DOCUMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS CERES Global · a 6-month cleanup target post-earthquake, and reconstruction aid is contingent on following specific earthquake resistant building design

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DOCUMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONSCERES Global

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Community Development Centre, SembalunCERES Global

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1 Introduction 1.1 Statement of Collective Vision, Values and Purpose 1.2 Key Partner Organisations 1.3 Context to Project 1.4 History and Nature of Partnership

2 Background and Overview 2.1 Lombok Disaster August 2018 2.2 Further Information 2.3 Recent Earthquake Activity 2.4 Current Needs 2.5 Recovery and Mitigation Phase 2.6 Political Climate

3 Aims 3.1 Community Development Centre, Sembalun 3.2 CERES Global

4 Key Considerations 4.1 Community Engagement 4.2 Local Wisdom 4.3 New Skills and Knowledge Sharing 4.4 Permaculture/Sustainable Design Principles

5 Research 5.1 Sustainability: An issue to address in disaster recovery 5.2 Bamboo Basics 5.3 Climate Change 5.4 Sustainable building: Bamboo 5.5 Bamboo in Sembalun 5.6 Other Potential Materials 6 Resources 6.1 Local and Regional Contacts 6.2 Potential Grants

7 Current Plans 7.1 Upcoming Waste Management Trip 7.2 Final Considerations 7.3 Design Strategy Proposals

CONTENTS

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1.1 Statement of Collective Vision, Values and Purpose

CERES Global is continuing its partnership with the Community Development Centre, Sembalun (CDC) to design and construct a sustainable building to replace the centre that was damaged in the August 2018 Lombok Earthquakes.

1.2 Key Partner Organisations

The Community Development Centre, Sembalun (CDC): The Community Development Centre, Sembalun is a local non-profit organisation in East Lombok, Indonesia. Through education, organic farming, and ecotourism it aims to assist the local community as it encounters rapid changes both socially and environmentally and enhance the way of life of its community members. Through engagement and building awareness regarding the impacts of development, and throughparticipating in knowledge sharing and enhancing cross-cultural experiences, CDC offers collaboration with outside agencies to position its members as the ‘actors instead of the object’ and develop deep inter-cultural connections within the realm of sustainability. For more information, on the aims of the CDC, visit: http://www.cdc-sembalun.org/

The Centre for Education and Research in Environmental Strategies (CERES): CERES and its international outreach program, CERES Global, links local communities to friends and part-ner organisations around the world. They achieve this by designing and facilitating group journeys into new cultural settings with the intent of creating a space of mutual learning and the exchange of ideas. For more information, on the aims of CERES and CERES Global, visit: https://ceres.org.au/global/

1.3 Context to Project

In the aftermath of the August 2018 Lombok Earthquakes, CERES Global set up a relief fund to assist those affected in Sembalun. In the days after the disaster a message from the CDC recounted, “100% the people of Sembalun stay are staying in camps, and 65% of the houses are damaged or destroyed. They will stay at the camp until their houses are rebuilt.” The funds raised went directly through the CDC and its members around parts of north and east Lombok transported supplies. In the face of the wet season, however, immediate relief of food, shelter, and water mainly included tarpaulins and other plastics as a contribution to semi-permanent shelters. According to meetings between CDC and CERES Global, the Indonesian Government has identified a 6-month cleanup target post-earthquake, and reconstruction aid is contingent on following specific earthquake resistant building design. There are also contingencies regarding marital status and number of buildings owned. As a result, the badly affected CDC building itself cannot receive funding from the Indonesian Government and community-housing needs that are extending cleanup targets are risking further costs and delays.


1 INTRODUCTION

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1.3 Context to Project continued

In light of these developments, CDC has identified a possible collaborative project with CERES Global to rebuild the CDC building with local materials and employing sustainable building techniques. Through the use of local materials, local crafts and tradespeople, the project would be emblematic of longer-term planning and asset-based development, and result in a space for the community to come together and thrive, assist in trauma healing, knowledge sharing and represent the CERES ethos of utilising natural resources in a sustainable manner broadening community engagement and emphasising inter-cultural education.

1.4 History and Nature of Partnership

CERES Global and CDC have been partnering since 2014 and working together to host multiple trips. This partnership is mutually beneficial and is hoped to continue long into the future. CERES Global wishes to assist in the disaster recovery of Sembalun in anyway possible and hopes to source funding for the design and build, continue to help bring eco-tourism to the area and learn and grow alongside the CDC in working with bamboo as a sustainable material in a earthquake resistant manner.

