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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 087 116 EA 005 859
AUTHOR Gallagher, Paul E.TITLE Playgrounds: An Experiment in Citizen Participation.
A Report.INSTITUTION Old Colony Planning Council, Brockton, Mass.SPONS AGENCY Department of Housing and Urban Development,
Washington, D.C.PUB DATE Jun 71NOTE 66p.; This document contains 33 leaves, all of which
are 11 inches wide by 8 1/2 inches high and requ4_retwo microfiche frames
EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29DESCRIPTORS *Building Innovation; *Citizen Participation;
*Community Development; *Economically Disadvantaged;Federal Aid; Guides; Minority Groups; *Playgrounds;Program Descriptions; Student Participation
IDENTIFIERS *Charrettes
ABSTRACTLay citizens, high school students, and professionals
were involved in a project to plan, design, and construct threeinnovative playgrounds in the inner-city of Brockton, Massachusetts.Using the citizen participation process, two playgrounds designedinnovative uses of donated materials such as old tires, discardedtelephone poles, and conduit pipe were planned and completed. How theconception of the charrette process was implemented is described.inseparate accounts of each of the three charrettes. In order toprovide some guide to communities, organizations, or institutions whomay be interested in attempting a similar experiment in buildingplaygrounds using 'citizen participation, a brief, outlined "how-to"manual is included. (Photographs may reproduce poorly.)(Author/MLF)
$J,
0 111
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
HE
ALT
H.
ED
UC
AT
ION
& W
ELF
AR
E.
NA
TIO
NA
L IN
ST
ITU
TE
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
TH
IS D
OC
UM
EN
T H
AS
BE
EN
RE
PR
OD
UC
ED
EX
AC
TLY
AS
RE
CE
IVE
D F
RO
MT
HE
PE
RS
ON
OR
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
OR
IGIN
AT
ING
IT P
OIN
TS
OF
VIE
W O
R O
PIN
ION
SS
TA
TE
D 0
0 N
OT
NE
CE
SS
AR
ILY
RE
PR
ES
EN
T O
FF
ICIA
L N
AT
ION
AL
INS
TIT
UT
E O
FE
DU
CA
TIO
N P
OS
ITIO
N O
R P
OLI
CY
PLA
YG
RO
UN
DS:
AN
EX
PER
IME
NT
IN
CIT
IZE
N P
AR
TIC
IPA
TIO
N
by P
aul E
. Gal
lagh
er
A r
epor
t fro
m th
e O
ld C
olon
y Pl
anni
ng C
ounc
il
The
pre
para
tion
of th
is r
epor
t was
fin
anci
ally
aid
ed th
roug
h a
fede
ral
gran
t fro
m th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hou
sing
and
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent,
unde
rth
e U
rban
Pla
nnin
g A
ssis
tanc
e Pr
ogra
m a
utho
rize
d by
Sec
tion
701
ofth
e H
ousi
ng A
ct o
f 19
54, a
s am
ende
d.
TA
BL
E O
F C
ON
TE
NT
S
I.Fo
rew
ord
II.
Acc
ount
of
Proj
ect
A.
Beg
inni
ng
B.
The
Pro
fess
iona
ls
C.
The
Com
mun
ity
D.
Cha
rret
te I
E.
Bui
ldin
g th
e "V
isib
le S
truc
ture
"
F.Su
mm
ing
Up
Cha
rret
te I
G.
The
Lon
g W
inte
r of
Cha
rret
te I
I
H.
Cha
rret
te I
I M
eetin
gs: S
earc
hing
for
The
For
gotte
n M
an
I.T
urni
ng to
You
th I
nvol
vem
ent
J.Pl
ymou
th S
t. Pl
aygr
ound
: Rev
isite
d M
arch
30
& 3
1
K.
Prep
arin
g fo
r th
e Y
outh
Cha
rret
te
L:
The
You
th C
harr
ette
: Cre
atin
g a
Play
grou
nd
5 6 6 S 9
1I
11 I 4
I 15 16
M.
The
Cop
elan
d Sc
hool
Con
stru
ctio
nN
.E
ndin
g
Ill.
Sum
mar
y an
d C
ritiq
ue
A.
Cha
rret
te I
The
Eas
t Sid
e
B.
Cha
rret
te 1
1 -
Nor
th W
arre
n A
rea
C.
Cha
rret
t11
1Y
outh
1).
Con
clus
ions
and
kcc
omm
enda
t ion
s
VI.
App
endi
ces
A.
1 lo
w-T
o-N
lanu
al
B.
Proj
ect P
artic
ipan
ts
C.
Don
ors
D.
Bib
liogr
aphy
18 19 2 i
99 93 93 9 23 96 3(1
31 31
I. F
orew
ord
CIT
IZE
N P
AIZ
T1(
:IPA
TIO
N
'111
10 I
S th
e itv
but
lite
&w
ilt'''.
Shak
espe
are
(..r
iala
nits
. Act
III
The
re a
rc 9
0,00
0 pe
ople
in th
e C
ity o
f B
rock
ton,
Nla
ssac
huse
tts.
Som
e ar
e w
ealth
y; m
any
are
not.
A th
ird
of th
ese
peop
le, m
ost o
f th
eha
ve-n
ots,
live
in th
e in
ner-
city
in a
fou
r sq
uare
mile
are
a w
here
ove
rfi
fty
perc
ent o
f th
e ho
usin
g is
in a
det
erio
ratin
g or
dila
pida
ted
con-
ditio
n. T
here
arc
a f
ew th
ousa
nd b
laC
ks a
nd s
ever
al h
undr
ed P
uert
oR
ican
s. T
hey
are,
mos
t of
them
, poo
r.
The
se a
rc p
eopl
e of
the
city
and
for
them
, the
era
of
trad
ition
alN
ew E
ngla
nd s
elf-
suff
icie
ncy
has
pass
ed f
orev
er. G
over
nmen
t mus
tpr
ovid
e fo
r so
me
of th
eir
need
s, f
or th
e sa
ke o
f ef
fici
ency
or
beca
use
ther
eis
no
othe
r pr
ovid
er. T
rash
is p
icke
d-up
, let
ters
are
del
iver
ed,
wel
fare
is d
istr
ibut
ed, s
choo
ls a
re b
uilt,
pla
ygro
unds
are
con
stru
cted
.B
ut th
C n
eed.
, and
wan
ts o
f th
e pe
ople
dif
fer
and
the
gove
rnm
ent i
sto
o fa
r re
mov
ed, t
oo la
rge
and
unw
ield
y; s
omet
imes
, as
in th
e ca
se o
fm
inor
ities
and
the-
poor
, bec
ause
thei
r vo
ices
are
too
smal
l to
be h
eard
or, e
ven
wor
se, b
ecau
se a
pic
k-y(
mrs
elf-
up-b
y-th
e-bo
otst
raps
-goy
ern-
men
t" is
not
list
enin
g at
all.
If la
ck o
f co
mm
unic
atio
n is
the
prob
lem
, is
citiz
en p
artic
ipat
ion
the
answ
er?
With
it, c
ould
suc
h co
mm
unity
dev
elop
men
t pro
ject
s as
pla
y-gr
ound
s fo
r th
e in
ner-
city
be
plan
ned,
des
igne
d an
d co
nstr
ucte
dpl
ay-
grou
nds
that
wou
ld r
epre
sent
the
need
s an
d w
ants
or
the
com
mun
ity?
The
se a
re th
e qu
estio
ns th
at th
is p
roje
ct s
ough
t to
answ
er. T
he p
roje
ct,
fund
ed b
y a
517,
000
gran
t fro
m f
lUD
to th
e O
ld C
olon
y Pl
anni
ngC
ounc
il, w
as to
pla
n an
d de
sign
thre
e in
nova
tive
play
grou
nds
in th
ein
ner-
city
of
Bro
ckto
n us
ing
the
citiz
en-p
artic
ipat
ion
proc
ess.
The
proj
ect b
egan
in \l
arch
, 197
0 an
d en
ded
in J
une,
197
1. T
he p
roje
ctst
aff
foun
d no
har
d an
swer
s, p
artic
ular
ly n
ot th
e on
es it
sou
ght -
- w
hat
follo
ws
is w
hat t
his
staf
f ob
serv
ed.
4
4i)g- r,
(101) _ ,,
a0
; .4
.S.1.1
',Lir,;"11.'.`--,
- . 0
11111 2 ,'01P
. k
\,...../
,,
BE
GIN
NIN
G
"Mas
ter,
sha
ll I
begi
n w
ithth
e us
ual j
okes
Tha
t the
aud
ienc
e al
zvay
sla
ugh
at?" A
rist
opha
nes-
Alth
ough
a g
reat
dea
l had
com
e be
fore
, it b
egan
- r
eally
beg
an -
on
am
uggy
sum
mer
nig
ht, A
ugus
t. 18
, 197
0, in
a c
omm
unity
cen
ter
mus
tyan
d ai
rles
s fr
om b
eing
lock
ed a
nd u
nuse
d, in
a p
ublic
hou
sing
pro
ject
in B
rock
ton,
Mas
ktch
uset
ts.
The
sta
ff f
or th
e pl
aygr
ound
pro
ject
cam
e ea
rly.
The
y br
ough
tfo
ldin
g ch
airs
fro
m th
e ci
ty's
pov
erty
cen
ter,
a m
ovie
pro
ject
or a
ndsc
reen
bor
row
ed f
rom
a n
earb
y sc
hool
and
cof
fee
and
soft
dri
nks
boug
ht f
rom
a n
eigh
borh
ood
mar
ket.
Win
dow
s w
ere
open
ed a
nd c
hair
sar
rang
ed.
Six-
mon
ths
befo
re, S
elf-
Hel
p, th
e ci
ty's
pov
erty
age
ncy
had
sugg
eSte
dth
at th
e O
ld C
olon
y Pl
anni
ng C
ounc
il ap
ply
to H
UD
for
a s
peci
alpr
ojec
ts g
rant
to p
lan
thre
e pl
aygr
ound
s in
the
inne
r-ci
ty o
f B
rock
ton
utili
zing
citi
zen-
part
icip
atio
n. C
harl
es R
owe,
the
plan
ner
for
the
OC
PC,
gath
ered
toge
ther
an
info
rmal
, vol
unta
ry "
staf
f" to
res
earc
h an
dfo
rmul
ate
a pr
opos
al a
nd th
en p
repa
re a
n ap
plic
atio
n to
HU
D f
orfu
ndin
g.T
his
volu
ntee
r st
aff's
com
mun
ity o
rgan
izer
was
Ron
ald
Bar
ber,
abl
ack
ex-M
arin
e, r
ecen
tly r
etur
ned
from
Vie
tnam
who
live
d in
that
sam
e pu
blic
hou
sing
pro
ject
. Pau
l Gal
lagh
er, a
fre
e-la
nce
wri
ter
with
ala
w d
egre
e, w
as th
e pr
ojec
t wri
ter.
Cha
rles
Row
e, a
city
pla
nner
and
form
er P
eace
Cor
psm
an, w
ould
sup
ervi
se th
e pr
ojec
t.T
he p
lan
they
pre
pare
d an
d su
bmitt
ed to
HU
D a
s an
"A
pplic
atio
nfo
r an
Urb
an P
lann
ing
Ass
ista
nce
Gra
nt f
or a
Rec
reat
ion
and
Play
grou
ndSt
udy"
was
acc
epte
d. H
UD
aw
arde
d a
$17,
000
gran
t to
the
OC
PC f
orst
udy
and
plan
ning
pur
pose
s an
d se
vera
l Bro
ckto
n sp
onso
rs w
ere
con-
trac
ted
to p
rovi
de th
e lo
cal s
hare
. Soo
n af
ter,
the
proj
ect a
nd it
s st
aff
wer
e un
derw
ay.
Ope
ning
the
win
dow
s ha
d he
lped
, but
it w
as s
till h
ot a
nd h
umid
. So
hot t
hat s
ever
al m
en h
ad ta
ken
off
thei
r ja
cket
s, a
nd lo
osen
ed th
eir
ties.
The
wom
en le
aned
on
arm
chai
rs a
nd f
anne
d w
ith f
olde
d m
eetin
gan
noun
cem
ents
. The
re w
ere
man
y ch
ildre
n; th
ey w
ere
thir
sty
and
rest
less
.6
Ron
Bar
ber
bega
n. I
le e
xpla
ined
that
the
play
grou
nd p
roje
ct w
ould
use
the
"cha
rret
te"
proc
ess.
"A
`ch
arre
tte',"
he
cont
inue
d "i
s a
team
com
pose
d of
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nal p
lann
ers,
des
igne
rs,
recr
eatio
nal a
genc
ies
and
publ
ic o
ffic
ials
who
, in
a w
orki
ng p
artn
ersh
ip,
deci
de u
pon
the
loca
tion
and
desi
gn o
f a
play
grou
nd in
you
r ne
ighb
or-
hood
".Il
ead
ded,
"T
he p
rofe
ssio
nals
will
off
er a
dvic
e bu
t the
deci
sion
s w
ill b
e m
ade
by y
ou -
the
peop
le w
ho li
ve in
this
com
mun
ity."
TH
E P
RO
FESS
ION
AL
S
"Milk
and
hon
ey o
n th
e ot
her
side
,ha
llelu
jah!
"'M
icha
el R
ow T
he B
oat A
shor
e"a
song
Tw
o m
onth
s ea
rlie
r,' R
on B
arbe
r ha
d ex
plai
ned
the
"cha
rret
te"
conc
ept t
o an
othe
r as
sem
blag
eth
e ot
her
side
of
the
"wor
king
part
ners
hip"
-th
e pr
ofes
sion
als.
A s
teer
ing
com
mitt
ee c
ompo
sed
prim
arily
of
the
spon
sors
pro
vidi
ngth
e lo
cal s
hare
, for
med
to le
nd th
eir
expe
rtis
e an
d gu
idan
ce to
the
proj
ect g
ener
ally
, and
to th
e ch
arre
ttes
in p
artic
ular
. The
com
mitt
eein
clud
ed f
orm
er B
rock
ton
May
or A
lvin
Jac
k Si
ms,
now
exe
cutiv
edi
rect
or o
f th
e O
CPC
, oth
ers
in th
e pr
ojec
t sta
ff a
nd r
epre
sent
ativ
esfr
om S
elf-
Hel
p, th
e B
rock
ton
Y.M
.C.A
., Sc
hool
Dep
artm
ent,
Park
Dep
artm
ent,
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ent,
play
grou
nd c
onsu
ltant
s fr
omA
dvis
ory
for
Edu
catio
nal E
nvir
onm
ents
, and
C. G
love
r T
hom
pson
alo
cal a
rchi
tect
.M
eetin
g se
vera
l tim
es b
etw
een
June
and
Aug
ust t
he s
teer
ing
com
mitt
eede
cide
d to
fun
ctio
n on
an
advi
sory
bas
is a
nd n
ot d
icta
te to
the
com
-m
unity
. At t
hese
wee
kly
mee
tings
gui
delin
es f
or th
e pr
ojec
t wer
efo
rmed
and
the
targ
et a
reas
for
cha
rret
te a
ctio
n w
ere
pinp
oint
ed.
The
fir
stta
rget
are
a se
lect
ed w
ithin
the
inne
r-ci
ty w
as th
e E
ast
Side
. In
the
boun
ds o
f th
is a
rea
ther
e ex
iste
d on
ly m
inim
al p
lay
faci
litie
s, tw
o pu
blic
hou
sing
pro
ject
s. a
nd th
e m
ajor
ity o
f B
rock
ton'
sbl
ack
and
low
inco
me
popu
latio
n.A
n op
en m
eetin
g fo
r al
l Eas
t Sid
e re
side
nts
to d
iscu
ss p
layg
roun
dsw
as a
nnou
nced
in th
e lo
cal n
ewsp
aper
s; p
oste
rs a
nd p
amph
lets
wer
edi
stri
bute
d do
or to
doo
r. T
he a
nnou
ncem
ent r
ead
that
ther
e w
ould
be m
ovie
s, s
lides
, cof
fee
and
refr
eshm
ents
. All
ages
wer
e w
elco
me.
The
time
and
plac
e w
ere
Aug
ust 1
8, 1
970
in th
e C
omm
unity
Cen
ter
in
Cre
scen
t Cou
rt, t
he h
eart
of
the
city
's la
rges
t and
mos
t rac
ially
mix
edpu
blic
hou
sing
pro
ject
.
TH
E C
OM
MU
NIT
Y
-.V
ow h
ere.
vou
see
. it
take
s al
l the
runn
ing
you
can
(10,
to k
eep
in th
e.s
ame
plac
e. 4
von
wan
t to
get
som
ewhe
re e
lse,
you
mus
t run
at
leas
t tzv
ice
as fi
tst a
s th
at!"
Lew
is C
arro
ll"A
lice
Thr
ough
the
Look
ing
Gla
ss"
Ove
r fi
fty
peop
le w
ere
in th
e co
mm
unity
cen
ter
that
Aug
ust e
veni
ng.
mos
t or
them
wer
e bl
ack.
Man
y w
ere
child
ren
- sm
all c
hild
ren
who
mm
othe
rs d
id n
ot w
ant t
o le
ave
alon
e at
hom
e. N
oise
fro
m th
e bo
ysan
dgi
rls
play
ing
inth
ena
rrow
, ope
n st
rip
betw
een
the
proj
ect
build
ings
filt
ered
in th
roug
h th
e op
en w
indo
ws.
Vis
ibly
, the
pro
ject
sta
ll-w
as d
isap
poin
ted.
Aft
er a
n ex
tens
ive
publ
icity
cam
paig
n on
t he
Eas
t Sid
e in
clud
ing
a di
stri
butio
n of
800
fly
ers,
pos
ters
,ne
ws
artic
les
and
door
to d
oor
visi
ts b
y R
on B
arbe
r on
ly tw
enty
adu
ltsha
d sh
own
up a
nd v
ery
few
of
them
wer
e m
en.
