae-paea

    9) Isola coto aemayaerae -riene:

    :134

  • ;

    J

    =

  • flA'AL

    A

  • .

    ,,

  • 161

  • Ai;

    Le

    A.: [

    )

    I

    1 5 ti

    162

  • jr.tri.-7

    1.)

  • U.:01 tia

  • 64-toa

    1.4

    )

    -1

    L.:

    4=IA 144.".

    J

  • 991

    09T

    K

  • 161

    157

  • :

  • pace. das v maeèhur

    bud. yaelt( ro:z baere waezire xod goft ke dae dbnya aez mae haedag-/

    kaese me:man naewaztaer-aess? waezires goft baele:

    mae ma:4Um-aess, dae qaerye: taey yaek adaem 1)aename ata7m-aese ke

    nesbaet bee soma me:mannaewaztaer-aes. I paea besyar gar tied wae

    goft Ice ta mae I adae-ae naehogom name-


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