1 INTRODUCTION

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2.1 Lombok Disaster August 2018

Two major earthquakes, and many aftershocks, struck the Island of Lombok within a week of each other on 29 July and 5 August 2018. The foreshock and resulting shocks have been attributed to movement along the Flores Thrust, within which, the Australia and Sunda plates underthrust the Indonesian volcanic island arcs. Five districts were affected in West Nusa Tenggara Province, North Lombok, East Lombok West Lombok, Central Lombok and Mataram. With substantial aftershocks occuring in the subsequent days, a state of emer-gency was announced until 25 August 2018. As of 14 August 2018, the death toll stood at 468; while 7,773 people were injured and 352,736 were displaced.

2.2 Geographical Information and Seismic History

Indonesia is a large nation with varying climatic conditions, vast geographies and many languages and back-grounds. However, most of the country is still at risk to natural hazards such as volcanoes, tsunamis, earth-quakes, floods, landslides and storm surges. More recently for Lombok, earthquakes have been occurring with increasing size and severity. Therefore it is imperative to understand post-disaster design and mitigation best practices.

“The August 5, 2018, M 6.4 earthquake in Pulau Lombok, Indonesia, occurred as the result of a shallow thrust fault on or near The Flores Back Arc Thrust. In the region surrounding the August 5, 2018 earthquake, there have been six other events of M 6.5 or more significant over the previous century. Four of these are likely to have occurred on the back arc thrust system; an M 6.5 in the Bali region to the west of Lombok in July 1976, and three events of M 6.5, M6.5, and M 6.6 in the Sumbawa region to the east of Lombok in November 2007 and November 2009. The Sumbawa earthquakes were associated with several deaths, hun-dreds of injuries, and hundreds of houses being destroyed” (USGS, 18).

In the past 20 years, there have been 60 recorded M 5.0 and greater earthquakes in the Lombok area and close surrounding regions. Over half of those recorded, however, have been following the damaging 29 July 2018 M 6.4 earthquake. Granted this could also be a result of higher instances of recording, monitoring improvements and rising influences of social media and its ability to connect people, it still demonstrates a recurring pattern of a highly seismically active area.

2 BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW


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2.3 Recent Earthquake Activity

• On 29 July 2018, a 6.4 magnitude earthquake has struck off Lombok, province of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, at 05:47 local time, followed by 66 aftershocks with the highest of those with recorded magnitude of 5.7. The earthquake affected the three districts of North Lombok, East Lombok and West Lombok.

• On 5 August a significant earthquake of 7.0M killed 460 people and displaced hundreds of thousands of people.

• On 19 August, a 7M earthquake struck Lombok, was preceded by a 6.3M earthquake and was followed by many aftershocks. The epicentre was 30km northeast of East Lombok and was 20 km deep. As a result of the 20 August quake, ten more people are known to have died, and 24 more people left injured. More than 150 houses were damaged, and widespread power outages reported. The earthquake caused many landslides and was felt across East Lombok, North Lombok, West Sumbawa, Sumbawa Besar, West Lombok and Mataram City, as well as Bali, East Java and Makassar.

• As of 1 October, according to BNPB, the four quakes during July and August killed more than 510 people, injured at least 7,100 others, and displaced more than 431,000 people with 88,740 houses and 798 public and social facilities (community health centres, mosques and schools) destroyed or damaged. In mid-September, the provincial authorities announced six months of transitioning from emergency to recovery.

• After 1 October, according to BNPB reports, the number had risen to more than 445,000 people inter-nally displaced. These people are living with various types of shelters, across 2,700 camps as well as with host communities. The Government of Indonesia is leading the recovery efforts in Lombok and Sumbawa and planning to provide cash to 75,000 affected households to rebuild their homes.



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2.4 Current Needs

As of 16 November 2018, more than six weeks after the disaster, many needs remained. Priorities included;

• Immediate logistics and economic recovery• Medical assistance• Clean water• Sanitation and hygiene• Shelter and protection, including women’s and children’s protection, and education

The humanitarian response has made significant progress in reaching and serving the people in need of as-sistance. Regional and international agencies continue to support national efforts and leadership. NGOs, the Red Cross and the UN are on the ground augmenting the federal response (IFRC).

A CERES Global GoFundMe went some way in addressing these priorities, and so far has raised $12,500.00 of its 15,000.00 goal. All of the raised funds went through the CDC and to these immediate needs. For more information or donating help, please visit: https://www.gofundme.com/8v6v4-indonesia-earthquake-re-lief-fund

For more information, on the range, scale and latest updates and statistics of the earthquakes, visit: https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-lombok-earthquake-emergency-plan-action-epoa-dref-n-mdrid013

Now, at six months post-disaster, recovery needs remain and attention is turning from immediate needs to long-term recovery and the design and rebuild o the CDC Centre.


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2.5 Recovery and Mitigation Phase

As the disaster rolls on and immediate emergency response slows, the Indonesian Governments target of March 2019 looms, focus turn to the longer-term aspect of the disaster management cycle and the beginning of the recovery process. For the CDC and CERES Global this means entering the reconstruction phase of the disaster management cycle.