Aft
er in
itial
exp
lana
tion
by R
on B
arbe
r, it
was
evi
dent
that
man
y of
the
com
mun
ity r
esid
ents
wer
e sk
eptic
al a
nd s
uspi
ciou
s. S
ome,
par
-tic
ular
ly th
e bl
ack
men
, wer
e ch
alle
ngin
g an
d bi
tter.
The
y en
umer
ated
othe
r go
vern
men
tal p
rom
ises
not
kep
t, re
ques
ts u
nful
fille
d. T
hey
had
no f
aith
in th
e po
ssib
ility
of
obta
inin
g co
nstr
uctio
n fu
nds
from
the
city
. Que
stio
ns w
ere
aske
d su
ch a
s, "
Why
sho
uld
we
have
to b
uild
the
play
grou
nd o
urse
lves
? Pe
ople
are
get
ting
paid
to d
o th
at jo
b-
why
don'
t the
y do
it?-
And
. "I
can'
t get
exc
ited
abou
t the
gov
ernm
ent
fund
ing
play
grou
nd s
tudi
es. W
e ne
ed jo
bs, n
ot p
layg
roun
ds!
Wha
t can
you
do a
bout
jobs
?-D
r. A
llan
Lei
t man
,. th
e A
EI'.
pla
ygro
und
cons
ulta
nt, r
espo
nded
,-B
elie
ve m
e,it'
s be
tter
to u
se y
our
ener
gy to
pla
n an
d bu
ild a
nd n
otle
tit
rot i
nsid
e an
d so
ur to
ang
er a
nd d
espa
ir. A
nger
and
des
pair
will
not h
elp
your
chi
ld, b
ut p
erha
ps th
is p
roje
ct w
ill. S
omet
imes
it m
ayse
em h
ard
enou
gh ju
st to
live
, but
this
pro
ject
nee
ds w
hate
ver
ener
gyyo
u ca
n sp
are.
''W
hen
the
cath
arsi
s w
as o
ver
and
som
e su
spic
ions
alla
yed,
tem
pers
abat
ed a
nd f
ifte
en p
eopl
e vo
lunt
eere
d to
ser
ve o
n th
e fi
rst c
harr
ette
.
7
CH
AR
RE
TT
E I
-lre
are
the
two
halv
es o
f a p
air
of s
ciss
ors,
whe
n ap
art,
Pec
ksni
P,
but t
oget
her
zee
are
som
ethi
ng.
Chi
! rie
SD
icke
ns"M
arl
Ch
Z
The
citi
zen
repr
esen
tativ
es a
nd th
e pr
ofes
sion
als
Cai
ne to
geth
er f
orth
eir
firs
t for
mal
mee
ting
on S
epte
mbe
r 17
, 197
0 at
the
Bro
ckto
nY
.M.C
.A. A
ttend
ing
wer
e se
ven
inne
r-ci
ty r
esid
ents
and
sev
en s
teer
ing
com
mitt
ee m
embe
rs.
The
for
mat
was
uns
truc
ture
d an
d fr
ee e
xcha
nge
of id
eas
was
en-
.co
urag
ed. N
eith
er h
alf
of th
e w
orki
ng p
artn
ersh
ip k
new
for
sur
e th
edi
rect
ion
the
proj
ect w
ould
take
. It w
as a
tim
e fo
r ea
ch s
ide
to b
eed
ucat
ed b
y th
e ot
her.
The
con
vers
atio
n ju
mpe
d fr
om to
pic
to to
pic.
S(n
ne e
xpre
ssed
con
-ce
rns
abou
t van
dalis
m, m
aint
enan
ce, s
uper
visi
on, s
afet
y an
d th
e ne
edfo
r a
pede
stri
an li
ght a
t the
cro
ssin
g fr
om th
e ho
usin
g pr
ojec
t to
the
play
grou
nd. O
ther
s su
gges
ted
play
equ
ipm
ent t
hat r
ange
d fr
om b
ench
esfo
r th
e el
derl
y to
junk
bul
ldoz
ers.
Eff
orts
wer
e m
ade
to d
raw
out
the
char
rette
mem
bers
and
con
vinc
e th
em th
at e
very
one'
s co
ntri
butio
n w
asva
luab
le.
At t
he e
nd o
f th
e m
eetin
g th
e ne
ighb
orho
od c
harr
ette
had
com
e to
seve
ral b
asic
dec
isio
ns:
I.T
he p
layg
roun
d sh
ould
ser
vice
all
age
grou
ps.
2.It
sho
uld
be a
mul
ti-se
ason
al p
layg
roun
d.3.
The
bes
t loc
atio
n w
ould
be
the
Plym
outh
Str
eet p
lay
area
, acr
oss
from
the
Cre
scen
t Cou
rt p
ublic
hou
sing
pro
j-ec
t.4.
Inno
vativ
e pl
ay e
quip
men
t was
pre
ferr
ed o
ver
mor
e co
n-ve
ntio
nal s
truc
ture
s.A
wee
k la
ter,
the
seco
nd m
eetin
g fo
llow
ed a
t the
OC
PC o
ffic
e.A
ttend
ance
was
goo
d fo
r th
e se
cond
mee
ting.
Tho
se p
rese
nt in
clud
ed:
Five
Eas
t Sid
e re
side
nts.
Thr
ee A
t-la
rge
inne
r-ci
ty r
esid
ents
.Fi
ve S
teer
ing
Com
mitt
ee m
embe
rs.
Thi
s pr
oved
to b
e th
e ap
prox
imat
e ra
tio f
or th
e fi
ve m
eetin
gs o
fC
harr
ette
I.
The
sec
ond
mee
ting
bega
n w
ith th
e ch
arre
tte m
embe
rs p
robi
ng th
esc
ope
of th
e pl
anni
ng p
roje
ct a
nd th
e ro
le th
at th
ey s
houl
d pl
ay. S
ome
favo
red
prep
arin
g a
five
-yea
r m
aste
r pl
an to
dev
elop
the
park
(Sa
lisbu
ryPa
rk)
that
bor
dere
d on
the
sele
cted
Ply
mou
th S
tree
t pla
ygro
und
site
.In
the
end
it w
as d
ecid
ed to
con
cent
rate
on
the
smal
l, va
cant
trac
t on
Plym
outh
Str
eet;
a m
aste
r pl
an f
ell b
eyon
d th
e in
tent
and
cap
acity
of
the
proj
ect,
limite
d to
a y
ear's
dur
atio
n.D
iscu
ssio
n at
the
mee
ting
beca
me
repe
titiv
e, n
o ne
w m
ajor
dis
cuss
ions
wer
e be
ing
mad
e an
d so
me
of th
e m
embe
rs w
ere
obvi
ousl
y be
com
ing
impa
tient
. A c
omm
unity
res
iden
t ask
ed w
hat r
ecom
men
datio
ns th
epl
aygr
ound
con
sulta
nt, D
r. L
eitm
an c
ould
mak
e ab
out p
layg
roun
deq
uipm
ent.
Dr.
Lei
tman
rep
lied,
"M
y re
com
men
datio
n is
not
to lo
okto
me
for
reco
mm
enda
tions
."D
r. L
eitin
an e
xpla
ined
that
alth
ough
it s
eem
ed a
dif
ficu
lt an
d tim
eco
nsum
ing
proc
ess,
he
wan
ted
to g
lean
his
info
rmat
ion
and
guid
elin
esfr
om c
harr
ette
dis
cuss
ion
and
sugg
estio
ns s
o th
at h
e co
uld
lear
n w
hat
activ
ities
wer
e ge
nuin
ely
wan
ted,
wha
t age
gro
ups
wer
e to
be
serv
ed,
and
wha
t sho
uld
be c
lone
with
exi
stin
g eq
uipm
ent.
The
n he
cou
ld tr
yto
fit
the
piec
es to
geth
er to
for
m a
pla
ygro
und
desi
gn. T
he m
eetin
gco
nclu
ded
on th
is n
ote.
A f
ew w
eeks
late
r at
a th
ird
mee
ting,
bec
ause
of
fear
s ex
pres
sed
bybo
th th
e co
mm
unity
and
the
prof
essi
onal
s th
at th
is w
ould
be
just
anot
her
"stu
dy"
proj
ect a
nd n
othi
ng m
ore,
it w
as d
ecid
ed to
atte
mpt
to b
uild
one
pla
ygro
und
stru
ctur
e in
the
fall.
An
inno
vativ
e pl
an f
or a
tow
er-p
latf
orm
with
rub
ber
tire
clim
bers
, sw
ings
and
a s
lide,
bui
lt fr
omdo
nate
d m
ater
ials
, was
sel
ecte
d as
it w
ould
be
imm
edia
tely
"vi
sibl
e" to
the
com
mun
ity. I
f su
cces
sful
, it w
ould
ser
ve a
s an
indi
catio
n of
the
proj
ect's
goo
d fa
ith a
nd e
ncou
rage
the
com
mun
ity's
act
ive
part
icip
atio
nin
the
rem
aind
er o
f th
e pr
ojec
t.T
he f
inal
pla
n w
as a
com
posi
te o
f th
e C
omm
unity
's id
eas,
des
igns
prep
ared
by
the
arch
itect
, Glo
ver
Tho
mps
on a
nd D
r. L
eitm
an's
rec
om-
men
datio
ns.
Aft
er m
uch
disc
ussi
on, i
t was
als
o ge
nera
lly a
gree
d th
at th
e la
bor
forc
e w
ould
be
solic
ited
from
the
neig
hbor
hood
and
not
fro
m s
ugge
sted
outs
ide
sour
ces
whi
ch in
clud
ed s
trik
ing
unio
ns a
nd a
loca
l Sea
-Bee
deta
chm
ent.
"It c
ould
be,
" co
mm
ente
d D
r. L
eitm
an, "
that
Ron
Bar
ber
will
hav
e to
sta
rt b
uild
ing
the
stru
ctur
e hi
mse
lf a
nd h
opef
ully
, as
Tom
Saw
yer
whi
tew
ashi
ng h
is f
ence
, dra
w o
ut c
urio
us m
embe
rs o
f th
e
8
com
mun
ity to
giv
e hi
m a
han
d."
The
fou
rth
mee
ting
had
to b
e re
sche
dule
d w
hen
only
two
com
mun
itym
embe
rs s
how
ed u
p. O
n th
e re
sche
dule
d da
te a
list
of
mat
eria
ls to
be
soug
ht f
rom
don
ors
was
dra
wn
up a
nd N
ovem
ber
I 1,
197
0 -
Vet
eran
'sD
ay -
was
pin
poin
ted
as th
e co
nstr
uctio
n da
te.
BU
ILD
ING
TH
E "
VIS
IBL
E"
STR
UC
TU
RE
"Wor
k co
nsis
ts o
f w
hate
ver
a bo
dy is
obl
iged
todo
..
Play
con
sist
s of
wha
teve
r a
body
is n
otob
liged
to d
o,"
:liar
'? T
wai
n"T
om S
awye
r"
Vet
eran
s' D
ay b
egan
om
inou
sly
with
hea
vy b
lack
clo
uds
and
inte
r-m
itten
t sho
wer
s. M
ost o
f th
e pe
ople
in B
rock
ton
wer
e fe
arfu
l for
the
annu
al p
arad
e, b
ut T
erry
D'E
ugen
io, o
f th
e A
dvis
ory
for
Edu
catio
nal
Env
iron
men
ts, a
per
petu
ally
sm
iling
, big
-fra
med
for
mer
Mar
ine
and
now
build
er o
f ch
ildre
n's
play
grou
nds,
wor
ried
abo
ut th
e w
eath
er f
ordi
ffer
ent r
easo
ns.
By
11:3
0 a.
m. t
he r
ain
had
stop
ped
and
the
clou
ds r
olle
d aw
ay. T
heto
ols
prov
ided
by
AE
E, t
he Y
.M.C
.A. a
nd th
e R
ecre
atio
n D
epar
tmen
tst
ood
read
y, a
s di
d th
e te
leph
one
pole
s de
liver
ed b
y th
e B
rock
ton
Edi
son
Com
pany
; the
lum
ber
dona
ted
by a
loca
l com
pany
; and
a lo
adof
san
d le
ft b
y th
e Pa
rks
Dep
artm
ent;
woo
dchi
ps f
rom
the
Fore
stry
Serv
ice;
a s
lide
from
the
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ent;
disc
arde
d au
tom
obile
tires
fro
m a
loca
l gar
age;
and
sev
eral
mem
bers
of
the
stee
ring
com
mitt
ee.
But
no
child
ren
and
no a
dults
fro
m th
e co
mm
unity
.W
hen
the
shov
els
brok
e gr
ound
and
the
chai
n-sa
w s
ound
ed it
s gr
atin
gal
arm
, the
chi
ldre
n ca
me,
fol
low
ed b
y m
othe
rs. B
ut th
e fa
ther
s an
dhu
sban
ds n
ever
cam
e. S
ome
stoo
d in
doo
rway
s an
d ot
hers
beh
ind
win
dow
s, b
ut th
ey n
ever
cro
ssed
the
stre
et. O
ne b
lack
man
bec
kone
dPa
ul G
alla
gher
ove
r an
d of
fere
d hi
m n
ails
, whi
ch w
ere
need
ed, b
utde
clin
ed G
alla
gher
's o
ffer
to c
ome
over
and
join
in.
The
chi
ldre
n, h
owev
er, h
ad a
gra
nd ti
me,
mos
t of
them
eve
n sk
ippe
dth
e ci
ty's
big
par
ade.
The
y sh
ovel
ed p
ole
hole
s in
the
rock
y gr
ound
,st
rugg
led
with
hea
vy w
heel
barr
ows
in te
ams
and,
und
er T
erry
's s
uper
-vi
sion
, dri
lled
hole
s, s
awed
boa
rds
and
poun
ded
nails
,W
hen
it w
as d
ark,
the
plat
form
str
uctu
re o
f te
leph
one
pole
s, lu
mbe
r,a
gang
plan
k an
d a
slid
e w
as f
inis
hed;
fou
r po
les
wer
e pl
aced
to b
orde
r
the
arca
, roc
ks a
nd tr
ash
wer
e cl
eare
d an
d a
sand
and
woo
dchi
p ba
seha
d be
en p
repa
red
arou
nd th
e st
ruct
ure.
Whe
n th
e da
ily n
ewsp
aper
, the
Bro
ckto
n E
nter
pris
e, w
ok a
pic
ture
of th
e st
ruct
ure
in th
e gr
ayin
g lig
ht, t
he p
latf
orm
was
' bsc
ured
by
the
sixt
y ch
ildre
n th
at h
ad b
uilt
it. T
hen
the
child
ren
bega
n to
pla
y on
itw
hile
the
tired
adu
lts s
tart
ed h
ome.
Alla
n L
eitm
an r
efle
cted
on
the
day
and
said
, "If
onl
y so
met
hing
coul
d he
bui
lt ev
ery
Satu
rday
." E
very
one
agre
ed.
SUM
MIN
G U
P C
HA
RR
ET
TE
I
"Now
this
is n
ot th
e en
d. I
t is
not e
Ven
the
begi
nnin
g of
the
end.
But
it is
,pe
rhap
s, d
u vn
d of
the
begi
nnin
g."
Sir
Win
ston
Chu
rchi
llSp
eech
, Nov
embe
r 10
, 194
2
The
fif
th a
nd f
inal
mee
ting
of C
harr
ette
I w
as h
eld
on N
ovem
ber
30,
1970
. Bee
r an
d re
fres
hmen
ts w
ere
prov
ided
and
the
slid
es o
f th
e co
n-st
ruct
ion
wer
e sh
own.
The
fin
al p
lan
For
the
rem
aind
er. o
f th
e pl
ay-
grou
nd w
as d
raft
ed b
y th
e ch
arre
tte. I
t inc
lude
d a
rubb
er ti
re "
carg
one
t" c
limbe
r, ti
re s
win
gs, a
tele
phon
e po
le s
andb
ox a
nd a
con
duit
tunn
el.
In th
e su
mm
ary
and
criti
que
port
ion
of th
e m
eetin
g, it
was
not
edth
at th
e nu
mer
ical
invo
lvem
ent o
f th
e co
mm
unity
, par
ticul
arly
the
mal
es, i
n th
e pl
anni
ng a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
phas
es w
as d
isap
poin
ting.
But
it w
as h
eart
enin
g th
at a
pla
ygro
und
had
been
beg
un a
nd w
ould
be
com
-pl
eted
, des
pite
the
fact
that
con
stru
ctio
n fu
nds
had
not b
een
prov
ided
for
the
proj
ect.
It w
as a
lso
enco
urag
ing
that
the
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ent
had
incl
uded
$5,
000
for
this
pro
ject
in it
s pr
opos
ed b
udge
t lO
r 19
71.
Asa
fin
al q
uest
ion.
Jac
k Si
ms,
dir
ecto
r of
the
OC
PC a
sked
the
com
mun
ity r
epre
sent
ativ
es if
they
cou
ld d
o it
agai
n, a
lone
. The
y w
ere
conf
iden
tth
at th
ey c
ould
dea
l with
the
orga
niza
tion
and
plan
ning
phas
es, b
ut th
ey w
ere
doub
tful
abo
ut th
e ga
ther
ing
of d
onat
edm
ater
ials
and
the
actu
al c
onst
ruct
ion
effo
rts.
A C
resc
ent C
ourt
res
iden
t,G
lady
s C
ounc
il, s
aid,
"A
s w
omen
we'
re s
tuck
. We
don'
t hav
e th
ein
flue
nce
to g
et m
ater
ials
don
ated
and
we
can'
t han
dle
the
tool
s an
dhe
avy
wor
k."
Plan
s w
ere
mad
e to
con
tinue
con
stru
ctio
n on
Dec
embe
r 12
, but
the
snow
s ca
me
and
win
ter
drov
e th
e pr
ojec
t ind
oors
unt
il sp
ring
.