Disaster experts suggest that disasters are not, in fact, “natural” (Hartman & Squires, 2006), but a combina-tion of forces that include environmental, geomorphological or meteorological hazards; and the vulnerabili-ties constant in our regions, cities, systems and the general status quo. These forces combined create what we call a disaster, but as our many stresses of systematic racism, endemic violence and environmental destruc-tion are often the work of our own doing, a disaster is not a natural event. In the case of Lombok, a shock would be the seismic event but the combination of stresses that exist in the community, due to other factors, create a disaster. These factors may include unplanned, unregulated or ad-hoc building methods, increased housing density, and building materials used not to specification such as concrete for example.

Shocks and stresses within Lombok mean that it is even more critical to ensure CDC can continue its work in aiding community by having space for the community to gather and work positively together to rebuild livelihoods. It is essential that these livelihoods are diverse and built on current assets. The shocks and stress-es underpinning the severity of the earthquakes and contributing to the complexities include the following:

Shocks: • Landslides • Tsunamis • Earthquakes

Stresses:• Disasters affecting tourism• Waste management (plastics)• Low employment• Farming incomes severely reduced

Source: Environmental Studies blog


Disaster Management Cycle


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2.5 Current Political Climate

Adding to the complexities of disaster recovery, there was a call by the Indonesian Government for foreign aid workers to leave Sulawesi unless working directly through a local partner. At first this could be seen as a recovery misstep. However, humanitarian aid needs to respect political sensitivities, especially with an elec-tion coming up, making the relationship between CERES Global and the CDC even more significant. As we have seen, it is and will continue to be, an extensive logistical exercise for the government. The Indonesian Government, however, has an incredibly diverse landscape and population and is indeed not new to large-scale disaster recovery.

The critical thing to remember, where the CDC and CERES Global are concerned, is that CERES Global has been invited and is acting at the behest of CDC, keeping in line with the Government recommendations and hopefully addressing the cracks in the recovery, that saw the CDC building not receiving funding to rebuild from local institutions.



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3.1 Community Development Centre, Sembalun

• Rebuild damaged physical centre• Recommence activities and projects• Provide support for community• Maintain, foster relationship with CERES Global (continue to host CERES Global)• Learn skills for project management and community organising

Royal and Muji are CERES Global’s primary point of contact for the CDC updates.

At the CDC, the main aim is to create a space where the community (usually younger, single men) can come together to learn about current and future issues that will affect them. It is also to problem solve and come up with solutions for issues facing the community. From there the goal is to earn some reparations from CDC activities and to put these solutions into practice.

Before the earthquake, the CDC was holding free English classes as these aid in the younger generation being able to enter into tourism work as guides or in hospitality. At the CDC and in afterschool care centres around the region, the CDC actively involves younger generations to develop plans for sustainable tourism, including farm stays, home stays, and pick-your-own restaurants, in addition to farm and village tours.

The CDC offers experiences through activities in village life, as well as safeguarding the main tourist attractions, such as the mountains that people come to hike. By trying to enforce rubbish collection and do-ing monthly cleanups of the region, they also address waste management issues facing the greater area.

These CDC activities have been reduced severely due to loss of the building. The impacts of the earthquake on the community, including homelessness, loss of income and severe trauma, further increase the need of the CDC and make it imperative that the CDC can continue its work in aiding community and having space for the community to gather and work positively together to rebuild livelihoods.

As a result, the CDC has invited help from CERES Global, a partner organisation since 2014 to draw on their history of the connection, and build on the multiple trips they’ve shared, waste management and eco-tourism development plans, and permaculture and sustainable living joint efforts.

Collaboration with local leadership would improve the current aims in;

• Boosting local economies• Encouraging the return of tourism and engage a cross-cultural exchange• Prompting alternative income developments • Encouraging knowledge sharing in sustainable development and waste management techniques• Enabling project management training and professional development exchange

3 AIMS


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geographical location

Images courtesy of Google EARTH LOCATION

3.1 Community Development Centre, Sembalun

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3.2 CERES Global

CERES Global are good at bringing people and funding together, to share a common goal. Tere aims in assiting and brokering change include;

• Offering funding, grant writing assistance• Planning and assisting the design and rebuild of CDC building• Continuing cultural trips and bring people together with knowledge skills

While the implementation of temporary shelter is imperative to the recovery process after a disaster, it is important to, after the initial impact, look towards longer-term recovery. In the case of Sembalun, the role of sustainable building design and ecotourism after the disaster is worth considering. So far, the relief fund set up by CERES Global has gone to immediate necessities such as food, shelter, and water, particularly important in the face of the rainy season, which runs from October through to April. Recently the CDC has inquired to CERES Global about their ongoing assistance in longer-term recovery options. As CERES Global has a trip planned to visit Indonesia in April 2019, regarding plastic waste, there is an opportunity to combine knowledge sharing and learning opportunities and visit CDC and contribute to the waste manage-ment, assess the plastic and non-sustainable elements of immediate disaster recovery while acquiring knowl-edge and build on local networks for future projects.

This trip will follow up on and continue discussions for rebuilding the CDC centre, severely damaged during the earthquakes. An idea that of course has its merits but before recommending that course of action, there are steps to be taken and considerations to reflect on. It is imperative to have local stakeholders driving the process and local knowledge informing best practice. This process must remain executed with local leadership, specifically from Royal and Muji, key persons working with the CDC. The April 2019 trip will also provide a boost for local economies and a chance to discuss the impact of the earthquake and the assets of the centre that remain and the plan for a rebuild if decided.

CERES Global have been notified of concerns of the CDC and wish to assist in the facilitation and funding in finding answers to the issues of:

• Treating bamboo • Sourcing earthquake-proof bamboo designers • Confirming bamboo builders in Sembalun • Assessing the communities desire to build with certain materials

And, more generally:

• Providing funding and grant writing assistance• Assisting recovery• Developing recovery plans• Planning and assist the designing and rebuilding of the CDC building• Continuing exchange trips

3 AIMS

LOCATION


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4.1 Community Engagement

Remaining true to the collective vision, value and purpose, community engagement must feature heavily throughout all stages of the design and building process, and, recommended to be undertaken along Asset-Based Community Development Principles (ABCD). ABCD principles are:

• Everyone has gifts: Each person in a community has something to contribute.• Relationships build a community: People must be connected in order for sustainable community development to take place.• Citizens at the centre: Citizens should be viewed as actors—not recipients—in development.• Leaders involve others: Community development is strongest when it involves a broad base of community action.• People care: Challenge notions of “apathy” by listening to people’s interests.• Listen: Decisions should come from conversations where people are heard.• Ask: Asking for ideas is more sustainable than giving solutions.• Inside-out organization: Local community members are in control.• Institutions serve the community: Institutional leaders should create opportunities for community-member involvement, then “step back.”However, while ABCD methodology acknowledges that in many circumstances communities possess the local wisdom and tools required for development, in particular events such as disasters the affected community may require external assistance and this is the role CERES Global aims to fill.

4.2 Local Wisdom

Royal, Muji and the many other members of the CDC and residing in Sembalun have many skills and much to offer. They understand the local context and the needs of the CDC building better than anyone. CERES Global should remain facilitators and ensure that community engagement is paramount and that all decisions are made collaboratively.

4 KEY CONSIDERATIONS


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4 KEY CONSIDERATIONS

4.3 New Skills and Knowledge Sharing

Through proactive partnerships and multi-disciplinary planning and communication with communities, CERES Global and CDC Sembalun can address these issues together.

Often treated as unrelated to disaster management sustainability and disaster management share some common themes including the importance of community engagement. The use of sustainable materials in the emergency response is starting to become mainstream with larger NGO’s like the IFRC sourcing locally grown and sustainable materials. However, there are still issues with plastic pollutions and other environmental hazards being used.

4.4 Permaculture and Sustainable Design Principles

As requested by the CDC the design must be earthquake proof and posses certain sustainable building princlipes that may take the form of:

• The potential for solar• Passive heating and cooling • Environmentally suitable

It is essential to consider the role of sustainable practices when engaged in the recovery of a community after a disaster, such as:

• Protecting biodiversity • Recognising connection of environment and development and the interconnection of environmental, social and economic issues• Addressing both direct and indirect causes of environmental degradation


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5.1 Sustainability: An issue to address in disaster recovery

This section exists as a quick overview, for more information, please refer to the supporting Humanitarian Benchmark Consulting document in the back of the book.

Climate change is a driving force in the severity and occurrence of disasters, it then stands to reason, that the building of shelter and settlements after a disaster should be built from sustainable materials with a minimum carbon footprint to reduce the acceleration of climate change and humanitarian disasters it contributes.

In addition to the emissions of CO2 into earth’s atmosphere, deforestation affects the ability of the earth to sequester carbon naturally. Leading to what is known as a negative feedback loop. Bamboo can bothsequester carbon and also act as erosion control, water filtration and as a windbreak.

As a renewable resource, it also can provide material for safe, sustainable and robust building that’s quick to grow, harvest and assemble after a disaster event.


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5.2 Bamboo Basics

The most commonly grown and used for building materials in Indonesia is the Dendrocalamus Asper. This bamboo variety of the Dendrocalamus genus can grow to 20 m tall, and 8–12 cm in diameter. It can be found commonly around the islands of Indonesia, especially Bali and Java but also Lombok.