PLA
N F
OR
PLY
MO
UT
H S
i PLA
YG
RO
UN
DB
RO
CK
TO
N, M
AS
S.
"I E
CLI
MB
ER
VE
RT
ICA
LT
IRE
sw
. NG
SD
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,
10
TH
E L
ON
G W
INT
ER
OF
CH
AR
RE
TT
E I
I
"Wha
t do
they
do,
the
fish
and
all,
whe
n th
atw
hole
littl
e la
ke' a
sol
id b
lock
of
ice
..
.
they
can
't ju
st ig
nore
it.. .
"
"Nob
ody'
s ig
nori
ng it
!" H
orow
itz s
aid.
He
got
so d
amn
exci
ted
and
all .
..
"The
y liv
e ri
ght
in th
e go
ddam
ice.
It's
thei
r na
ture
, for
Chr
issa
ke. T
hey
get f
roze
n ri
ght i
n on
epo
sitio
n fo
r th
e w
hole
win
ter.
" J. D
. Sal
inge
r"T
he C
atch
er I
n T
he R
ye"
Win
ter
was
app
roac
hing
as
the
staf
f be
gan
to f
orm
ulat
e pl
ans
for
Cha
rret
te I
I. B
ecau
se o
ne o
f th
e ob
ject
ives
of
Cha
rret
te I
had
bee
n to
invo
lve
the
blac
k m
inor
ity, i
t was
dec
ided
to s
eek
the
invo
lvem
ent
of th
e Pu
erto
Ric
an c
omm
unity
in C
harr
ette
II.
Bec
ause
man
y of
Bro
ckto
n's
estim
ated
1,0
00 P
uert
o R
ican
s liv
ed in
wha
t was
labe
led
the
Nor
th W
arre
n A
venu
e ar
ea, t
his
was
a f
acto
r co
nsid
ered
in it
sse
lect
ion
as th
e si
te f
or C
harr
ette
II.
Atte
mpt
ing
to le
arn
from
bot
h th
e su
cces
ses
and
failu
res
of C
harr
ette
I,
cert
ain
chan
ges
wer
e in
stitu
ted
for
Cha
rret
te I
I:1.
The
are
a fr
om w
hich
com
mun
ity r
epre
sent
ativ
es w
ould
be
draw
n w
ould
be
grea
tly n
arro
wed
.2.
The
re w
ould
be
few
er a
nd h
opef
ully
mor
e in
tens
ive
and
prod
uctiv
e m
eetin
gs.
3. T
he v
isib
ility
of
prof
essi
onal
s at
mee
tings
wou
ld b
e de
-cr
ease
d to
em
phas
ize
com
mun
ity c
ontr
ol.
4. C
ynth
ia D
onah
ue, a
Spa
nish
-spe
akin
g re
side
nt o
f B
rock
ton,
trai
ned
in c
omm
unity
rel
atio
ns a
nd f
amili
ar w
ith th
e Pu
erto
Ric
an C
omm
unity
was
hir
ed to
ass
ist t
he s
taff
.5.
A n
eutr
al s
ite w
as s
elec
ted
for
the
open
ing
gene
ral m
eetin
g.W
hen
the
Eas
t Sid
e (
Cha
rret
te:
gene
ral m
eetin
g w
as h
eld
at th
e C
resc
ent C
ourt
Com
mun
ity C
ente
r, r
esid
ents
fro
mot
her
neig
hbor
hood
s as
sum
ed ,i
ncor
rect
ly th
at th
e pr
ojec
tw
as p
rede
stin
ed f
or C
resc
ent c
ourt
.M
isca
lcul
atio
n in
the
chan
ges
mad
e? M
inte
r an
dits
endl
ess,
ex-
haus
ting
holid
ays?
Apa
thet
ic in
diff
eren
cC?
Wha
teve
ras
Sha
kesp
eare
said
in T
he W
inte
r's T
ale.
"A
sad
tale
's b
est f
or w
inte
r."
Thi
s, th
en, i
sth
e ta
le o
f C
harr
ette
II.
The
gen
eral
mee
ting,
ope
n to
all
inte
rest
ed r
esid
ents
of
the
Nor
th11
War
ren
Ave
nue
area
was
hel
d in
the
hall
of th
e Po
rter
Con
greg
atio
nal
Chu
rch.
A n
otic
e an
noun
cing
the
mee
ting
was
pro
min
ently
pub
lishe
din
the
Bro
ckto
n E
nter
pris
e; th
e st
aff
pers
ona;
iy c
anva
ssed
the
area
;fo
ur h
undr
ed le
afle
ts w
ere
dist
ribu
ted,
som
e in
Spa
nish
.N
ine
mem
bers
of
the
Nor
th W
arre
n co
mm
unity
atte
nded
the
mee
ting.
No
Puer
to R
ican
s ca
me.
The
pro
ject
was
exp
lain
ed b
y R
on B
arbe
r an
d th
e co
mm
unity
nodd
ed th
eir
head
s in
sile
nt, r
espe
ctfu
l acq
uies
cenc
e.D
r. L
eitm
an e
xpre
ssed
his
hop
e th
at, u
nlik
e C
harr
ette
I, t
his
grou
pco
uld
find
a "
new
" si
te, o
ne th
at w
as n
ot a
n ex
istin
g pl
ay a
rea.
He
rais
ed th
e po
ssib
ility
of
crea
ting
"ves
t poc
ket"
pla
ygro
unds
or
even
usin
g ro
of to
ps.
Tho
se w
ho li
ved
in th
e ar
ea s
aid
that
the
hous
ing
and
indu
stry
wer
epa
cked
too
tight
ly a
nd th
e on
ly r
emai
ning
pos
sibi
lity
was
to u
se a
port
ion
of P
arm
ente
r Pl
aygr
ound
. Par
men
ter
was
ove
rgro
wn
with
tall
gras
s, s
trew
n w
ith g
lass
and
con
tain
ed o
nly
min
imal
pla
y eq
uipm
ent a
slid
e an
d a
few
sw
ings
.O
ne o
lder
res
iden
t com
plai
ned
that
the
kids
"no
wad
ays"
wer
e to
ola
zy to
wal
k to
Par
men
ter
to p
lay.
Glo
ver
Tho
mps
on, t
he p
roje
ct's
cons
ultin
g ar
chite
ct tu
rned
and
not
ed s
ucci
nctly
, "M
aybe
ther
e's
noth
ing
ther
e w
orth
wal
king
to!"
The
mee
ting
conc
lude
d w
ith a
wal
king
tour
of
the
neig
hbor
hood
.L
ater
, bot
h st
aff
and
the
prof
essi
onal
s w
onde
red
alou
d w
hat h
ad g
one
wro
ng. N
obod
y kn
ew f
or s
ure.
The
y ho
ped
that
with
a d
eter
min
edef
fort
they
cou
ld m
ake
it be
tter.
The
y co
uldn
't.
CH
AR
RE
TT
E I
I M
EE
TIN
GS:
SEA
RC
HIN
G F
OR
TH
E F
OR
GO
TT
EN
?IA
N
"The
se u
nhap
py ti
mes
cal
l for
the
build
ing
of p
lans
..
.th
atbu
ild f
rom
the
botto
m u
p an
d no
t fro
m th
e to
p do
wn,
that
put
thei
r fa
ith o
nce
mor
e in
the
forg
otte
n m
an a
t the
bot
tom
of
the
econ
omic
pyr
amid
."Fr
ankl
in D
elon
-) R
oose
velt
Rad
io A
ddre
ss, A
pril
7, 1
932
At t
he f
irst
cha
rret
te m
eetin
g, it
see
med
bet
ter;
eig
ht c
omm
unity
mem
bers
atte
nded
, inc
ludi
ng tw
o Pu
erto
Ric
an m
en. O
nly
thre
e pr
o-fe
ssio
nals
wer
e pr
esen
t in
orde
r no
t to
intim
idat
e or
ove
rwhe
lm th
e
com
mun
ity. T
he p
roje
ct w
as e
xpla
ined
onc
e ag
ain
and
ther
e fo
llow
eda
good
exc
hang
e of
que
stio
ns a
nd a
nsw
ers
from
bot
h si
des,
the
com
-m
unity
and
the
prof
essi
onal
s.A
lthou
gh n
o de
cisi
ons
wer
e re
ache
d, th
e st
aff
info
rmed
the
char
rette
mem
bers
that
all
of th
e su
gges
ted
vaca
nt s
ites
had
been
exp
lore
d an
dno
ne w
ere
avai
labl
e fo
r th
e pr
ojec
t.A
ttend
ance
wen
t dow
nhill
aft
er th
e fi
rst m
eetin
g. A
nd th
e Pu
erto
Ric
ans
neve
r ca
me
agai
n.A
t the
sec
ond
mee
ting
the
char
rette
dec
ided
upo
n Pa
rmen
ter
Play
-gr
ound
as
the
site
. Unf
ortu
nate
ly, t
his
deci
sion
was
rea
ched
by
a pr
o-ce
ss o
f el
imin
atio
n ra
ther
than
sel
ectio
n.A
llan
Lei
tman
sho
wed
his
pla
ygro
und
slid
es a
nd th
e co
mm
unity
mem
bers
, whe
n pr
esse
d, s
aid
they
fav
ored
the
inno
vativ
e, u
ncon
ven-
tiona
l equ
ipm
ent a
s op
pose
d to
the
stan
dard
sw
ing-
and-
slid
e pl
aygr
ound
.V
anda
lism
and
the
need
for
inde
stru
ctab
le p
lay
equi
pmen
t wer
edi
scus
sed.
The
pos
sibi
lity
of a
teen
cen
ter
was
rai
sed
and
disc
arde
d.Pe
rhap
s it
was
an
oppr
essi
ve f
eelin
g -
havi
ng s
een
and
hear
d it
all
befo
re. M
aybe
the
prob
lem
was
n't e
ntir
ely
the
apat
hy o
f th
e co
mm
unity
;m
aybe
the
staf
f an
d pr
ofes
sion
als
thou
ght t
hat t
hey
coul
d do
it
fast
er a
nd b
ette
r w
ithou
t the
tim
e co
nsum
ing
proc
ess
of a
llow
ing
peop
le to
rea
ch th
eir
own
answ
ers.
For
wha
teve
r re
ason
, eve
ryon
eju
st s
eem
ed to
be
goin
g th
roug
h th
e m
otio
ns o
f a
char
rette
.A
lthou
gh a
ttend
ance
had
dw
indl
ed m
ore
by th
e th
ird
mee
ting,
thre
e hi
gh s
choo
l gir
ls p
rovi
ded
som
e sp
ark
with
thei
r su
gges
tion
that
a sh
ip m
otif
be
used
for
the
play
grou
nd d
esig
n. T
he m
eetin
g m
oved
rapi
dly
from
idea
to id
ea a
nd a
t the
end
the
desi
gn in
clud
ed a
shi
p-sh
aped
pla
tfor
m s
truc
ture
with
rub
ber
tire
carg
o ne
ts, p
aint
ed s
mok
est
acks
, a g
angp
lank
, shi
p's
whe
el, h
atch
es, a
n an
chor
, doc
king
rop
es,
row
boat
san
dbox
es a
nd a
con
duit
subm
arin
e.T
erry
D'E
ugen
io a
nd R
on B
arbe
r sa
id th
ey w
ould
pre
pare
a m
odel
inco
rpor
atin
g th
e su
gges
ted
item
s fo
r th
e ne
xt m
eetin
g.
At t
he f
ourt
h m
eetin
g th
e co
mm
unity
mem
bers
, by
now
out
num
bere
dby
the
prof
essi
onal
s, a
ll ag
reed
that
the
prep
ared
mod
el a
ccur
atel
yre
pres
ente
d th
eir
sugg
estio
ns. T
hey
adm
ired
the
mod
el s
o m
uch
that
Alla
n L
eitm
an s
ugge
sted
that
his
sta
ff a
nd th
e pr
ojec
t's s
taff
pre
pare
mod
el b
uild
ing
kits
for
the
fina
l mee
ting
so th
at e
very
one
coul
dex
peri
men
t with
bui
ldin
g th
eir
own
play
grou
nd. E
very
one
seem
eden
thus
ed b
y th
e id
ea.
12
The
fin
al, d
esig
n m
eetin
g w
as s
ched
uled
for
Feb
ruar
y 3,
197
1, b
utno
body
cou
ld a
ttend
. It w
as p
ostp
oned
unt
il th
e fo
llow
ing
Tue
sday
nigh
t. E
very
thin
g w
as r
eady
. The
kits
- f
rom
bal
sa w
ood
lum
ber
tosm
all s
cale
tire
s -
wer
e sp
read
acr
oss
the
conf
eren
ce ta
ble.
The
pho
to-
grap
hers
fro
m A
EI:
wer
e th
ere;
th,
ofes
sion
als
wer
e re
ady.
One
mem
ber
of th
e co
mm
unity
sho
wet
.R
on B
arbe
r m
ade
som
e ph
one
calls
. He
trac
ked
dow
n on
e of
the
mem
bers
at a
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d po
ol h
all
a sh
arpl
y dr
esse
d bl
ack
who
carr
ied
his
own
cue
with
him
in a
cas
e. H
e co
uldn
't m
ake
it be
caus
e he
was
losi
ng a
t the
tabl
e an
d ha
d to
mak
e hi
s m
oney
bac
k. H
is w
as th
ebe
st e
xcus
e. T
he lo
ng w
inte
r of
Ch
u -r
etie
II
was
ove
r.
PLA
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R P
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ST
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UD
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4.11-
-K:
TU
RN
ING
TO
YO
UT
H I
NV
OL
VE
ME
NT
"To
dry
one'
s ey
es a
nd la
ugh
at a
All
And
baf
fled
, get
up
and
begi
n ag
ain.
"R
ober
t Bro
wni
ng"L
ife
in a
Lov
e"
The
wor
st th
at w
inte
r co
uld
offe
r w
as o
ver;
now
it w
as M
arch
and
alm
ost s
prin
g. I
t was
tim
e to
beg
in a
gain
. The
sta
ff m
embe
rs w
ere
disa
ppoi
nted
and
dis
cour
aged
. The
term
"ci
tizen
-par
ticip
atio
n" h
adtu
rned
sou
r an
d ha
d be
gun
to le
ave
a ba
d ta
ste
in th
eir
mou
ths.
Aft
era
frus
trat
ing
eval
uatio
n of
Cha
rret
te I
I, th
ey d
ecid
ed to
mak
e a
trul
yfr
esh
begi
nnin
g.T
he o
ne b
righ
t lig
ht in
the
plan
ning
ses
sion
s of
Cha
rret
te I
I ha
d be
enth
e co
ntri
butio
ns o
f th
e hi
gh s
choo
l stu
dent
s. W
hy n
ot ig
nore
the
apat
hetic
adu
lts a
ltoge
ther
and
giv
e yo
uth
a ch
ance
to d
o it
on th
eir
own
for
Cha
rret
te I
II?
Inqu
irie
s w
ere
mad
e at
Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
ol to
loca
te a
teac
her
will
ing
to d
onat
e hi
s cl
ass
time
and
assi
stan
ce in
an
effo
rt to
invo
lve
the
yout
h of
the
high
sch
ool i
n th
e pl
aygr
ound
pro
ject
.B
ill B
urge
s, a
bea
rded
, dyn
amic
you
ng te
ache
r w
as in
tere
sted
. Con
-se
quen
tly, o
ne m
orni
ng e
arly
in M
arch
, Ron
Bar
ber
and
Alla
n L
eitm
anex
plai
ned
the
proj
ect w
ith s
lides
of
the
Nov
embe
r co
nstr
uctio
n to
fou
rof
Bur
ges'
s cl
asse
s. T
he s
tude
nts,
a m
ixtu
re f
rom
fre
shm
an to
sen
iors
enro
lled
in A
fro-
Am
eric
an H
isto
ry, A
mer
ican
Min
oriti
es, a
nd C
om-
para
tive
Polit
ical
and
Eco
nom
ic S
yste
ms
liste
ned
atte
ntiv
ely.
Ron
Bar
ber
expl
aine
d th
at h
elp
was
nee
ded,
fir
st o
f al
l, to
com
plet
eth
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
the
Plym
outh
Str
eet P
layg
roun
d. H
e as
ked
how
man
y w
ould
be
will
ing
to h
elp.
Six
ty-t
hree
stu
dent
s vo
lunt
eere
d. M
any
wer
e bl
ack.
Som
e of
them
live
d in
the
hous
ing
proj
ect a
cros
s th
e st
reet
from
the
Plym
outh
Str
eet P
layg
roun
d.
PLY
MO
UT
H S
TR
EE
T P
LA
YG
RO
UN
D:
RE
VIS
ITE
DM
AR
CH
30
& 3
1, 1
971
fros
ts a
re s
lain
and
flo
wer
s be
gotte
nA
nd in
gre
en u
nder
woo
d an
d co
ver
Blo
ssom
by
blos
som
the
spri
ng b
egin
s."
Alg
erno
n Sw
inbu
rne
"Atla
nta
in C
alyd
on"
14
The
six
ty-t
hree
stu
dent
vol
unte
ers
wer
e di
vide
d in
to tw
o gr
oups
.So
on, a
rran
gem
ents
wer
e m
ade
with
the
scho
ol a
dmin
istr
atio
n to
rele
ase
the
stud
ents
fro
m th
eir
clas
ses
and
a gr
oup
was
bus
ed in
eac
hda
y on
Mar
ch 3
0 an
d 31
. The
win
ds o
f M
arch
stil
l lin
gere
d, b
ut th
eda
ys w
ere
sunn
y an
d th
e fr
ost w
as g
one.
Spr
ing
had
com
e at
last
.U
nexp
ecte
dly,
ano
ther
obj
ectiv
e of
the
proj
ect h
ad b
een
achi
eved
-th
ere
was
loca
l fun
ding
for
con
stru
ctio
n. A
sum
of
$3,0
00 h
ad b
een
appr
oved
for
the
proj
ect b
y th
e ci
ty o
f B
rock
ton
and
incl
uded
in th
eR
ecre
atio
n D
epar
tmen
t's b
udge
t for
197
1. L
umbe
r, s
and,
nut
s an
dbo
lts w
ere
this
tim
e, b
ough
t and
pai
d fo
r. B
ut th
e te
leph
one
pole
s,tir
es, w
oodc
hips
, una
ssem
bled
par
k be
nche
s an
d ta
bles
wer
e do
nate
d.T
ools
and
equ
ipm
ent w
ere
borr
owed
fro
m th
e Pa
rk a
nd R
ecre
atio
nD
epar
tmen
ts o
r pr
ovid
ed b
y th
e st
uden
ts th
emse
lves
.In
two
days
of
appr
oxim
atel
y fo
ur w
orki
ng h
ours
api
ece,
the
Plym
outh
Str
eet p
layg
roun
d w
as c
ompl
eted
. Eac
h da
y th
e gr
oups
wer
e a
fair
ly e
ven
mix
ture
of
boys
and
gir
ls, b
lack
s an
d w
hite
s. T
hey
wor
ked
wel
l tog
ethe
r an
d, b
ecau
se th
e w
ork
was
fun
, the
y pl
ayed
som
e to
o,an
d "h
orse
d ar
ound
" to
geth
er. T
here
wer
e th
e in
evita
ble
tran
sist
orra
dios
, bri
ef "
pepp
er"
gam
es w
ith a
n ol
d ba
seba
ll an
d so
me
"tes
ting"
done
of
the
new
pla
y eq
uipm
ent.
Aft
er a
pla
yful
tugg
ing
mat
ch o
n th
eba
nks
of a
nea
rby
stre
am, s
ome
of th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts e
mer
ged
som
ewha
tda
mpe
ned
of c
loth
es, i
f no
t of
spir
it.B
ut th
e w
ork
prog
ress
ed r
apid
ly. T
he b
uild
ers
wer
e no
t sm
all
child
ren
this
tim
e, b
ut y
oung
adu
lts. T
hey
need
ed li
ttle
inst
ruct
ion
orgu
idan
ce b
y T
erry
D'E
ugen
io. S
ome
wer
e fa
mili
ar w
ith th
e to
ols
and
stro
ng e
noug
h to
han
dle
the
heav
y w
ork
them
selv
es.
The
re w
as, h
owev
er, a
slo
w-d
own
afte
r no
on o
n th
e fi
rst d
ay.
Unb
ekno
wn
to th
e pr
ojec
t pla
nner
s, M
arch
30t
h w
asa
half
-day
of
scho
ol f
or th
e sm
all c
hild
ren
of th
e ne
ighb
orho
od. W
hen
they
saw
thei
r fr
iend
s R
on B
arbe
r an
d T
erry
D'E
ugen
io b
ack
with
thei
r to
ols,
tires
and
cam
eras
, the
littl
e on
es s
war
med
ove
r th
ear
ea. S
ome
plea
ded
for
tool
s an
d a
chan
ce to
hel
p; o
ther
s cl
imbe
d th
roug
h,ov
er a
nd u
nder
the
play
str
uctu
res
duri
ng c
onst
ruct
ion;
oth
ers
pulle
don
the
slee
ves
ofth
e ol
der
boys
ask
ing
them
to th
row
the
ball
arou
ndor
boo
st th
emon
to th
e sw
ings
.T
he s
tude
nt v
olun
teer
s ac
cept
ed it
all
in s
trid
e. T
hey
play
ed w
ithch
ildre
n w
ho w
ante
d to
be
play
ed w
ith a
nd th
eyre
linqu
ishe
d th
eir
tool
s an
d gu
ided
the
youn
gste
rs w
ho w
ante
dto
wor
k. P
erha
ps th
e
child
ren
slow
ed d
own
the
wor
k, b
ut it
wou
ld b
e th
eir
play
grou
nd th
eyha
d th
at r
ight
.T
he w
ork
wen
t qui
ckly
on
the
seco
nd c
lay
and
the
lost
tim
e w
as m
ade
up. A
t lun
chtim
e th
e pr
opri
etor
of
the
subm
arin
e sh
op o
n th
e co
rner
beca
me
curi
ous
and
aske
d B
ill B
urge
s w
hat a
ll th
e hi
gh s
choo
l kid
s w
ere
up to
. Bill
told
him
. Fro
m th
en o
n th
e so
das
wer
e on
the
hous
e.W
hen
the
busl
oad
of s
tude
nts
left
at t
he e
nd o
f th
e se
cond
day
, the
yle
ft a
fin
ishe
d pl
aygr
ound
beh
ind
them
, whi
ch in
clud
ed:
1.A
rub
ber
tire
"car
go n
et"
bolte
d an
d at
tach
ed to
the
plat
form
with
ste
el c
able
.2.
An
inte
rcon
nect
ing
tire
swin
g th
at h
angs
fre
e fr
om a
nov
erhe
ad s
uppo
rt.
3.A
con
duit
tunn
el c
over
ed w
ith s
and.
4.A
Lin
coln
log
sand
box
with
sur
roun
ding
ben
ches
.5.
Tw
o- p
ark
tabl
es a
nd b
ench
es.
6.C
able
spo
ols
for
bala
ncin
g an
d ro
lling
.7.
An
area
cle
aned
of
tras
h an
d ro
cks.
8.A
coa
t of
varn
ish
on a
ll sm
ooth
woo
d su
rfac
es.
9.A
pile
of
sand
for
fre
e pl
ay.
10.
A c
ushi
onin
g la
yer
of w
oodc
hips
aro
und
the
play
stru
ctur
e.
In a
dditi
on, s
ince
the
cons
truc
tion
on N
ovem
ber
II, 1
970,
the
play
grou
nd h
ad b
een
sepa
rate
d fr
om th
e st
reet
by
Park
Dep
artm
ent
fenc
ing.
Tw
o ne
w b
aske
tbal
l cou
rts
wer
e to
be
inst
alle
d by
the
Park
and
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ents
in e
arly
sum
mer
and
then
all
of th
e pl
ayar
eas
wou
ld b
e bo
unde
d by
fen
cing
. The
pro
ject
sta
ff, n
ow w
ithfu
nds
avai
labl
e, o
rder
ed tw
o in
dest
ruct
able
bar
becu
e st
oves
to b
ein
stal
led
to e
ncou
rage
adu
lt us
e of
the
area
in th
e su
mm
er.
Whi
le th
e st
aff
and
cons
ulta
nts
wer
e ga
ther
ing
up th
eir
tool
s, th
epl
;ygr
ound
was
aga
in b
esei
ged
in la
rge
num
bers
by
smal
l chi
ldre
nju
st r
elea
sed
from
sch
ool.
Ron
Bar
ber,
a s
taff
mem
ber
and
resi
dent
of
the
neig
hbor
hood
kne
w m
any
of th
em a
s w
ell a
s th
eir
pare
nts;
he
war
ned
that
they
wer
e ri
skin
g a
whi
ppin
g if
they
did
n't g
o ho
me
and
chan
ge to
thei
r pl
ay c
loth
es. S
mili
ng th
ey s
eem
ed to
thin
k th
at it
was
wor
th th
e ri
sk:
The
sta
ff a
nd c
onsu
ltant
s w
atch
ed th
em c
raw
l thr
ough
the
tunn
els,
dive
in th
e sa
ndbo
x an
d du
ck in
and
out
of
the
tires
. Tha
t goo
d fe
elin
g
15
of a
ccom
plis
hmen
t tha
t see
med
to c
onic
onl
y af
ter
cons
truc
tion
was
back
aga
in. A
nd b
ecau
se o
f th
e st
uden
ts' e
nthu
sias
m a
t the
con
stru
ctio
n,ev
eryo
ne w
as p
ositi
ve th
at a
You
th C
harr
ette
wou
ld b
e a
sure
win
ner.
PRE
PAR
ING
FO
R T
HE
YO
UT
H C
HA
RR
EFT
E
"Spr
ing
is a
cal
l to
actio
n, h
ence
to d
isill
usio
n, th
eref
ore
Apr
ilis
cal
led
'11w
cru
elle
st m
onth
'."
Cyr
il C
onno
lly"T
he U
nqui
et G
raze
"
On
Apr
il 1,
197
1, th
e sm
iling
bla
ck a
nd w
hite
fac
es o
f th
e B
rock
ton
Hig
h Sc
hool
stu
dent
s w
orki
ng to
geth
er o
n a
play
grou
nd p
roje
ct a
ppea
red
in th
e lo
cal p
aper
. Fou
r da
ys la
ter
man
y of
the
sam
e fa
ces
mad
e th
efr
ont p
age
of th
e B
osto
n ne
wsp
aper
s. T
his
time,
how
ever
, the
pic
ture
sw
ere
of a
rac
ial c
onfr
onta
tion
invo
lvin
g m
ore
than
200
0 st
uden
ts o
nth
e gr
ound
s of
the
high
sch
ool a
s th
e sc
hool
day
ende
d. T
he B
osto
nG
lobe
's r
epor
t aft
er th
e in
cide
nt s
tate
d:"T
he m
elee
que
lled
only
aft
er p
olic
e us
ed te
ar g
as, w
asto
uche
d of
f by
sev
eral
fis
trig
hts
invo
lvin
g bl
ack
and
whi
test
uden
ts, a
nd s
ubse
quen
t rep
risa
ls b
y bo
th g
roup
s. T
hevi
olen
ce.
.er
upte
d af
ter
two
blac
k yo
uths
alle
gedl
yas
saul
ted
a w
hite
sub
stitu
te te
ache
r ou
tsid
e an
ass
embl
y ha
llse
vera
l wee
ks b
efor
e.
Tw
o da
ys a
fter
the
near
-rio
t, ho
wev
er, b
lack
and
whi
test
uden
ts h
ashe
d ov
er th
eir
diff
eren
ces
in 'r
ap' s
2ssi
ons
and
rest
ored
tran
quili
ty a
t the
sch
ool,
whi
ch c
ost S
17 m
illio
nan
d is
the
larg
est h
igh
scho
ol e
ast o
f th
e M
issi
ssip
pi."
Follo
win
g th
e su
cces
s of
the
cons
truc
tion
proj
ect u
sing
stu
dent
labo
r,th
e pr
ojec
t sta
ff a
nd a
dmin
istr
atio
n ha
d de
cide
d to
mak
e C
harr
ette
Ill
a Y
outh
Cha
rret
te a
nd h
ave
the
yout
h pl
an a
nd d
esig
n th
e ne
xt p
lay-
grou
nd a
nd n
ot m
erel
y se
rve
as a
labo
r fo
rce.
Hig
h ho
pes
wer
e ra
mpa
ntun
til th
e ra
cial
inci
dent
s di
srup
ted
all o
f th
e pl
ans.
For
a w
eek
the
atm
osph
ere
in B
rock
ton,
and
par
ticul
arly
at t
he h
igh
scho
ol, w
as te
nse
and
elec
tric
. In
orde
r to
dis
cuss
the
poss
ible
eff
ect
of th
e di
sord
ers
on th
e fe
asib
ility
of
sche
dulin
g of
the
You
th C
harr
ette
,
Ron
Bar
ber
and
Paul
Gal
lagh
er s
et o
ut to
see
Bill
Bur
ges
at th
e hi
ghsc
hool
.A
fter
the
tens
ion
had
ease
d an
d th
e pr
oces
s of
pre
pari
ng f
or th
e Y
outh
Cha
rret
te h
ad b
een
rest
arte
d, B
ill B
urge
s di
d ha
ve o
ne e
ncou
ragi
ngst
ory
to r
elat
e. H
e ha
d sp
oken
at o
ne o
f th
e st
uden
t "ra
p" s
essi
ons
duri
ng th
e "t
roub
les"
and
had
use
d th
e sl
ides
of
the
stud
ents
at t
hepl
aygr
ound
con
stru
ctio
n to
dem
onst
rate
the
good
that
cou
ld b
e ac
-co
mpl
ishe
d if
bla
cks
and
whi
tes
coop
erat
ed a
nd w
orke
d to
geth
er.
He
said
that
the
stud
ents
, bla
ck a
nd w
hite
, app
laud
ed th
e sl
ide
pres
enta
tion
with
at s
tand
ing
ovat
ion.
Bef
ore
the
plan
s fo
r th
e Y
outh
Cha
rret
te h
ad b
een
crys
taliz
ed, S
elf-
Hel
p of
Bro
ckto
n ha
d ap
proa
ched
the
proj
ect s
taff
see
king
ass
ista
nce
inbu
ildin
g a
play
grou
nd a
t the
Cop
elan
d Sc
hool
a ch
ild d
evel
opm
ent
and
day-
care
cen
ter
fund
ed th
roug
h I-
1,2:
zd S
tart
. It w
ould
be
a pl
ay-
grou
nd f
or p
re-s
choo
l chi
ldre
n at
tend
ing
the
Cop
elan
d Sc
hool
as
wel
l as
for
use
by c
hild
ren
in th
e ne
ighb
orho
od. S
elf-
Ilel
p ha
d tr
ied
to o
rgan
ize
a co
mm
unity
par
ticip
atio
n pr
ojec
t ear
ly in
Dec
embe
r,bu
t thi
s pr
ojec
tw
as a
noth
er c
asua
lty o
f th
e "l
ong
win
ter"
.T
he O
CPC
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
the
proj
ect s
taff
agr
eed
to h
elp
unde
rtw
o co
nditi
ons:
that
the
s!A
lden
ts p
rovi
de p
lann
ing
and
desi
gn in
put
and
not b
e us
ed s
impl
y as
a la
bor
forc
e, a
nd th
at th
e st
uden
ts th
em-
selv
es a
gree
on
the
Cop
elan
d Sc
hool
loca
tion.
Bill
Bur
ges
sele
cted
twen
ty-f
ive
inte
rest
ed a
nd h
ard-
wor
king
stu
dent
sfr
om th
e ea
rlie
r vo
lunt
eers
to s
erve
on
the
char
rette
. The
y w
ere
sepa
rate
d in
to f
our
task
for
ces;
eac
h gr
oup
visi
ted
the
Cop
elan
d Sc
hool
faci
litie
s an
d th
e pl
anni
ng o
ffic
es o
f th
e O
CPC
on
the
wee
k of
Apr
il 12
,19
71, t
o fa
mili
ariz
e th
em w
ith th
e po
ssib
ilitie
s at
the
Cop
elan
d Sc
hool
and
give
them
an
in-d
epth
look
at t
he p
lann
ing
proc
ess
of th
e pr
ojec
t.A
t the
end
of
that
wee
k th
e st
uden
ts w
ere
gath
ered
toge
ther
at t
hehi
gh s
choo
l dur
ing
thei
r lu
nch
peri
od a
nd J
ack
Sim
s, d
irec
tor
of th
eO
CPC
trie
d to
elic
it co
mm
ents
, sug
gest
ions
or
ques
tions
the
stud
ents
had
conc
erni
ng th
e pl
anni
ng p
hase
of
thei
r pr
ojec
t. N
obod
y ha
d an
y-th
ing
to s
ay.
Onc
e ag
ain,
the
spec
ulat
ions
and
rat
iona
lizat
ion
bega
n. P
erha
ps th
eyw
ere
unco
mfo
rtab
le b
ecau
se th
ey w
ere
from
dif
fere
ntcl
asse
s an
ddi
dn't
know
eac
h ot
her?
Per
haps
the
adul
ts in
timid
ated
or
inhi
bite
dth
em?
Perh
aps
the
larg
e gr
oup
was
too
unw
ield
y fo
r ef
fect
ive
disc
ussi
on?
Perh
aps
they
nee
ded
mor
e "e
duca
tion"
in th
e pl
anni
ng a
nd d
esig
n of
16
play
grou
nds
befo
re th
ey w
ould
fee
l con
fide
nt e
noug
h to
off
er th
eir
own
opin
ions
.T
he s
taff
hud
dled
and
dec
ided
to b
reak
the
char
retie
dow
n in
toth
ree
smal
ler
disc
ussi
on g
roup
s th
at w
ould
mee
t at d
iffe
rent
tim
es o
nth
e fo
llow
ing
wee
k at
the
OC
PC o
ffic
e. I
t was
hop
ed th
at w
ith s
mal
ler,
mor
e in
timat
e di
scus
sion
gro
upin
gs th
e st
aff
coul
d m
ore
info
rmal
lyac
com
pFsh
som
e pr
elim
inar
y "b
rain
-pic
king
" of
the
stud
ents
and
als
oin
form
them
of
wha
t the
sta
ff h
ad le
arne
d in
the
cour
se o
f th
e'pr
ojec
t.T
he m
eetin
gs, b
ecau
se ti
me
was
run
ning
sho
rt, w
ere
sche
dule
d fo
r th
esp
ring
vac
atio
n w
eek.
The
stu
dent
s sa
id, w
hen
pres
sed
for
com
men
t,th
at th
e va
catio
n w
ould
be
no p
robl
em.
A to
tal o
f ju
st f
ive
stud
ents
app
eare
d fo
r th
ree
sche
dule
d m
eetin
gsan
d on
ly o
ne a
ppar
ently
con
stru
ctiv
e su
gges
tion
cam
e ou
t of
the
mee
tings
. Jan
ice
Urb
an()
sug
gest
ed th
atit
wou
ld p
roba
bly
be b
est t
osc
hedu
le th
e pl
anni
ng a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
wor
k du
ring
lunc
h ho
urs
and
clas
s tim
e an
d no
t aft
er s
choo
l or
on S
atur
days
. The
- st
aff
agre
ed. T
hefi
rst f
orm
al m
eetin
g of
the
You
th C
harr
ette
was
sch
edul
ed f
or T
uesd
ay,
Apr
il 27
, 197
1 in
the
high
-sch
ool
at lu
ncht
ime.