It is a timber bamboo, selected as a building material for heavy construction since its culms are large, broad and straight, its young shoots can also provide the grower with a source of nutrition, as it is also an edible vegetable.

Harvesting In the event of a disaster, harvest at any time. However, some sources suggest that steps can be taken to reduce certain factors that are harmful to the longevity of the structure. These include that the optimum time to harvest is at the end of the wet season as the moisture content is declining and before the starch content increases which is greater during the dry season. Proper harvesting reduces both the chance of splitting when dried and insect and fungal attack.

ManagementCrop management and sustainable harvesting are essential but as important is the handling, treating and storing of bamboo. A borax solution is a commonly used method of treatment, but it is necessary to understand the facilities of the community and the intended duration of the building whatever the decision, however, keep the bamboo dry and out of direct sunlight.

PropagationBamboo grows in many ways. However, a conventional commercial method is to bury cuttings 3-4 nodes long and about 6 inches deep with holes drilled in the chambers between nodes and filled with water. Planting such as this is done prior to the wet season, and new shoots will spring from the nodal joints.

TreatmentMethods and whether or not to treat is usually made on a case by case basis. Factors to consider include usage time of the structure and the availability of suitable skills and equipment. Generally, though borax treatments are employed and Tim-Bor can be commonly acquired in Indonesia and relatively harmless. The Environmental Bamboo Foundation has created a manual for a vertical soak diffusion method and is available online. When constructing with bamboo, first, integrate the practices and wisdom in line with local knowledge.

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5.2 Bamboo Basics continued

Remember; still, seek the advice of technical experts and local tradespeople for information and assistance growing sourcing treating and construction with bamboo. Once the decision to use bamboo initiated, if indeed it is, use this as an introductory guide before further research.

There are 16 species commonly used for construction in Indonesia, most are clumping varieties, and most reach optimum harvesting age between 4 and seven years. While cropping, maintain 20-25% harvest and ensure age diversity to reduce the chance of mass die-off events. It is vital to remember community replanting programs to provide continued use and to make use of the entire plant. While replanting, consider the benefits of planting to reduce disaster risks such as flooding and landslides further. Planting along embankments can hold soil and acts as a buffer from flash flooding and storms, lessening their severity.

Glossary of Terms

Beams – Horizontal structural elements of the buildingBracing – Elements incorporated into the structure to prevent racking under changing loadsClump – A group of culms forming one bamboo plantColumns – Vertical structural elements of the buildingCulm – One individual length of bambooEaves – Overhanging element of the roofFishplate – Bridging element reinforcing weak points in constructionInter-nodal space – The hollow section between nodes in a culmJoists – Horizontal structural elements that flooring or roofing is attached toLintels – Horizontal structural elements above an opening transferring the load to either side of that openingNode – The solid section that regularly breaks up the hollow section of a culmNogs – Small spacing elements placed between larger elements to reduce buckling or twistingPeg – Like a dowel, a small element driving between two other elements joining themRacking – Swaying or warping of a structure when a load appliedRhizome – Below ground shoot that is the starting point of the new culmRhizome bud – The newly formed rhizome as it branches off the main clumpRidge – The horizontal construction element that forms the highest point of intersecting roof planesUnder purlin – Horizontal structural elements that support rafters or jointsWarpage – Twisting or bending over time

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Treatment continued

Rationale

The durablity and longevity of bamboo depends on a range of circumstances, from the time of harvest, to the methods of treatment and storage. Without treatment, the lifespan of bamboo ranges from two to three years, if used removed from the outside weather conditions, this can be increased to four or even seven years. In or-der to improve the longevity of the CDC building, it is strongly recommended to treat the bamboo to protect against weathering, rot and insect infestations. This will also lessen pressure on the resource by reducing the number of times the bamboo needs to be replaced.

Treatment Methods

Methods of treatment vary from country to country and are largely dependant on the facilities and knowledge available. There are leaching, soaking, chemical, salt and drying methods that differe slightly, but all are generally to remove starches. Sealing the bamboo with varnish or other protective coastings comes at a later stage. The effectiveness of leaching is dependant on the wall thickness, starch content and age of the bamboo. If leaching is undertaken within hours of harvesting the vascular system will still be open, making it much easier for water to pass through it. Pre-drilling internodal spaces, often works better than punching nodes with smaller species.

All diffusion methods of treatment are quicker in warm water and where there is better water flow and movement. However, some argue that leaching in a still bath benefits from mictobial activity affecting the sugars and reducing the likelihood of insect attack. No matter the process chosen, the wicking potential of the bamboo is immense and the need to be careful of keeping the bamboo free from ground contact and rain very important. So too the harvesting, storage and maintenance of the bamboo.

Further Research Needed

The current methods of and facilities for treatment in Sembalun need to be discussed with the Royal and Muji at the CDC. Royal has mentioned knowing a builder using bamboo and it would be good to discuss with them the Vertical Soak Diffusion method in the Bamboo Treatment in Bahasa document in the appendices. The space for drying and storage also needs to be investigated. Difficulties will remain and it would be beneficial to discuss options with people who are well versed on the subject. Design options must be discussed too in order to achieve the most beneficila and beautiful desing and a low cost and size.

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Potential Options

FreeMite: Bali-made natural bamboo treatment:http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&sl=id&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesiaorganic.com%2Fanti-rayap-anti-termite%2Ffreemite

Information:

• Organic Control Pest• Freemites Kill Termites, Protects You• Wood termites, powder post beetles and woodworms are generally classified as wood and bamboo dam-aging insects by consuming / consuming powder and sugar-containing parts.• Most of the current insecticide treatments contain toxins, are expensive, and are only a few years efficient.Waste from medicines like this is a problem for nature.• Freemite is an exterminator of pure bio emulsions designed for bamboo, wood fiber, rattan, houses and gardens ... Freemites combine the effects of borak, ground oil, chili and camphor and 12 other plant extracts.

Active content in Freemite Termite Drugs:

• Introducing oil as biological pesticide (Azedarachtin) which is converted into pure emulsion • Borak as salt is usually used as an effective termite drug, but it is not reliable enough if it is not equipped with other ingredients • Camphor as a long-term term fumigation treatment • Chili as a strong barrier to termites • 12 other plant extracts that act as natural controllers

How to use:

• Freemite is a stable Pest Control emulsion concentrate. This termite exterminator is very easy to use. • Shake before use. Simply add 200 liters of clean water with 1 liter of Freemite200 to produce 201 liters of termite drugs that are ready to use.• Full soak for 3-6 hours can protect wood and bamboo from powder post beetles and termites in the long term.

Distributors & Agents:SURABAYAJl. Darmo Permai Timur XIV / 62 Surabaya Contact Person: Hans TjahjonoBALISeminyak

Zula & Down to Earth Jl. Lasmana No. 99, Oberoi, SeminyakKuta Little Tree Jl. Sunset Road No. 112X, Kuta

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5.3 Climate Change

Human activities are increasing the impact of disasters and, in turn, these impacts are then increasing the occurrence of disasters. It is imperative then that disaster recovery must address climate change and attempt to reduce environmental degradation.

These recovery efforts, considering the impacts of climate change, may include:• Permaculture • Regenerative agriculture• Waste management• Up and Recycling • Reducing the amount of CO2 emissions that go into the many phases of reconstruction

These phases include the production transport and building of constructions and construction materials. It stands to reason then, that when rebuilding after a disaster, one must reduce and mitigate the impacts of ex-treme events & natural hazards through a sustainable method of sourcing and using more sustainable build-ing supplies.

If achieved, benefits may be that CERES Global and the CDC develop applicable plans for & enable adaptive futures, and building in adaptive capacity. This way, the CDC can help CERES Global participants the bene-fits and intricacies around transforming drivers of vulnerability, inequities, unsustainability, & climate change. Moreover, offer a different context and demonstrate how to live well within a changing context.

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5.4 Sustainable building and Bamboo

In the accompanying appendices and documents, there are no logo manuals and guides released by compa-nies such as INBAR and Humanitarian Benchmark Consulting. Nevertheless, as requested by the Royal and Muji of the CDC, the structure and the processes of its design and build must be environmentally responsible and resource efficient. A conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation should be used through the entirety of the buildings life cycle. Bamboo can be utilized as a sustainable building material, in this re-gard, as it is used for construction and grown locally.

5.5 Bamboo in Sembalun

There is much bamboo grown in and around Sembalun in community-style gardens for locals to harvest and use. This use currently focuses on temporary structures mainly in agricultural settings. There is a potential for the bamboo to be treated locally, to reduce the need for imports from other surrounding islands. Local craftspeople and growers can also offer insight into usage and building techniques to trip participants.

5.6 Potential Materials

Bamboo

EcoBricks


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5.6 Potential Materials

Eco Bricks

Billed by some as the solution to plastics, Eco Bricks is an Earth Enterprise focussing on solving issues centred around plastic pollution. In this community movement, global plastic problems are reimagined into local solutions through their educational and transformative vision of repurposing, recycling and upcycling of plastic waste into a building material. From regenerative principles, Eco Bricks trap plastics out of the biosphere, empower citizens and communities and keeps plastic out of Industrial Recycling systems, saving energy.

Luckily for us, Eco Bricks is also a global movement and through their workshop in Ubud we too will learn plastic packing, module making and bottle building. If all goes well, after gaining these new skills, there may be an opportunity to put them into practice as we help design and build a raised garden bed later on in our journey.