TH
E Y
OU
TH
CH
AR
RE
TT
E:
CR
EA
TIN
G A
PL
AY
GR
OU
ND
-The
who
le d
iffe
renc
e be
twee
n co
nstr
uctio
n an
dcr
eatio
n is
exa
ctly
this
: tha
t a th
ing
cons
truc
ted
can
only
be
love
d af
ter
it is
con
stru
cted
: but
ath
ing
crea
ted
is lo
ved
befo
re it
exi
sts.
-G
ilber
t Kei
th C
hest
erto
nPr
e/ac
e to
Dic
keni
sPi
ckw
ick
Pape
rs
Fift
een
high
sch
ool s
tude
nts
atte
nded
the
firs
t for
mal
You
th C
harr
ette
mee
ting
on A
pril
27 a
t Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
ol. J
ack
Sim
s op
ened
the
mee
ting
by w
elco
min
g th
e vo
lunt
eers
into
the
proj
ect a
nd e
mph
asiz
edon
ce a
gain
that
they
wer
e no
long
er ju
st a
con
stru
ctio
n fo
rce,
but
ach
arre
tte, a
nd a
s su
ch w
ould
be
resp
onsi
ble
for
not o
nly
build
ing
but
also
pla
nnin
g an
d de
sign
ing
the
next
pla
ygro
und.
Thi
s tim
e th
e st
uden
ts w
ere
mor
e vo
cal.
The
y ap
prov
ed lo
catin
g th
epl
aygr
ound
at t
he C
opel
and
Scho
ol b
ut v
etoe
d th
ree
play
equ
ipm
ent
sugg
estio
ns m
ade
by th
e C
hild
Dev
elop
men
t sta
ff a
t the
Cop
elan
dSc
hool
bec
ause
they
con
side
red
them
too
dang
erou
s fo
r sm
all c
hild
ren.
The
stu
dent
s m
ade
som
e eq
uipm
ent r
ecom
men
datio
ns o
f th
eir
own
and,
tent
ativ
ely
sche
dule
d th
e fi
rst c
onst
ruct
ion
for
Frid
ay, M
ay 1
4.A
sec
ond
char
rette
mee
ting
was
hel
d tw
o cl
ays
late
r on
Apr
il 29
.T
erry
D'E
ugen
io, t
he c
onst
ruct
ion
expe
rt f
rom
AE
E c
ondu
cted
the
mee
ting.
He
bega
n by
ask
ing
wha
t typ
es o
f ac
tiviti
es th
ey w
ould
like
the
Cop
elan
d Sc
hool
pla
ygro
und
to p
rovi
de. H
e lis
ted
the
stud
ents
'su
gges
tions
on
the
blac
kboa
rd. T
hey
incl
uded
:
.C
limbi
ng2.
Veh
icul
ar3.
Sand
4.W
ater
5.C
raw
ling
6.H
idin
g
Dr.
Lei
tman
of
An
stre
ssed
that
the
prim
ary
user
s of
the
play
are
aw
ould
be
child
ren
from
thre
e to
six
and
equ
ipm
ent s
ugge
stio
ns s
houl
dbe
gea
red
to th
at a
ge le
vel.
A s
tude
nt s
ugge
sted
con
stru
ctin
g a
plat
form
such
as
the
one
they
bui
lt at
Ply
mou
th S
tree
t and
Alla
n L
eitm
an s
aid
that
this
wou
ld b
e an
inst
ance
whe
re th
e de
sign
sho
uld
be s
cale
d do
wn
to a
ccom
mod
ate
smal
ler
child
ren.
Aft
er le
ngth
y di
scus
sion
and
man
y su
gges
tions
, a r
ough
pla
n w
asfo
rmul
ated
with
the
follo
win
g ba
sic
equi
pmen
t inc
lusi
ons:
(wag
ons,
bik
es)
I.A
pol
e an
d tir
e st
ruct
ure
2.A
con
duit
tunn
el3.
A p
latf
orm
str
uctu
re4.
Enc
lose
d ca
ble
spoo
ls5.
A ti
re c
limbe
r
To
fina
lize
the
plan
for
tic
play
grou
nd a
nd th
e eq
uipm
ent d
esig
ns,
the
cons
ulta
nt r
ecom
men
ded
that
a s
mal
l vol
unte
er d
esig
n co
mm
ittee
be f
orm
ed a
nd m
eet t
he f
ollo
win
g w
eek.
Eig
ht s
tude
nts
volu
ntee
red.
Aft
er th
e m
eetin
g ha
d ad
jour
ned
and
the
stud
ents
had
ret
urne
d to
thei
r cl
asse
s, A
llan
Lei
tman
ask
ed if
ther
e ha
d be
en a
ny e
ncou
ragi
ng"a
fter
eff
ects
" fo
llow
ing
the
Plym
outh
Str
eet c
onst
ruct
ion.
Bill
Bur
ges
repl
ied
that
sev
eral
of
his
stud
ents
had
take
n th
eir
pare
nts
to v
iew
the
com
plet
ed s
truc
ture
and
Ron
Bar
ber
adde
d th
at h
e ha
d se
en o
ne o
f th
ehi
gh s
choo
l boy
s ta
king
thre
e of
his
you
nger
bro
ther
s th
ere
to p
lay,
obvi
ousl
y pr
oud
of th
e pl
aygr
ound
.T
he s
tude
nt d
esig
n co
mm
ittee
met
on
May
3, a
nd in
a tw
o-an
d-on
e-
17
half
hou
r se
ssio
n co
mpl
eted
the
plan
and
des
ign
for
the
Cop
elan
dSc
hool
pla
ygro
und.
At t
he m
eetin
g, R
ober
t Gar
cias
, a s
taff
mem
ber
from
the
Cop
elan
dSc
hool
Chi
ld D
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r, p
rovi
ded
the
dim
ensi
ons
of th
eav
aila
ble
area
. Bla
ckbo
ards
and
larg
e sk
etch
pad
s w
ere
used
to s
ketc
hde
sign
s an
d lis
t the
tool
s an
d m
ater
ials
nec
essa
ry to
bui
ld e
ach
peic
e of
equi
pmen
t.
The
maj
or p
iece
s of
pla
y eq
uipm
ent d
esig
ned
wer
e:
1.T
unne
l Str
uctu
re: T
hree
leng
ths
or c
ondu
it se
par-
ated
by
woo
d pl
atfo
rms,
cov
ered
with
loam
hel
dby
sta
gger
ed le
ngth
s of
tele
phon
e po
les.
2.Pl
atfo
rm S
truc
ture
: Thr
ee in
terc
onne
cted
6' s
quar
epl
atfo
rms,
4',
3' a
nd 2
' hig
h, w
ith ti
re c
limbe
rs,
a sl
ide
and
gang
plan
ks.
3.Sp
ool S
truc
ture
: Tw
o la
rge
cabl
e sp
ools
sur
roun
ded
by 2
x 4
enc
losu
res,
join
ed to
the
3' p
latf
orm
with
a ga
ngpl
ank
at th
e op
posi
te e
nd.
4.Po
le a
nd T
ire
Stru
ctur
e: C
ar ti
res
stru
ng h
oriz
onta
l-ly
fro
m te
leph
one
pole
s w
ith la
rge
truc
k tir
esst
rung
ver
tical
ly b
etw
een
for
clim
bing
and
cra
wlin
g.T
here
wou
ld b
e st
airs
up
one
pole
and
a,s
lide
atth
e ot
her
end.
5.T
ire
Res
ilien
cy W
alk:
Tir
es o
f va
ryin
g si
zes
and
resi
lienc
y im
bedd
ed in
the
grou
nd w
ith a
fol
low
ing
hand
rai
l.6.
Sand
box:
Mad
e 15
' squ
are
conn
ecte
din
Lin
coln
log
fash
ion
and
benc
hes
mou
nted
on
the
side
s.
with
t el
epho
ne p
oles
Oth
er a
ltern
ate
desi
gns
incl
uded
a ti
re a
nd c
argo
net
clim
ber,
par
kbe
nche
s, a
bic
ycle
wav
and
a b
lack
boar
d w
all.
Bob
Gar
cias
was
ask
ed a
bout
the
fenc
e th
at e
nclo
sed
the
blac
ktop
play
are
a be
hind
the
scho
ol. H
e sa
id th
at th
e fe
nce
wou
ld b
e m
oved
back
to e
ncom
pass
the
new
pla
ygro
und
but a
ssur
ed th
e st
uden
ts th
atits
pur
pose
wou
ld b
e to
kee
p th
e sm
all C
opel
and
Scho
ol c
hild
ren
in a
ndno
t to
keep
the
neig
hbor
hood
chi
ldre
n ou
t.C
oncl
udin
g th
e sk
ull s
essi
on, T
erry
D'E
ugen
io s
aid
that
he
and
Ron
Bar
ber
wou
ld m
ake
smal
l sca
le m
odel
s of
all
the
fina
l des
igns
so
that
the
stud
ents
cou
ld a
ppro
ve th
em a
nd a
rran
ge th
em in
the
play
are
a pl
an.
TH
E C
OPE
LA
ND
SC
HO
OL
CO
NST
RU
CT
ION
"A li
ttle
wor
k, a
littl
e pl
ay,
To
keep
us
goin
g an
d so
,go
od-c
lay!
" Geo
rge
Lou
is P
alni
ella
Bus
son
Du
Mau
rier
It h
ad b
een
a co
ld, m
iser
able
spr
ing
so f
ar; t
he li
lacs
and
man
y of
the
earl
y fl
ower
s ha
dn't
both
ered
to b
loss
om y
et. B
ut F
rida
y, M
ay 1
4,fi
nally
era
sed
the
linge
ring
mem
ory
of w
inte
r. T
he d
ay w
as s
unny
and
hot
alm
ost s
ultr
y.B
ecau
se o
f th
e ex
tens
ive
pre-
plan
ning
and
logi
stic
s w
ork
done
by
Ron
Bar
ber,
Ter
ry D
'Eug
enio
and
Fra
n D
anis
of
the
Chi
ld D
evel
op-
men
t Cen
ter,
eve
ryth
ing
was
rea
dy to
go
whe
n th
e st
uden
t mot
orca
depu
lled
up in
fro
nt o
f th
e C
opel
and
Scho
ol a
t 8:3
0 th
at m
orni
ng.
Ron
Bar
ber
and
Cha
rles
Row
e, p
lann
er f
or O
CPC
, had
sta
ked
the
area
, def
inin
g th
e bo
unda
ries
of
each
pie
ce o
f eq
uipm
ent,
and
a po
st-
hole
dig
ger
prov
ided
by
the
Bro
ckto
n E
diso
n ha
d du
g al
l the
nec
essa
ryho
les
in th
e ro
cky
grou
nd. A
load
of
sand
and
loam
had
bee
n de
liver
edan
d m
ore
wou
ld f
ollo
w la
ter
in th
e da
y.T
he to
ols
and
equi
pmen
t pro
vide
d by
the
cust
odia
n of
Cop
elan
dSc
hool
AE
E a
nd th
e B
rock
ton
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ent a
nd W
ater
Dep
artm
ent w
ere
on h
and
and
scal
e m
odel
s of
eac
h pl
ay s
truc
ture
wer
epl
aced
at t
heir
des
igna
ted
loca
tions
to b
e us
ed a
s co
nstr
uctio
n gu
ides
.B
y no
w, t
he th
irty
-one
stu
dent
vol
unte
ers
wer
e ex
peri
ence
d in
the
cons
truc
tion
tech
niqu
es a
nd h
ad b
een
invo
lved
in th
e de
taile
dde
sign
ing
of th
e pl
ay s
truc
ture
s. T
he w
ork
wen
t qui
ckly
. The
y w
orke
din
team
s lu
ggin
g m
assi
ve te
leph
one
pole
s, s
hove
ling
loam
ove
r th
etu
nnel
, dri
lling
tire
s, s
awin
g w
ood,
cut
ting
pole
s, p
ound
ing
nails
and
varn
ishi
ng w
ood
surf
aces
.It
was
app
aren
t at o
nce
that
this
tim
e th
e st
uden
ts w
ere
mor
ekn
owle
dgea
ble
and
conf
iden
t. T
hey
mad
e th
eir
own
cons
truc
tion
sugg
estio
ns a
nd im
prov
ised
des
ign
chan
ges.
The
y sp
oke
easi
ly a
nd w
ithas
sura
nce
tocu
riou
s vi
sito
rsfr
om th
e ne
ighb
orho
od, t
he S
choo
lD
epar
tmen
t and
the
loca
l new
spap
ers.
How
ever
, onc
e ag
ain,
it w
as n
ot a
ll dr
udge
ry -
ther
e w
as s
till t
ime
for
fun.
The
re w
as th
e bl
are
of p
orta
ble
radi
os, s
oda
runs
, san
d sl
ingi
ngan
d go
od-n
atur
ed "
hors
e pl
ay".
It w
as a
goo
d da
y. W
hen
it w
asov
er, e
very
one
was
sur
pris
ed th
at th
e jo
b ha
d be
en n
earl
y co
mpl
eted
insu
ch a
sho
rt ti
me
span
.
The
y ha
d co
mpl
eted
, acc
ordi
ng to
thei
r pl
an:
1.T
he tu
nnel
str
uctu
rePl
atfo
rm s
truc
ture
3.Sp
ool s
truc
ture
4.T
he ti
re r
esili
ency
wal
k5.
The
san
dbox
Onl
y th
e po
le a
nd th
e st
ruct
ure
rem
aine
d to
be
Fini
shed
and
its
com
plet
ion
was
sch
edul
ed f
or a
late
r da
te.
The
You
th C
harr
ette
had
bee
n an
exh
ilara
ting
expe
rien
ce f
or th
ose
who
wor
ked
on th
e pr
ojec
t.It
had
wip
ed o
ut th
e di
sapp
oint
ing
mem
ory
of th
e "l
ong
win
ter"
of
Cha
rret
te I
I. W
ith s
piri
ts r
aise
d, b
uttim
e ra
pidl
y ru
nnin
g ou
t, th
e pr
ojec
t sta
ff d
ecid
ed to
mak
e on
e la
st-
ditc
h ef
fort
dir
ecte
d at
Cha
rret
te
2.
PLA
N F
OR
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PE
LAN
D S
CH
OO
L P
LAY
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OU
ND
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OC
KT
ON
, MA
SS.
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E V
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LKE
R--
4
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ES
AR
ES
UB
ME
RG
ED
DIA
BE
LOW
GR
OU
ND
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E 3
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E C
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EN
DIN
G
"Pas
s m
e th
e ca
n, la
d; th
ere'
s an
end
of M
ay.-
Hou
sman
"Las
t Poe
ms'
'
The
fin
al e
ffor
tto
elic
it en
ough
sup
port
fro
m th
e m
embe
rs o
fC
harr
ette
II
to a
ctua
lly c
onst
ruct
the
play
grou
nd th
at th
ey h
ad p
lann
edan
d de
sign
ed w
as, o
nce
agai
n, a
fai
lure
. A c
onst
ruct
ion
mee
ting
was
sche
dule
d fo
r th
e ev
enin
g of
May
26;
onl
y tw
o ch
arre
tte m
embe
rsat
tend
ed. T
he s
choo
l Yea
r w
as d
raw
ing
to a
elo
Se a
nd n
o m
ore
fiel
dtr
ips
wer
e al
low
ed f
or th
e la
st f
ew d
ays
of d
ass,
s at
Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
ol: t
he s
tude
nts
coul
d no
t bui
ld th
e pl
aygr
ound
for
the
Nor
th'W
arre
n co
mm
unity
. The
dis
appo
inte
d pr
ojec
t sta
ff r
eluc
tant
ly c
ance
lled
the
cons
truc
tion
of C
hztr
rette
II's
pla
ygro
und.
In th
e fi
nal d
ays
of th
e pr
ojec
t, th
e st
aff
dire
cted
its
effo
rts
tow
ard
the
futu
re. M
eetin
gs W
ere
held
With
the
adm
inis
trat
ion
of th
e B
rock
ton
Y.M
.C.A
. to
inte
rest
them
in c
ontin
uing
the
expe
rim
ent i
n co
mm
unity
plan
ned
and
cons
truc
ted
play
grou
nds.
Als
o, a
ssis
tanc
e w
as o
ffer
ed to
the
Sout
heas
tern
Reg
iona
l pla
nnin
g of
fice
whi
ch w
as u
nder
taki
ng a
play
grou
nd p
roje
ct in
the
New
Bed
ford
-Fal
l Riv
er a
rea.
The
pro
ject
wri
ter
prep
ared
an
appl
icat
ion
for
fisc
al y
ear
1971
-72
to th
e D
epar
tmen
tof
Hea
lth, E
duca
tion
and
Wel
fare
for
a s
mal
l gra
nt to
intr
oduc
e th
epr
ojec
t's c
once
pt to
oth
er M
assa
chus
etts
com
mun
ities
.In
Jun
e 19
71 th
e ex
peri
men
t in
citiz
en p
artic
ipat
ion
in th
e pl
anni
ng,
desi
gn a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
of p
layg
roun
ds e
nded
in B
rock
ton,
Mas
sach
uset
ts.
Hop
eful
ly, w
hat w
as s
tart
ed th
ere
will
con
tinue
, and
wha
t was
lear
ned
ther
e w
ill p
rove
of
valu
e to
oth
er c
omm
uniti
es w
illin
g to
und
erta
ke th
ech
alle
nge
of th
is e
xper
imen
t.
19
31.;.
4401 I
07,41,s
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III.
Sum
mar
yan
dC
ritiq
ue
SUM
MA
RY
AN
D C
RIT
IQU
E
"l'u
t, tu
t,sa
id th
e D
uche
ss.
"Eve
ryth
ing'
s go
t a m
oral
if o
nly
you
can
find
it."