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6 RESOURCES

6.1 Contacts Expertise:

• Company - Humanitarian Benchmark ConsultingPotential Contact - Fabien Prideaux (Project Manager)Humanitarian Benchmark Consulting are humanitarian experts working within a social enterprise. Dave Hodgkin, the managing director, is based in Jakarta and Fabien Prideaux in Melbourne. They have expertise in and can evaluate, train and develop humanitarian projects.

Humanitarian Benchmark Consulting have also developed a hugely helpful manual and set of guidelines for the use of bamboo in construction for an emergency shelter setting after a disaster. This manual aims to bridge the gap between knowledge held by skilled bamboo artisans and builders and the immediate need for practical solutions for aid workers and affected communities in post-disaster responses.

Community Movements:

• SeTAM Freedom Farmers was set up to advocate the social, political, economic, cultural and legal equal-ity of farmers. It aims to free farmers from oppression and exploitation and to encourage farmers to work collectively to overcome problems.

• Shelter of Hope is a community movement which came for the experience of working together with Bantul community and Klaten which were the victims of Jogjakarta and Mid Java earthquake 27 May 2006. Shelter Of Hope community wished to raise hopes and to share happiness among those who lose confidence and being in difficulties.

• DeJarup (Detak Jaringan Rupa) is a nonprofit environmental and cultural community-based in Sumatra, West Java, Central Java, and East Java. DeJarup was established in Solo Central Java, 1 September 2006 as an effort to build society concern for environmental issues, through developing and strengthening community awareness of the environment and cultural issues.

Bamboo Suppliers:

• Company - Sahabat BambooSahabat Bamboo is a small business in Jakarta that produces and sells treated bamboo. They also offer design and build services and construction training. A comprehensive price list is available on their website, as well as information on ordering and storage.


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6 RESOURCES

6.1 Contacts Further Consulting:

• Company - Environmental Bamboo Foundation, BaliEnvironmental Bamboo Foundation, Bali is a non-profit organisation founded by designer Linda Garland to protect forests by demonstrating the many conservation and development opportunities bamboo offers. Based in Bali, they offer consulting, education, research, agro-forestry projects and workshops to interested parties. They have created an excellent manual in the treatment and storage methods of bamboo. On Lom-bok, they have built a bamboo buffer zone around a national forest.

Ecological Restoration:

• Company - Blue Forests (formally Mangrove Action Plan)Blue Forests are an Indonesian company working towards the environmental restoration of mangroves. They also work through community education and livelihood projects, specifically, the Coastal Field School. The programs aim to help coastal protection efforts. Benjamin Brown has also released a reference guide ‘Towards Resilient Mamboo Forestry’ through the aforementioned Environmental Bamboo Foundation. On their web-site, they also have teaching tools, research, books and helpful links.

Designers:

• Company - IBUKU (formally P.T. Bambu)IBUKU is a design company that designed and built the famed ‘Green School, Bali’. ‘Green School’ is a prima-ry and secondary school on Bali that was designed and constructed using ecologically sustainable design and focusses on sustainability in its education. They also offer workshops and design courses and have a landscape and permaculture team. There are some interesting TED talks on this subject matter from both John and Elora Hardy.

International Development:

• Company - INBARCo-founded by Jules Janssen who also penned ‘Building with Bamboo’, INBAR is a multilateral development organisation promoting environmental and sustainable development with bamboo. They have a resource cen-tre that has further information on climate change, sustainable cities and communities and life on the land.

Support Bodies:

• Company - RedR IndonesiaRedR Indonesia is part of a federation of national accredited RedR organisations who share a shared vision and mission. RedR runs training courses, recruits relief workers and provides support to humanitarian or-ganisations and professionals around the world.


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6.2 Potential Grants

Company - QuakeFundQuakeFund is a small and informal funding company set up to bridge the gap between individuals and families wanting to help disaster-affected areas. They work with local NGO’s affected communities on small-scale projects that address local needs.

Sustainable Community Spaces: CDC rebuild, improving livelihoods and protecting natural resources - Sembalun, Indonesia

Indonesia/Sembalun grant deadlines:• November 2018:Melbourne Polytechnic Trade and Design: Endeavor Funding

• March 2019:Australia Indonesia Institute GrantNCP

• June 2019:Friendship grant

6 RESOURCES


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7.1 Upcoming Waste Management Trip

Waste Management Trip ‘19

In addition to the usual schedule and learning program of the upcoming Waste Management Trip, there would be an excellent opportunity to provide further information on the current state of Sembalun’s recovery and other areas in the north of Lombok.

Face to face interaction is imperative in the quest for good design and appropriate local-lead collaborative design. It is essential that community engagements and discussions are to be held to ensure the design and build planning fits the local context and addresses the needs as outlined by Royal and Muji.