Lew
is C
arro
ll"A
lice'
s .A
dven
ture
s in
Won
derl
and"
In th
e or
igin
al a
pplic
atio
n su
bmitt
ed f
or f
eder
al f
undi
ng, t
he in
tent
of
the
proj
ect w
as s
tate
d in
term
s of
fou
rtee
n ob
ject
ives
. The
se o
bjec
tives
coul
d be
con
dens
ed in
to o
ne s
impl
ifie
d st
atem
ent o
f in
tent
: To
invo
lve
the
adul
ts a
nd y
outh
of
Bro
ckto
n w
ith p
lann
ing
and
recr
eatio
npr
o-fe
ssio
nals
in th
e pl
anni
ng a
nd d
esig
n of
pos
sibl
y th
ree
inno
vativ
epl
aygr
ound
s in
the
inne
r-ci
ty. A
fter
the
proj
ect h
ad b
egun
, the
goa
lof
con
stru
ctio
n w
as a
dded
to th
e lis
t.A
ppro
xim
atel
y 15
0 la
y ci
tizen
s, m
ost o
f th
em y
oung
, and
thir
typr
ofes
sion
als
wer
e in
volv
ed in
the
proj
ect.
Tw
o co
mpl
ete
play
grou
nds
cont
aini
ng in
nova
tive
uses
of
old
tires
, dis
card
ed te
leph
one
pole
s an
dco
ndui
t pip
e w
ere
plan
ned
and
desi
gned
. Dep
ite th
e fa
ct th
at th
e H
UD
gran
t did
not
pro
vide
fun
ds f
or c
onst
ruct
ion,
two
play
grou
nds
wer
ebu
ilt u
sing
pri
mar
ily d
onat
ed m
ater
ials
and
vol
unte
er, c
omm
unity
labo
r Fo
rces
in th
e in
ner-
city
of
Bro
ckto
n.D
espi
te th
e Fr
ustr
atio
ns, d
isap
poin
tmen
ts a
nd d
oubt
s in
curr
ed in
the
cour
se o
f a
year
, the
pro
ject
did
suc
cess
fully
ful
fill
the
inte
nt a
ndob
ject
ives
spe
cifi
ed in
the
appl
icat
ion
for
fund
ing,
and
, in
fact
, exp
ande
dup
on it
with
act
ual c
onst
ruct
ion.
Now
that
it is
ove
r, it
is e
asie
r to
be
mor
e re
flec
tive
and
obje
ctiv
e.N
ovic
es s
houl
d be
cau
tione
d ab
out t
heir
fir
st e
xper
ienc
es in
com
-m
unity
org
aniz
atio
n an
d ci
tizen
par
ticip
atio
n. T
he c
atch
-phr
ase
"citi
zen
part
icip
atio
n" h
as s
uch
an in
noce
nt, m
othe
r-an
d-ap
ple
pie
flav
or to
it.
Gui
delin
es f
rom
HU
D, p
lann
ing
jour
nal a
rtic
les
and
wel
l-m
eani
ngle
ctur
ers
on th
e lu
nche
on c
ircu
it sp
eak
of th
e vi
rtue
s of
citi
zen
part
icip
a-tio
n an
d de
man
d its
inco
rpor
atio
n in
to th
e go
vern
men
tal s
truc
ture
. But
no o
ne c
autio
ns a
bout
its
pitf
alls
and
dis
appo
intm
ents
. No
one
war
nsth
e st
arry
-eye
d id
ealis
ts th
at "
the
road
less
trav
elle
d by
" is
a r
ough
and
trea
cher
ous
one.
It is
not
that
the
road
sho
uld
be a
void
ed. B
ut th
e pl
anne
r sh
ould
be
fore
war
ned
to p
roce
ed s
low
ly, b
race
for
the
bum
ps a
nd h
ave
guid
elin
esfo
r re
pair
ing
punc
ture
d ho
pes
and
drea
ms.
22
The
tech
niqu
e th
is p
roje
ct u
tiliz
ed to
impl
emen
t citi
zen
part
icip
atio
nis
the
"cha
rret
te p
roce
ss".
It i
s no
t an
entir
ely
new
tech
niqu
e. S
impl
y,it'
s a
team
of
prof
essi
onal
s an
d la
ymen
wor
king
toge
ther
.M
any
idea
s an
d gu
idel
ines
gle
aned
fro
m p
rior
eff
orts
, suc
h as
the
Bal
timor
e H
igh
Scho
ol c
harr
ette
whi
ch p
lann
ed a
larg
e ur
ban
high
scho
ol, w
ere
inco
rpor
ated
into
the
plan
ning
and
exe
cutio
n of
this
Bro
ckto
n pl
aygr
ound
pro
ject
, but
the
conc
ept w
as e
xpan
ded
in B
rock
ton
to in
clud
e ex
peri
men
tatio
n in
citi
zen
part
icip
atio
n th
at b
road
ens
the
char
rette
con
cept
.A
lthou
gh o
ther
cha
rret
te e
xper
imen
ts h
ave
perh
aps
deal
t with
mor
eex
pans
ive
prob
lem
s th
an p
layg
roun
ds, s
uch
as m
aste
r pl
ans,
urb
anre
new
al a
nd n
ew h
igh
scho
ols,
thei
r in
volv
emen
t with
the
com
mun
ityne
ver
reac
hed
to th
e st
age
of h
avin
g th
e co
mm
unity
acc
ompl
ish
the
tech
nica
l des
ign
and
actu
al c
onst
ruct
ion
of th
e pr
ojec
t pla
nned
.T
o be
sur
e, a
com
mun
ity c
anno
t be
expe
cted
to d
esig
n an
d bu
ild a
new
hig
h sc
hool
with
the
ease
of
cond
uctin
g an
old
fas
hion
ed b
arn
rais
ing,
as
it ca
n a
play
grou
nd m
ade
of s
crap
lum
ber
and
tele
phon
epo
les.
Peo
ple
invo
lved
in th
e B
rock
ton
proj
ect p
lann
ed a
pla
ygro
und
acco
rdin
g to
thei
r ow
n re
crea
tiona
l and
edu
catio
nal c
rite
ria,
des
igne
dth
e pl
ay e
quip
men
t and
bro
ught
it to
a r
ealit
y. D
urin
g th
ese
plan
ning
,de
sign
and
cons
truc
tion
phas
es, t
hey
wer
e as
sist
ed b
y a
mul
ti-di
scip
linar
y te
am o
f co
mm
unity
act
ion
cons
ulta
nts
and
plan
ning
pro
-fe
ssio
nals
.It
isfe
ltth
at th
roug
h th
is a
ppro
ach
and
use
of th
ese
tech
niqu
es, h
ighe
r co
mm
unity
par
ticip
atio
n pr
iori
ties
such
as
hous
ing,
educ
atio
n an
d so
cial
pro
blem
s co
uld
be d
ealt
with
mor
e ef
fect
ivel
y.H
ow th
is c
once
ptio
n of
the
char
rette
pro
cess
was
impl
emen
ted
inB
rock
ton
has
been
des
crib
ed in
the
acco
unts
of
the
thre
e ch
arre
ttes
earl
ier
in th
is r
epor
t. T
o ev
alua
te th
e su
cces
ses
and
failu
res
of th
isco
ncep
t's a
pplic
atio
n, th
ey m
ust b
e ex
amin
ed s
epar
atel
y.
Cha
rret
te I
The
Eas
t Sid
e
In th
e fi
rst c
harr
ette
the
educ
atio
nal e
xper
ienc
e le
arne
d fr
om th
ech
arre
tte p
roce
ss w
as r
ewar
ding
for
bot
h th
e la
ymen
and
pro
fess
iona
lspa
rtic
ular
ly th
e pr
ojec
t sta
ff.
The
cha
rret
te -
conc
ept w
as n
ew to
bot
h si
des
of th
e ta
ble
as th
epr
ojec
t beg
an. T
he d
esig
n an
d re
crea
tion
expe
rts
pass
ed o
n to
the
com
mun
ity th
eir
insi
ghts
and
exp
erie
nce
and
the
Eas
t Sid
e co
mm
unity
,in
turn
, edu
cate
d th
e pr
ofes
sion
als
abou
t the
ir n
eeds
, fea
rs, a
ttitu
des
and
thei
r w
illin
gnes
s to
invo
lve
them
selv
es in
com
mun
ity d
evel
opm
ent
effo
rts.
Bot
h si
des
dem
onst
rate
d sh
ortc
omin
gs a
nd f
ailin
gs. T
he e
xper
ts h
ad a
tend
ency
to o
verw
helm
the
com
mun
ity w
ith th
eir
soph
istic
atio
n. W
hen
mee
tings
lost
thei
r di
rect
ion,
the
expe
rts
foun
d it
hard
to r
esis
t tak
ing
over
and
telli
ng th
e co
mm
unity
wha
t it s
houl
d do
. At t
imes
it a
ppea
red
that
onl
y D
r. L
eitm
an h
ad th
e pa
tienc
e to
wai
t for
the
com
mun
ity to
tell
him
wha
t MO
, wan
ted
to d
o. P
erha
ps a
str
onge
r di
rect
ive
forc
e, a
pers
on tr
aine
d in
gro
up d
ynam
ics,
cou
ld h
ave
avoi
ded
the
mea
nder
ing
dial
ogue
that
cre
ated
thes
e di
ffic
ultie
s.T
he E
ast S
ide
com
mun
ity a
lso
cont
ribu
ted
its s
hare
of
shor
tcom
ings
.D
espi
te a
hea
vy p
ublic
ity c
ampa
ign
adve
rtis
ing
the
gene
ral m
eetin
g,fe
wer
than
twen
ty a
dults
sho
wed
eno
ugh
inte
rest
to a
ttend
.A
t the
con
stru
ctio
n of
the
"vis
ible
str
uctu
re"
on N
ovem
ber
II
, the
smal
l chi
ldre
n pa
rtic
ipat
ed w
ith f
rant
ic e
nthu
sias
m, b
ut th
e pa
rent
sst
ayed
aw
ay.
In s
pite
of
thes
e oc
casi
onal
set
-bac
ks, t
he f
irst
cha
rret
te w
as, o
n th
ew
hole
, a s
ucce
ssfu
l ven
ture
. For
onc
e th
e pr
ofes
sion
als
wer
e gi
ven
anop
port
unity
to m
eet t
he p
eopl
e. T
he m
eetin
gs w
ere
unst
ruct
ured
so
they
wou
ld b
e no
n-di
rect
ive
and
enco
urag
e a
free
exc
hang
e of
idea
s.T
he r
appo
rt b
etw
een
both
fac
tions
was
alw
ays
harm
onio
us a
nd f
rien
dly.
As
a re
sult
of a
goo
d re
latio
nshi
p th
e pr
ojec
t was
ada
pted
whe
n it
beca
me
evid
ent t
hat t
he c
omm
unity
was
tire
d of
"st
udy"
pro
ject
s, a
nda
play
grou
nd f
or th
e E
ast S
ide
was
not
onl
y pl
anne
d an
d de
sign
ed, b
utw
as c
onst
ruct
ed w
ith c
omm
unity
labo
r an
d an
ass
ist f
rom
the
yout
h of
Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
ol.
Cha
rret
te I
IN
orth
War
ren
Ave
nue
The
sec
ond
char
rette
nev
er r
eally
see
med
to g
et o
ff th
e gr
ound
. The
gene
ral m
eetin
g, a
gain
wel
l pub
liciz
ed, a
ttrac
ted
only
nin
e m
embe
rs o
fth
e N
orth
War
ren
com
mun
ity. M
uch
of th
e fl
yer
dist
ribu
tion
had
been
aim
ed a
t inv
olvi
ng th
e Pu
erto
Ric
an f
amili
es in
the
area
, but
this
supp
ort w
as n
ever
rea
lized
.B
ecau
se o
f th
e fe
ar th
at th
e pr
ofes
sion
als
and
thei
r nu
mbe
rs h
ad a
ttim
es in
hibi
ted
the
flow
of
disc
ussi
on in
Cha
rret
te I
, the
ir v
isib
ility
was
dec
reas
ed in
the
mee
tings
of
Cha
rret
te I
I.Si
lent
com
mun
itym
embe
rs a
ppea
red
to f
eel i
nsec
ure
and
infe
rior
bec
ause
of
thei
r la
ckof
kno
wle
dge
and
adop
ted
a "w
hate
ver
you
prof
essi
onal
s th
ink
is b
est
for
us"
attit
ude.
A p
layg
roun
d to
be
loca
ted
at P
arm
ente
r fi
eld
was
pla
nned
and
desi
gned
, pri
mar
ily b
y th
e hi
gh s
choo
l mem
bers
of
Cha
rret
te I
I, b
utbe
caus
e of
the
gene
ral u
nres
pons
iven
ess
of th
e co
mm
unity
all
plan
s fo
rco
nstr
uctio
n w
ere
tabl
ed -
inde
fini
tely
.
23
Cha
rret
te I
IIY
outh
Bec
ause
the
high
sch
ool m
embe
rs o
f C
harr
ette
II
had
cont
ribu
ted
muc
h m
ore
than
the
adul
ts to
war
d th
e pl
anni
ng a
nd d
esig
n of
the
Nor
thW
arre
n A
venu
e pl
ay a
rea
and
beca
use
of th
e re
sulta
nt d
isco
urag
emen
tw
ith th
e ad
ult i
nvol
vem
ent,
the
staf
f de
cide
d to
mak
e a
dram
atic
shi
ftin
the
proj
ect p
lan
by m
akin
g th
e th
ird
atte
mpt
a Y
outh
Cha
rret
te.
In te
rms
of a
ccom
plis
hmen
t and
the
satis
fact
ion
affo
rded
the
staf
fan
d st
eeri
ng c
omm
ittee
, the
You
th C
harr
ette
was
the
mos
t suc
cess
ful
of a
ll. E
ven
in th
e ve
ry b
egin
ning
the
resp
onse
of
the
yout
h w
asin
fect
ious
. Aft
er a
pre
sent
atio
n of
the
proj
ect t
o fo
ur h
igh
scho
olcl
asse
s, s
ixty
-thr
ee s
tude
nts
volu
ntee
red
to h
elp
com
plet
e th
e Pl
ymou
thSt
reet
pla
ygro
und
begu
n ea
rlie
r by
Cha
rret
te I
.N
atur
ally
, the
re w
as s
onic
dis
cour
agem
ent d
urin
g th
e ea
rly
mee
tings
whe
n th
ose
sche
dule
d fo
r no
n-sc
hool
hou
rs w
ere
poor
ly a
ttend
ed a
ndth
e st
uden
ts r
emai
ned
tight
-lip
ped
and
relu
ctan
t to
expr
ess
them
selv
es,
just
as
thei
r "p
aren
ts"
had
been
. But
the
scho
ol o
ffic
ials
wer
e co
oper
ativ
ean
d m
eetin
gs a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
date
s w
ere
sche
dule
d du
ring
sch
ool
hour
s. T
he s
tude
nts
beca
me
muc
h m
ore
voca
l abo
ut th
eir
poin
ts o
fvi
ew w
hen
the
actu
al c
harr
ette
mee
tings
beg
an.
The
re w
as a
spi
ritu
al le
tdow
n su
ffer
ed b
y th
e pr
ojec
t sta
ff f
ollo
win
gth
e di
sord
er a
tth
ehi
gh s
choo
l and
the
subs
eque
nt te
nsio
n an
dde
mon
stra
tions
, but
eve
n th
is w
as a
llaye
d by
the
stan
ding
ova
tion
give
n by
bla
ck a
nd w
hite
stu
dent
s fo
llow
ing
the
show
ing
of th
e Pl
ymou
thSt
reet
pla
ygro
und
cons
truc
tion
slid
es a
t one
of
the
tens
ion-
easi
ng "
rap"
sess
ions
.T
he s
tude
nts'
acc
ompl
ishm
ents
wer
e gr
eat.
Aft
er tw
o da
ys o
f as
sist
-an
ce in
fin
ishi
ng th
e Pl
ymou
th S
tree
t pla
ygro
und
they
wen
t on
topl
an, d
esig
n an
d co
nstr
uct t
heir
"ow
n" p
layg
roun
d at
the
Cop
elan
dSc
hool
. The
y vo
lunt
eere
d to
ass
ist i
n th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
Cha
rret
te I
I'spl
aygr
ound
in th
e N
orth
War
ren
area
eve
n th
ough
that
pro
ject
was
fina
lly c
ut s
hort
by
lack
of
time
and
inte
rest
on
the
part
of
the
Cha
rret
teII
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d.It
was
a g
reat
dem
onst
ratio
n th
at th
e hi
gh s
choo
l you
ths
are
mor
e th
an w
illin
g to
invo
lve
them
selv
es in
wor
thw
hile
com
mun
itypr
ojec
ts if
giv
en th
e ch
ance
. Hop
eful
ly, t
hey
will
be
give
nm
ore
chan
ces
in th
e fu
ture
.Fi
nally
, no
sum
mar
y w
ould
be
com
plet
e w
ithou
t sin
glin
g ou
t for
spec
ial p
rais
e B
ill B
urge
s of
the
Hig
h Sc
hool
Sci
ence
Dep
artm
ent.
He
turn
ed th
e ke
y to
ope
n th
e pr
ojec
t up
to y
outh
; his
rap
port
with
the
kids
"tu
rned
them
on"
to th
e ch
arre
tte c
once
pt. P
erha
psm
ore
thar
any
othe
r in
divi
dual
he
mad
e it
poss
ible
.
Con
clus
ions
and
Rec
omm
enda
tions
Citi
zen
part
icip
atio
nus
ing
the
char
rette
pro
cess
in c
omm
unity
deve
lopm
ent e
ffor
ts s
uch
as th
e pl
anni
ng, d
esig
n an
d co
nstr
uctio
n of
play
grou
nds
is in
deed
a w
orth
whi
le e
ndea
vor.
In
toda
y's
clim
ate
ofgr
owin
g al
iena
tion
to g
over
nmen
t pro
ject
s,it
may
eve
n be
com
e a
nece
ssity
.In
the
proc
ess
of o
rgan
izin
g an
d em
ploy
ing
citiz
en p
artic
ipat
ion
in th
is p
roje
ct, i
t was
lear
ned
that
it is
bet
ter
to s
eek
out t
hose
citi
zens
in c
ity n
eigh
borh
oods
who
hav
e al
read
y de
mon
stra
ted
an in
volv
emen
t in
com
mun
ity a
ffai
rs a
nd e
stab
lishe
d a
pow
er b
ase
in th
e co
mm
unity
.T
he c
itize
n w
ho h
as to
be
cont
inua
lly c
ajol
ed in
to a
ttend
ing
mee
tings
and
prod
ded
into
con
trib
utin
g w
ill r
arel
y be
a p
rodu
ctiv
e as
set t
o th
epr
oces
s. W
ithou
t a n
ucle
us o
f in
volv
ed c
omm
unity
mem
bers
, the
char
rette
nev
er tr
uly
spea
ks f
or o
r re
pres
ents
the
com
mun
ity a
s a
who
le.
Kno
wle
dgea
ble
and
wel
l-pr
epar
ed p
layg
roun
d co
nsul
tant
s eq
uipp
edw
ith a
n ab
unda
nce
of g
raph
ic d
ispl
ays
are
nece
ssar
y ea
rly
in th
e m
eetin
gph
ase
of th
e pr
ojec
t to
educ
ate
the
com
mun
ity to
the
bene
fits
of
inno
vativ
e de
sign
usi
ng a
vaila
ble
nativ
e m
ater
ials
in lo
w-C
ost c
onst
ruct
ion.
Peop
le a
re ti
red
of a
nd f
rust
rate
d by
the
cont
inuu
m o
f go
vern
men
tal
"stu
dy"
proj
ects
. To
gain
thei
r in
tere
st a
nd in
volv
emen
t in
a pr
ojec
t,so
met
hing
con
cret
e an
d ta
ngib
le m
ust b
e of
fere
d so
that
thei
r ef
fort
sar
e no
t vie
wed
as
anot
her
go-a
roun
d fu
tility
. If
play
grou
nds
are
to b
est
udie
d an
d pl
anne
d th
en p
layg
roun
ds m
ust b
e bu
ilt. P
erha
ps p
art o
fth
e ap
athy
of
Cha
rret
te I
I re
sulte
d fr
om th
e di
ffic
ulty
of
seei
ng a
cons
truc
tion
in M
ay a
t a m
eetin
g ta
ble
in D
ecem
ber.
The
mee
tings
sho
uld
be h
eld
in a
fix
ed ti
me
peri
od, a
nd d
urin
g th
em
eetin
gs th
e co
mm
unity
sho
uld
be a
llow
ed th
e tim
e to
fin
d th
eir
own
way
and
mak
e th
eir
own
mis
take
s. T
he p
rofe
ssio
nals
sho
uld
be c
aref
ulno
t to
over
whe
lm o
r in
timid
ate
the
com
mun
ity b
y w
eigh
t of
num
bers
or b
y do
min
atin
g th
e ex
chan
ge o
f id
eas
and
opin
ions
. The
con
stru
ctio
nph
ase
shou
ld f
ollo
w th
e m
eetin
g ph
ase
with
as
little
tim
e la
gas
ispr
actic
ally
pos
sibl
e.T
he d
ecis
ion
as to
whe
ther
to o
rgan
ize
a yo
uth
char
rette
or
an a
dult
char
rette
dep
ends
upo
n th
e pa
rtic
ular
end
s th
atar
e so
ught
. The
adu
ltch
arre
tte d
raw
n fr
om th
e co
mm
unity
whe
re th
e pl
ayar
ea w
ill b
elo
cate
d as
sure
s th
e be
st p
ossi
ble
clim
ate
for
acce
ptan
ce f
or th
e pl
ay-
grou
nd. T
his
sele
ctio
n of
a y
outh
cha
rret
te a
ffor
ds th
e st
uden
tsa
com
mun
ity d
evel
opm
ent a
nd in
volv
emen
t exp
erie
nce
not a
vaila
ble
toth
em in
the
conf
ines
of
thei
r ow
n hi
gh s
choo
l cla
sses
. The
you
th a
lso
are
a m
ore
mob
ile a
nd d
epen
dabl
e la
bor
forc
e th
at c
an g
uara
ntee
rap
idan
d ex
tens
ive
cons
truc
tion
com
plet
ion.
24
Con
stru
ctio
n its
elf
is th
e m
ost r
ewar
ding
exp
erie
nce
offe
red
by th
ese
proj
ects
. With
the
city
dep
artm
ent a
nd p
riva
te c
ompa
nies
pro
vidi
ngm
ater
ials
, the
adu
lts a
nd c
hild
ren
of th
e ne
ighb
orho
od p
rovi
ding
the
mus
cle
and
the
cons
ulta
nts
supp
lyin
g th
e sk
ill, t
he g
oodw
ill e
ngen
dere
dby
wor
king
toge
ther
for
com
mun
ity b
ette
rmen
t, re
min
isce
nt o
f ol
d-tim
e ba
rn r
aisi
ngs,
is p
erha
ps th
e m
ost v
alua
ble
spin
-off
of
the
proj
ect.
But
con
stru
ctio
n is
onl
y a
begi
nnin
g. T
he p
roje
ct s
taff
and
con
-su
ltant
s se
rve
as a
mid
wif
e as
sist
ing
the
com
mun
ity to
giv
e bi
rth
to a
play
grou
nd, b
ut e
ven
the
best
des
igne
d an
d co
nstr
ucte
d pl
aygr
otm
d %
vill
fall
into
dis
repa
ir if
the
com
mun
ity d
oes
not a
ssum
e th
e re
spon
sibi
lity
for
its m
aint
enan
ce a
nd s
uper
visi
on. T
he P
lym
outh
Str
eet p
layg
roun
dw
ill b
e m
aint
aine
d by
the
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ent a
nd w
ill b
e st
affe
dw
ith p
layg
roun
d co
unse
llors
in th
e su
mm
er m
onth
s. T
he C
hild
Dev
elop
-m
ent s
taff
at t
he C
opel
and
Scho
ol w
ill m
aint
ain
the
play
grou
nd b
uilt
on th
eir
land
and
sup
ervi
se th
e pl
ay o
f th
eir
stud
ents
. The
y ha
veal
read
y pl
anne
d an
exp
ansi
on o
f th
e pl
ay f
acili
ties.
Ron
Bar
ber
has
orga
nize
d sm
all c
omm
unity
wor
k de
tails
to c
lean
up
the
two
play
site
s an
d pa
int t
he s
truc
ture
s. I
tis
hop
ed th
at th
e co
mm
uniti
es w
illco
ntin
ue th
ese
effo
rts
afte
r th
e co
nclu
sion
of
this
pro
ject
.Fo
r th
e fu
ture
in B
rock
ton,
it h
as b
een
prop
osed
to S
elf
-hel
p an
dth
e Y
.M.C
.A. t
hat t
hey
cont
inue
the
plan
ning
and
con
stru
ctio
n of
inno
vativ
e pl
ay a
reas
in th
e in
ner-
city
usi
ng a
dult
and/
or y
outh
par
tici-
patio
n. I
t has
als
o be
en r
ecom
men
ded
that
a c
ours
e on
pla
ygro
und
cons
truc
tion,
taug
ht b
y th
e st
aff
of th
e A
dvis
ory
for
Edu
catio
nal
Env
iron
men
ts, b
e in
corp
orat
ed in
to th
e cu
rric
ulum
of
Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
ol, s
o th
at a
you
th c
adre
can
be
form
ed to
bui
ld p
layg
roun
ds in
Bro
ckto
n an
d in
trod
uce
the
proj
ect's
con
cept
s to
thei
r pe
ers
in th
esu
rrou
ndin
g ar
ea's
hig
h sc
hool
s.B
ecau
se o
f th
e pu
blic
ity f
low
ing
from
the
Bro
ckto
n ex
peri
men
t,ot
her
com
mun
ities
and
inst
itutio
ns r
eque
sted
info
rmat
ion
and
assi
stan
cein
beg
inni
ng s
imila
r pr
ojec
ts. A
sam
plin
g in
clud
es:
Bos
ton
Scho
ol F
or T
he D
eaf
Tee
n C
ente
rB
oost
er C
lub
Hap
py H
ollo
w S
choo
lY
.M.C
.A.
Sout
h C
ongr
egat
iona
l Chu
rch
New
.Bed
ford
Pla
nnin
g O
ffic
ePe
rkin
s St
. Com
mun
ity G
roup
Scho
ol D
epar
tmen
tC
opel
and
Scho
ol P
aren
ts A
ssoc
.
Ran
dolp
h, M
ass.
Nor
th E
asto
n, M
ass.
Ran
dolp
h, M
ass.
Way
land
, Mas
s.B
rock
ton,
Mas
s.B
rock
ton,
Mas
s.N
ew B
edfo
rd, M
ass.
Bro
ckto
n, M
ass.
Tau
nton
, Mas
s.B
rock
ton,
Mas
s.
The
se a
nd o
ther
gro
ups
coul
d on
ly b
e gi
ven
min
imal
ass
ista
nce
beca
use
of s
taff
ing
and
time
limita
tions
. Tho
se c
omm
uniti
es in
clud
ed in
the
Old
Col
ony
plan
ning
reg
ion
will
be
give
n co
ntin
uing
ass
ista
nce
by th
eO
CPC
sta
ff a
nd o
ther
s ha
ve b
een
offe
red
volu
ntar
y as
sist
ance
by
the
disb
ande
d pr
ojec
t sta
ff m
embe
rs.
Thi
s re
port
will
be
dist
ribu
ted
to v
ario
us c
omm
unity
org
aniz
atio
nsan
d re
crea
tion
depa
rtm
ents
thro
ugho
ut th
e ar
ea in
hop
es th
at it
can
serv
e as
a g
uide
to o
ther
s w
illin
g to
und
erta
ke s
imila
r pr
ojec
ts u
sing
adul
t and
you
th p
artic
ipat
ion.
Add
ition
al m
ater
ials
on
play
fac
ilitie
san
d co
nstr
uctio
n te
chni
ques
will
be
avai
labl
e on
req
uest
fro
m th
e O
ldC
olon
y Pl
anni
ng C
ounc
il of
fice
and
the
offi
ces
of th
e A
dvis
ory
For
Edu
catio
nal E
nvir
onm
ents
. A li
st o
f su
pple
men
tal m
ater
ials
, inc
ludi
ngbo
okle
ts d
escr
ibin
g fu
nds
avai
labl
e fr
om g
Ove
rnm
ent a
nd p
riva
te s
ourc
es,
is in
clud
ed in
the
bibl
iogr
aphy
of
this
rep
ort.
HO
W-T
O M
AN
UA
L
In o
rder
to p
rovi
de s
onic
gui
de to
com
mun
ities
, org
aniz
atio
ns o
rin
stitu
tions
that
may
be
inte
rest
ed in
atte
mpt
ing
this
exp
erim
ent i
nbu
ildin
g pl
aygr
ound
s us
ing
citiz
en p
artic
ipat
ion,
a b
rief
, out
lined
"H
ow-
To
Man
ual"
has
bee
n in
clud
ed a
s an
app
endi
x to
this
rep
ort.
Fund
ing
Fede
ral F
unds
: Thi
s pr
ojec
t was
fin
ance
d by
a $
17,0
00 g
rant
fro
m H
UD
-und
er th
eir
"701
" Pr
ogra
m f
or S
peci
al P
roje
cts.
A p
ropo
sal f
orfu
ndin
g to
intr
oduc
e th
e ex
peri
men
t and
bui
ld p
layg
roun
ds in
othe
r co
mm
uniti
es h
as b
een
prep
ared
for
sub
mis
sion
to H
EW
unde
r th
eir
Smal
l Gra
nt (
up to
$10
,000
) pr
ogra
m. C
opie
s of
thes
e ap
plic
atio
ns a
re a
vaila
ble
for
refe
renc
e fr
om th
e of
fice
of
the
Old
Col
ony
Plan
ning
Cou
ncil,
27
Bel
mon
t Str
eet,
Bro
ckto
n,M
assa
ch u
setts
.O
ther
sug
gest
ions
for
fed
eral
fun
ds a
re d
escr
ibed
in a
boo
klet
publ
ishe
d by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f th
e In
teri
or B
urea
u of
Out
door
Rec
reat
ion
entit
led,
"Fe
dera
l Ass
ista
nce
in O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n".
See
also
:re
fere
nces
bel
ow to
Sel
f-H
elp
unde
r th
e se
ctio
n"P
riva
te F
unds
".L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent F
unds
:Fu
ndin
g fo
r pl
aygr
ound
con
stru
ctio
n ca
nbe
obt
aine
d fr
om c
ity o
r to
wn
recr
eatio
n de
part
men
ts. T
hene
cess
ary
fina
ncin
g to
com
plet
e th
e Pl
ymou
th S
tree
t pla
ygro
und
was
obt
aine
d fr
om th
e B
rock
ton
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ent.
The
26
scho
ol d
epar
tmen
t can
be
anot
her
sour
ce, p
artic
ular
ly u
nder
the
Com
mun
ity S
choo
l con
cept
.Pr
ivat
e Fu
nds:
Man
y or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd c
lubs
:tre
mor
e th
an w
illin
g to
dona
te p
lay
equi
pmen
t or
cons
truc
tion
fund
s. S
onw
sam
ple
sugg
estio
ns w
ould
be:
Cha
n,,,e
r of
Com
mer
ceJu
nior
Cha
mbe
r of
Com
mer
ceR
otar
y C
lub
Lio
ns C
lub
Elk
s C
lub
Boy
and
Gir
l Sco
uts
Chu
rche
sT
his
proj
ect o
btai
ned
fund
ing
for
the
cons
truc
tion
at C
ope-
land
Sch
ool f
rom
Sel
f-H
elp,
Inc
. of
Bro
ckto
n a
regi
onal
0E
0pr
ogra
m, b
ut th
ey w
ere
appr
oach
ed a
nd d
ealt
with
as
a lo
cal
com
mun
ity s
pons
or.
Oth
er a
vaila
ble
priv
ate
fund
ing
oppo
rtun
ities
are
sug
gest
edin
the
book
let p
ublis
hed
by th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
the
Inte
rior
Bur
eau
of O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n en
title
d, "
Priv
ate
Ass
ista
nce
inO
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n: A
Dir
ecto
ry o
f O
rgan
izat
ions
Pro
vidi
ngA
id to
Ind
ivid
uals
and
Pub
lic G
roup
s".
With
out F
unds
:It
is v
ery
poss
ible
to b
uild
a c
ompl
ete
play
grou
ndus
ing,
nat
ive,
dis
card
ed o
r do
nate
d m
ater
ials
. Man
y of
the
mat
eria
ls u
sed
for
cons
truc
tion
in th
is p
roje
ct, i
nclu
ding
san
d,te
leph
one
pole
s, o
ld ti
res,
slid
es, a
nd lu
mbe
r w
ere
dona
ted.
Thi
s ap
proa
ch is
dis
cuss
ed la
ter
in th
e "C
onst
ruct
ion"
sec
tion
of th
is m
anua
l, bu
t it s
houl
d be
not
ed h
ere
that
with
initi
ativ
ean
d pe
rser
vanc
e, a
pla
ygro
und
can
be c
onst
ruct
ed w
ithou
tfu
nds.
Org
aniz
ing
The
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
ity C
harr
ette
:T
he to
wn,
org
aniz
atio
n or
inst
itutio
n sh
ould
begi
n by
gat
heri
ng e
xper
tise.
If
mon
ey is
avai
labl
e, h
ire
apl
aygr
ound
con
sulta
nt. G
raph
ics,
slid
es, m
odel
s an
d di
agra
mm
edeq
uipm
ent d
esig
ns c
an b
e in
valu
able
in g
aini
ng th
e in
itial
inte
rest
of
the
com
mun
ity. I
tis
als
o a
good
idea
to f
orm
ast
eeri
ng c
omm
ittee
com
pose
d of
par
ks a
nd r
ecre
atio
n of
fici
als,
scho
ol a
dmin
istr
ator
s, p
lann
ers,
an
arch
itect
peop
le w
ho h
ave
expe
rien
ce in
rec
reat
ion
and
desi
gn.
An
area
lack
ing
in r
ecre
atio
nal o
ppor
tuni
ties
whi
ch is
sm
all
enou
gh to
hav
e a
com
mun
ity o
r ne
ighb
orho
od id
entit
y sh
ould
be s
elec
ted
and
a ge
nera
l mee
ting
for
the
resi
dent
s sc
hedu
led.
For
publ
icity
,ne
wsp
aper
art
icle
s,fl
yers
,po
ster
sin
loca
lbu
sine
sses
and
par
ticul
arly
doo
r to
doo
r so
licita
tion
of th
eco
mm
unity
are
rec
omm
ende
d. G
reat
atte
ntio
n sh
ould
be
devo
ted
to e
nlis
ting
the
invo
lvem
ent o
f th
e ac
tive
mem
bers
or
reco
gniz
ed le
ader
s, p
artic
ular
ly m
ales
, fro
m th
e co
mm
unity
.A
ll ag
es s
houl
d be
invi
ted.
The
pre
sent
atio
n of
the
aim
s of
the
play
grou
nd p
roje
ctsh
ould
be
sim
ple
and
dire
ct, e
mph
asiz
ing
com
mun
ity c
ontr
olin
the
plan
ning
and
des
ign
phas
es a
nd g
uara
ntee
ing
that
itis
not a
noth
er "
stud
y" p
roje
ct b
ut a
con
stru
ctio
n pr
ojec
t. U
sew
hate
ver
visu
al a
ids
are
avai
labl
e to
exc
ite th
eir
imag
inat
ion.
Let
the
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs b
e he
ard
by a
lloca
ting
mos
t of
the
time
for,
and
dir
ectin
g th
em in
to d
iscu
ssio
n an
d pa
rtic
ipat
ion.