Given the time in the area will be short, opportunities lay mainly in engaging in smaller bamboo projects, such as making bamboo straws. There might also be an opportunity to extend the stay on Lombok to increase the amount of tourism and focus goes into helping this project. There are many issues and uncertainties to be explored in waste management in a disaster context and regarding the cleanup in a post-disaster zone.

As Rose Samson of the CERES Global Team points out, however, time is of the essence to it is crucial that we address the needs that Rose has outlined in the latest (late December 2018) discussions with Royal and Muji of a list of requirements. These requirements of the building include considering:

• The size of the building and land • How many rooms and their functions• Sourcing and using sustainable material (local bamboo if possible) • Designing a sustainable building (passive cooling, use of other permaculture design principles) • The need for solar power• The suitability of materials for Sembalun weather (protection from wind and rain)

Rose has also stated that, if we have their contact and can discuss directly, this will be a lot easier. Also, that Muji and Royal do not have much free time to do this. How much bamboo will the program need and can the local region supply this demand? Is there other procurement or resource concerns? Can a replanting scheme be employed to contribute to bamboo production in the area for future bamboo constructions? What will the benefits to the regions overarching resilience be - Fodder for agriculture? Shelter breaks and flooding mitigation? What are the ongoing harvesting systems? Are they sustainable and is there a call for storage and treatment facilities on site?

7 CURRENT PLANS


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7.2 Final Considerations

When designing a structure that uses bamboo some key considerations include the following questions;

Next steps to be addressed in the Working Group and Visioning Workshops could help address the following considerations:

How much bamboo will the program need and can the local region supply this demand? Is there other pro-curement or resource concerns? Can a replanting scheme be employed to contribute to bamboo production in the area for future bamboo constructions? What will the benefits to the regions overarching resilience be - Fodder for agriculture? Shelter breaks and flooding mitigation? What are the ongoing harvesting systems? Are they sustainable and is there a call for storage and treatment facilities on site?

Can the construction become a demonstration building or be able to be deconstructed and reused in both other constructions and as a modular structure to be recreated for other shelter and settlement programs throughout the region?

What are the dynamic and flexible options to plan for unprecedented future conditions especially in the face of a changing climate? Are there still earthquake risks? Hazards like floods and storms pose a threat, how can these be mitigated?

What are the skills and resources available already in the community? How can all community partners be the main drivers in the entirety of the process? How can the role of women be prioritised? Are some knowl-edge-sharing needs addressed with educational components? What is the period of the program? What’s the best time to visit and is there a way to stay in the region longer?

7 CURRENT PLANS


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CERES Global is continuing its partnership with the Community Development Centre, Sembalun (CDC), and creating a newpartnership with etc.lab to design and construct a sustainable building to replace the centre that was damaged in the August 2018 Lombok Earthquakes.

Project Type

Community Infrastructure

Designer

Ngee Ann Polytechnic and etclab

Building Fabrication

TBC

Academic Partner

Ngee Ann Polytechnic

Design Workshop Facilitators

CERES Global and etclab

Donors

TBC

End Client

CDC Sembalun

Location

Sembalun, Lombok

Size

TBC

Date Completed

TBC

Cost

$25,000 AUD

7 CURRENT PLANS

7.3 Prototype for Sustainable Building


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Assistance rebuilding the CDC was the main request from Royal and Muji and one of the first identified projects for CERES Global to support. Using sustainable, locally grown materials and skills, the centre can address two crucial issues that the functioning CDC was used for. Bringing people together, promoting sustainable practices and investigating alternative income streams. For these reasons it is proposed that the centre becomes a prototype for sustainable building and earthquake resistant structures. The aims of the building are to return to its use as the CDC and inspire continued education and promotion of bamboo as a seismically sound and environmentally friendly material.

Raja Fairuz of Ngee Ann Polytechnic and etc.lab has previously worked with the CDC in the design and construction of a kindergarten. It is proposed that again Raja conducts a design and build studio with assistance from CERES Global in funding. Workshop assistance and assistance from the CDC sourcing local materials and local craftspeople will aid the construction.

The treatment of the bamboo poses a potential issue, as there is currently no facility in Sembalun for treating and processing bamboo. As CERES Global is undertaking a Waste Management trip in April 2019, this poses as a potential opportunity to conduct site analysis, design workshops, community interviews and preparation for treatment of bamboo.

This document aims to outline the combined interests of the CDC and the partners of CERES Global and etc.lab in the design and rebuild of the centre, provide direction to further resources and offer insights into the sensitive nature of disaster recovery.

7 CURRENT PLANS

7.3 Prototype for Sustainable Building


Documents

DOCUMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS CERES Global · a 6-month cleanup target post-earthquake, and reconstruction aid is contingent on following specific earthquake resistant building design