You
th C
harr
ette
:E
very
hig
h sc
hool
has
at l
east
one
you
ng, d
edic
ated
teac
her,
suc
h as
Bill
Bur
ges,
who
can
com
mun
icat
e w
ith h
isst
uden
ts a
nd is
res
pect
ed b
y th
em. F
ind
one.
Pres
ent t
he p
roje
ct to
app
ropr
iate
cla
sses
(So
cial
Stu
dies
,G
over
nmen
t, A
fro-
Am
eric
an S
tudi
es, e
tc.)
aga
in r
elyi
ng h
eavi
lyon
vis
ual a
ids.
The
n as
k fo
r vo
lunt
eers
. Out
of
four
cla
sses
at
Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
ol, c
ompr
isin
g ab
out o
ne h
undr
ed s
tude
nts,
sixt
y-th
ree
volu
ntee
red
to h
elp
with
the
cons
truc
tion
at P
lym
outh
Stre
et.
Obt
ain
perm
issi
on f
rom
the
scho
ol a
utho
ritie
s to
use
sch
ool
time
for
mee
tings
and
con
stru
ctio
n.
Con
duct
ing
The
Cha
rret
te
Dep
endi
ng o
n tim
e, r
esou
rces
and
the
amou
nt o
f pa
rtic
ipat
ion
desi
red
from
the
com
mun
ity, s
et u
p a
sche
dule
in a
s co
mpa
ct a
tim
epe
riod
as
poss
ible
. Per
haps
one
mee
ting
will
hav
e to
suf
fice
, but
it is
reco
mm
ende
d th
at th
ere
be f
our
nigh
tly m
eetin
gs, o
nce
a w
eek-
for
am
onth
- in
a s
easo
n w
here
con
stru
ctio
n ca
n fo
llow
the
mee
ting
phas
eas
imm
edia
tely
as
prac
ticab
le. S
ched
ule
the
mee
tings
for
the
sam
e da
yof
the
wee
k an
d th
e sa
me
time
each
wee
k to
allo
w f
or r
eser
ving
dat
esan
d to
elim
inat
e co
nfus
ion.
Sen
d a
wri
tten
notic
e an
d ca
ll ea
ch m
embe
rbe
fore
eac
h m
eetin
g fo
r be
st r
esul
ts.
Hav
e th
e pr
ofes
sion
als
mai
ntai
n a
"low
pro
file
" du
ring
mee
tings
so
they
do
not o
verw
helm
or
intim
idat
e th
e co
mm
unity
. In
this
reg
ard
let t
he f
irst
mee
tings
be
unst
ruct
ured
so
that
the
dial
ogue
will
flo
wfr
eely
and
the
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs w
ill b
ecom
e in
volv
ed.
27
Don
't di
ctat
e to
the
com
mun
ity, b
ut e
duca
te th
em a
s to
the
poss
ibi-
litie
s an
d ad
vant
ages
of
cons
truc
tion
usin
g in
nova
tive
desi
gns
and
mat
eria
ls (
low
cos
t, ea
se o
f co
nstr
uctio
n, u
niqu
enes
S, e
tc.)
.L
et th
e co
mm
unity
sel
ect a
loca
tion,
but
bea
r in
min
d th
at, u
nles
sth
ere
isa
gran
t ava
ilabl
e fo
r pu
rcha
sing
pri
vate
land
, it
is b
est t
oem
phas
ize
the
publ
ic la
nd lo
catio
ns. M
ake
sure
that
per
mis
sion
isob
tain
ed to
use
the
loca
tion
sele
cted
for
pla
ygro
und
purp
oses
fro
m th
epu
blic
age
ncy
entr
uste
d w
ith th
e la
nd.
Use
ske
tch
pads
, bla
ckbo
ards
and
map
s to
dia
gram
sug
gest
ed e
quip
-m
ent a
nd lo
catio
ns. F
inal
ly, k
eep
a w
ritte
n re
cord
of
the
mee
tings
.
Con
stru
ctio
n
If th
e lo
cal c
omm
unity
is th
e w
ork
forc
e, s
ched
ule
cons
truc
tion
for
a Sa
turd
ay a
nd S
unda
y of
one
wee
kend
or
on c
onse
cutiv
e w
eeke
nds.
Mak
e a
part
icul
ar e
ffor
t to
enlis
t adu
lt m
ales
fro
m th
e co
mm
unity
.T
ry a
nd m
ake
it a
soci
al o
ccas
ion
by p
rovi
ding
ref
resh
men
ts.
With
tim
e, p
atie
nce
and
supe
rvis
ion,
itis
alto
geth
er p
ossi
ble
and
mos
t rew
ardi
ng to
hav
e th
e sm
all c
hild
ren
of th
e ne
ighb
orho
od a
ssis
tas
was
don
e w
hen
cons
truc
ting
the
"vis
ible
str
uctu
re"
on P
lym
outh
Stre
et. I
t is
a gr
eat w
ork
and
play
exp
erie
nce
for
them
and
giv
es th
ema
feel
ing
of p
osse
ssio
n an
d re
spon
sibi
lity
for
the
play
grou
nd.
Too
ls c
an b
e ob
tain
ed f
rom
the
neig
hbor
hood
res
iden
ts o
r fr
om th
eci
ty d
epar
tmen
ts o
f re
crea
tion,
par
ks a
nd w
ater
. Whe
elba
rrow
s, a
chai
n sa
w, s
hove
ls a
nd a
dri
ll sh
ould
be
obta
ined
. The
sm
alle
r to
ols
are
usua
lly r
eadi
ly a
vaila
ble.
If th
ere
is e
noug
h m
oney
to p
urch
ase
all o
f th
e ne
cess
ary
mat
eria
ls -
fine
. If
not,
with
per
serv
erin
g ph
one
calls
, leg
wor
k an
d bu
tton-
holin
g,do
nors
can
be
foun
d. I
n th
e B
rock
ton
proj
ect s
uch
item
s as
san
d,te
leph
one
pole
s, c
able
spo
ols,
lum
ber,
use
d tir
es, s
lides
, con
duit
pipe
and
park
tabl
es w
ere
all d
onat
ed. A
ll th
e m
ater
ials
sho
uld
be o
n ha
nd b
yth
e m
orni
ng o
f co
nstr
uctio
n an
d, if
nec
essa
ry, t
he p
ost h
oles
dug
by
the
loca
l tel
epho
ne c
ompa
ny.
The
re s
houl
d be
ske
tche
s or
mod
els
of e
ach
piec
e of
pla
y eq
uipm
ent
avai
labl
e fo
r re
fere
nce.
If a
you
th c
harr
ette
is b
uild
ing,
the
sche
dule
d co
nstr
uctio
n tim
essh
ould
be
duri
ng s
choo
l hou
rs w
ith a
teac
her
pres
ent.
The
y sh
ould
brin
g lu
nche
s an
d re
leas
e fo
rms
from
thei
r pa
rent
s.T
he lo
cal n
ewsp
aper
s sh
ould
be
cont
acte
d to
cov
er th
e co
nstr
uctio
nan
d ta
ke p
hoto
s. P
eopl
e lik
e to
rea
d th
eir
nam
es in
the
new
spap
er. I
t is
a sm
all r
ewar
d an
d en
cour
ages
fur
ther
eff
orts
in th
e fu
ture
.It
is im
port
ant t
o es
tabl
ish
mai
nten
ance
and
sup
ervi
sion
arr
ange
-
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men
ts f
or th
e co
nstr
ucte
d pl
aygr
ound
. Eith
er th
e co
mm
unity
or
the
loca
l rec
reat
ion
depa
rtm
ent s
houl
d be
ent
rust
ed w
ith th
e co
ntin
uing
mai
nten
ance
and
pol
icin
g of
the
play
grou
nd. E
very
eff
ort s
houl
d al
sobe
mad
e to
gai
n a
com
mitm
ent f
rom
the
recr
eatio
n de
part
men
t to
staf
f th
e pl
ay s
ite w
ith a
cou
nsel
lor
duri
ng th
e su
mm
er m
onth
s.
Add
ition
al I
nfor
mat
ion
A r
epre
sent
ativ
e ac
coun
t of
the
Bro
ckto
n ex
peri
men
t and
act
ual
site
plan
s fo
r th
e th
ree
play
grou
nds
prec
edes
this
man
ual,
but a
com
plet
e re
cord
of
the
min
utes
of
the
Cha
rret
te a
nd s
teer
ing
com
mitt
eem
eetin
gs a
nd m
ore
deta
iled
guid
ance
are
ava
ilabl
e fr
om th
e O
ld C
olon
yPl
anni
ng C
ounc
il of
fice
in B
rock
ton.
The
con
stru
ctio
n te
chni
ques
for
the
thre
e ba
sic
stru
ctur
es u
sed
in th
eB
rock
ton
site
sth
e pl
atfo
rm, t
ire
clim
ber,
con
duit
tunn
el-
with
estim
ated
cos
ts, a
re d
iagr
amed
on
the
prec
edin
g pa
ges,
but
oth
erin
nova
tive
tech
niqu
e in
form
atio
n is
ava
ilabl
e up
on r
eque
st f
rom
the
offi
ces
of th
e A
dvis
ory
For
Edu
catio
nal E
nvir
onm
ents
, 90
Sher
man
Stre
et, C
ambr
idge
, Mas
sach
uset
ts.
Proj
ect P
artic
ipan
ts
CO
MM
UN
ITY
:C
harr
ette
IJo
an F
ishe
rG
lady
s C
ounc
ilL
oret
ta S
imm
ons
Will
iam
Hum
phre
yD
orot
hy B
elch
erH
enry
Sha
nks
Cha
rret
te I
I
Mar
y G
raca
Mar
tha
Bra
dser
Art
hur
Hok
eD
anie
l Mat
taH
elen
McA
llist
erM
aure
en M
cLau
ghlin
You
th C
harr
ette
Aud
rey
McN
eil
Jam
es D
ixon
Don
ald
Will
iam
s
Sonn
y Sh
anks
L. M
iller
Lou
is A
ngel
oPe
ter
Koc
hM
arga
ret U
rban
o
Patr
icia
Pla
teni
kK
im P
late
nik
Lui
s R
ance
lM
axim
o C
intio
riJa
mes
Tag
ger
Ed
Jaco
bsG
uy J
ones
Chr
is 'M
anci
ni
30
Mic
hael
Will
iam
sE
ileen
Gilm
ore
Fran
k Pa
gan
Mik
e D
rum
mey
Mik
e M
urph
yT
om C
oots
Dal
e A
nn R
oyst
erJo
hn R
eich
eC
hery
l Ila
rris
.Jan
et M
ast e
rson
Vic
ki C
rom
wel
lB
ill M
itche
llV
icki
Ber
nard
Bri
an R
oger
sD
ebor
ah B
erna
rdJa
nice
Urb
ana
Lor
i Fei
nber
g1\
lark
Zim
mer
man
Kev
in R
ice
Dav
id D
eGra
ceR
eggi
e M
ac D
onal
dR
icha
rd M
urph
yD
avid
Fie
ldK
azi S
tank
us
PRO
FESS
ION
AL
S:
Proj
ect S
taff
Ron
ald
Bar
ber
Cha
rret
te L
eade
rPa
ul E
. Gal
lagh
erPr
ojec
t Wri
ter
Old
Col
ony
Plan
ning
Cou
ncil
Alv
in J
ack
Sim
sE
xecu
tive
Dir
ecto
rC
harl
es R
. Row
e -
Chi
ef P
lann
erFr
ance
s V
otta
-Se
cret
ary
Con
sulta
nts
Dr.
Alla
n L
eitm
anPr
esid
ent,
Adv
isor
y fo
rE
duca
tiona
l Env
iron
men
tsT
erry
D'E
ugen
io -
Con
sulta
nt, A
E E
Rob
ert H
oule
Con
sulta
nt, A
E E
Cor
nelia
Voo
rhee
s -
Con
sulta
nt, A
E E
Judi
th A
lbau
m C
onsu
ltant
, A E
EC
ynth
ia D
onah
ue C
omm
unity
Org
aniz
erG
eorg
e M
cGar
ry S
ocia
l Sci
ence
Dep
artm
ent,
Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
olSp
onso
rs
Cha
rles
Bou
cher
- S
uper
inte
nden
t, B
rock
ton
Rec
reat
ion
Dep
artm
ent
John
Dor
gan
Supe
rint
ende
nt, B
rock
ton
Park
sD
epar
tmen
tC
. Glo
ver
Tho
mps
on -
Arc
hite
ctH
arry
Alle
nD
irec
tor
of C
omm
unity
Sch
ools
,B
rock
ton
Scho
ol D
epar
tmen
t
Jam
es L
azou
r -
Dir
ecto
r of
Phy
sica
l Edu
catio
n,B
rock
ton
Scho
ol D
epar
tmen
tW
illia
m B
urge
sSo
cial
Sci
ence
Dep
artm
ent,
Bro
ckto
n H
igh
Scho
olW
ayne
T. E
vans
- E
xecu
tive
Dir
ecto
r, B
rock
ton
Y..C
.A.
Jam
es G
illes
pie
- D
irec
tor
of Y
.M.C
.A. E
xten
sion
Prog
ram
Lau
renc
e E
. Zuk
Exe
cutiv
e D
irec
tor,
Sel
f-H
elp,
Inc.
, Bro
ckto
nE
lizab
eth
Stan
woo
dSe
lf-H
elp,
Inc
., B
rock
ton
Geo
rge
Gro
ver
Self
-Hel
p, I
nc.,
Bro
ckto
nB
arba
ra S
koln
ick
Self
-Hel
p, I
nc.,
Bro
ckto
nD
ougl
as K
ing
Staf
f, S
elf-
Hel
p C
hild
Dev
elop
-m
ent C
ente
rR
ober
t Gra
Cia
Staf
f, S
elf-
Hel
p C
hild
Dev
elop
-m
ent C
ente
rFr
ance
s D
anis
Staf
f, S
elf-
Hel
p C
hild
Dev
elop
-m
ent C
ente
rR
ober
t Joh
nson
Staf
f, S
elf-
Hel
p C
hild
Dev
elop
-m
ent C
ente
r
Don
ors
Bea
ver
Nur
sery
, Inc
.A
l Ric
hard
sSh
ovel
s, w
heel
barr
ows
and
pick
s.
Ber
retta
& C
rosi
er B
uick
& O
pal A
uto
Sale
sB
us s
ervi
ce f
or s
tude
nts.
Bro
ckto
n E
diso
n C
ompa
ny A
l Ham
erT
elep
hone
pol
es a
nd u
se o
f po
le h
ole
digg
er.
Bro
ckto
n Fo
rest
ry D
epar
tmen
tR
usse
ll N
ash
Woo
d ch
ips.
Bro
ckto
n Pa
rks
Dep
artm
ent J
ohn
Dor
gan
Lan
d fo
r Pl
ymou
th S
t. pl
aygr
ound
, san
d, b
ench
es a
nd ta
bles
, cul
vert
pipe
, are
a cl
eara
nce.
Bro
ckto
n R
ecre
atio
n D
epar
tmen
tC
harl
es B
ouch
erFi
nanc
ing
for
com
plet
ion
of P
lym
outh
St.
play
grou
nd, s
hove
ls, p
icks
,ax
es a
nd c
uttin
g of
pol
es.
31
Bro
ckto
n W
ater
Dep
artm
ent
Shov
els,
whe
elba
rrow
s an
d cu
lver
t pip
e.
J's
Fish
Subs
Free
sod
as f
or s
tude
nts.
Sarg
ent S
uppl
y C
orp.
Ger
ald
Kel
lehe
rL
umbe
r, n
ails
, pai
nt, b
rush
es, w
ood
pres
erva
tive.
Self
-Hel
p, I
nc.
Fina
ncin
g fo
r C
opel
and
Scho
ol P
layg
roun
d.
Still
man
Tir
e C
ompa
nyU
sed
tires
.
Wor
kel A
uto
Sale
s C
o.U
sed
tires
.
Bib
liogr
aphy
Arn
stei
n, S
herr
y R
.,L
adde
r O
f C
itize
n Pa
rtic
ipat
ion'
', .1
/Pfo
urna
/..J
uly,
196
9.B
rook
line
Com
mun
ity R
enew
al P
rogr
am, P
arks
- E
valu
atio
n, P
repa
red
by M
ason
and
Fre
y, C
ambr
idge
, Mas
sach
uset
ts, O
ctob
er, 1
965.
Bur
eau
of O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n, U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
the
Inte
rior
,Fe
dera
l As-
s-is
tanc
e in
Out
door
Rec
reat
ion,
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
., R
evis
ed19
70.
Bur
eau
of O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n, U
.S. D
epar
t men
t of
the
Inte
rior
,O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n Sp
ace
Stan
dard
s,W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
1967
.
Bur
eau
of O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n, U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
the
Inte
rior
,Pr
ivat
e s-
sist
ance
in O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n, V
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
1970
.K
ohn,
She
rwoo
d D
., E
xper
imen
t in
Plan
ning
an
Urb
an H
igh
Scho
ol:
The
Bal
timor
e C
harr
ette
, New
Yor
k, E
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s L
abor
a-to
ries
, 196
9.R
owe,
Cha
rles
R.,
Ope
n Sp
ace
for
the
OC
PC, B
rock
ton,
Mas
s., O
ldC
olon
y Pl
anni
ng C
ounc
il, 1
969.
Shar
key,
Ton
y, B
uild
ing
a Pl
aygr
ound
, New
ton,
Mas
s., E
duca
tiona
lD
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r, 1
9.70
.St
one,
Jea
nnet
te G
alam
bos,
with
Rud
olph
, Nan
cy, P
lay
&Pl
aygr
ound
s,W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
Nat
iona
l Ass
ocia
tion
for
the
Edu
catio
n of
You
ngC
hild
ren,
197
0.
"an
expe
rim
ent
inci
tizen
part
icip
atio
n
laym
enan
dpr
ofes
sion
als
wor
king
toge
ther
..
plan
ning
,de
sign
ing
and
cons
truc
ting
apl
aygr
ound
.
_Oa
