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Release 2.0.0.0059

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1. WARNINGS................................................................................. 5

2. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 62.1. Presentation of the Program ................................................................................. 7

3. STARTING TO WORK WITH DOC ................................................ 103.1. Profile Selection ................................................................................................... 11

3.2. Plant General Properties ..................................................................................... 12

3.3. Layout Selection .................................................................................................. 18

3.4. Main Window ....................................................................................................... 19

4. DRAWING THE SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM ...................................... 214.1. General indications on the drawing .................................................................. 22

4.2. Drawing with Macro Objects .............................................................................. 22

4.3. Examples .............................................................................................................. 26

4.4. Drawing an MV-LV Single-line Diagram with Macro Objects ......................... 32

4.5. Drawing and Defining a NetworkUPS Generator Group Changeover ....... 37

4.6. Modifying the Drawing ........................................................................................ 40

4.7. Labels .................................................................................................................... 41

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DOC User Manual - Page 3

5. CALCULATION AND DIMENSIONING .......................................... 46

5.1. Calculation and Dimensioning ........................................................................... 47

5.2. Error Messages ..................................................................................................... 50

5.3. Failed Selection of Single Objects ..................................................................... 52

5.4. Calculation and Dimensioning Results .............................................................. 54

5.5. Changing the Dimensioning Results. ................................................................. 55

6. VERIFICATION AND PROTECTIONS ............................................ 576.1. Verifications and Protections .............................................................................. 58

6.2. Printing Options for the Curves Module ............................................................. 70

7. DRAWING DIAGRAMS OF AUXILIARIES ....................................... 737.1. Drawing the Key Diagram of the Auxiliary Circuits .......................................... 74

8. SWITCHBOARD CONFIGURATOR ............................................... 798.1. General indications on switchboard configuration ......................................... 80

8.2. WIZARD - Switchboard configuration ................................................................. 80

8.3. Modifying Front Panel View ................................................................................ 87

8.4. Busbar distribution system .................................................................................. 92

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9. PRINTING THE DOCUMENTATION.............................................. 97

9.1. Project Documentation Manager ...................................................................... 98

9.2. Creating the Project Documentation ................................................................ 99

9.3. Print Preview ....................................................................................................... 109

9.4. Commands for Managing the Project Documentation ................................. 110

ANNEX A: LIST OF COMMANDS ..................................................... 112File Menu ........................................................................................................................ 113

Edit Menu ........................................................................................................................ 114

Objects Menu ................................................................................................................ 115

MV Objects Menu .......................................................................................................... 117

Tools Menu ..................................................................................................................... 118

View Menu ..................................................................................................................... 123

Help Menu ...................................................................................................................... 124

MV Macros ..................................................................................................................... 124

LV Macros ....................................................................................................................... 128

Auxiliaries Macro ........................................................................................................... 132

Switchboard Toolbar Menu........................................................................................... 133

ANNEX B: LIST AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SINGLE OBJECTS AND OF THERELATIVE CONTROL PANELS ......................................................... 135Windows of MV Single Objects..................................................................................... 136

Windows of LV Single Objects ...................................................................................... 142

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1.WarningsNotes ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division responsibility towards the user necessarily presumes that the program has

been used in a professionally correct manner and that the user has followed all the given precautions/instructions.

Even in the case of program defects which have been detected and verified, ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division shall

only be responsible for repairing the program in a reasonable length of time.

ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility for either direct or indirect damages, however caused, tothe user or third parties by use or non-use or late availability of the program, magnetic support or documentation

supplied.

The user must:

- check the use of the program supplied by ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division and the reliability and accuracy of the

data entered, and also that the data entered fully corresponds with and is consistent with the printed results;

- take all necessary precautions to safeguard and preserve data and to allow him to reconstruct data using his own means

should the data be lost or destroyed due to an error in handling or entering data and/or an error in using the program, or

even an operational defect of the program and/or processor used;

- ensure that the program is only used by professionally and technically qualified personnel able to use it correctly.

The user must follow the instructions and notes given and take all the precautions recommended at all times.

ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility if the user does not follow the instructions for operation

and use indicated.

ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility for any damages due to destruction of data files or other

occurrences caused by not having followed the instructions and precautions indicated, by not having used the program

correctly or due to an operational defect of the computer used, whatever the cause of this operational defect may be.

ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility for mistakes by the user concerning the use of DOC and

any mistakes and/or inaccuracies contained in the data and/or data combinations entered.

ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division reserves the right to modify and/or update the program and relevant instructions, at

any such time that it is deemed necessary or opportune, in the light of new provisions of law and technological,

management or operational developments.

Conditions of use:

- The program is protected by Copyright.

- No unauthorized copies of the program and relevant documentation are permitted.

- Changing, adapting, re-designing or creating applications based on the program itself, on the files or documentation

supplied is forbidden.

- ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division reserves the right to take legal action to protect its interests. The software is not for

sale and is distributed for promotional purposes only.

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2.INTRODUCTIONThis chapter describes:

the list of DOC functionalities;

the applications which can be made with DOC.

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2.1. Presentation of the ProgramDOC is the ABB program for drawing and calculating single-line diagrams of low and

medium voltage electrical plants, for selection of the switching and protection devices and for

verifying coordination of the protections.

DOC is aimed at all professionals in the electrical sector looking for a precise but simple and

rapid tool, which helps them to do their work.

The main functionalities of the program are:

Drawing the single-line electric diagram.

Drawing the key diagram of the auxiliary circuits.

Calculation of line current and voltage drops.

Calculation of short-circuit currents.

Dimensioning low and medium voltage cables.

Dimensioning switching and protection devices.

Switchboard configuration

Calculation of overtemperatures in ANS switchboards.

Setting and coordination of protection devices.

Verifying cable protection.

Printing the single-line diagram and project documentation.

The program can calculate electric networks with the following characteristics:

Medium voltage: Vn 36kV 50/60Hz

State of the neutral: Insulated / Compensated Low voltage: Vn 1kV 50/60Hz

Three-phase power supplies with and without neutral,

two-phase and single-phase

Distribution system : TTTN-STN-CIT

Unlimited number of levels and departures.

Several distribution systems in the same network

Three-phase networks with single-phase and two-phase loads

Plants with service generator.

Plants in cogeneration.

Plants with back-up transformers.

Island operation, without restrictions on the number of generators.

Colors of the Single-line Diagram

To help in reading this document, the images of the single-line diagram have where

possible been made with a white background and therefore with a configuration of colors

different from the one predefined in the program.

To use the program it is advisable to use the predefined colors (black background and green,

yellow or red symbols according to their state).

Further clarifications about color management are available later in this document.

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DOC: Drawing the Single-line Diagram

DOC: Cable Section Calculation; Short-circuit Calculations

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DOC: Cable Protection and Selectivity Verification

DOC: Printing Project Documentation

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3.Starting to work with DOCThis chapter describes

operations preliminary to drawing the single-line diagram;

description of the work environment;

personalization of the work environment.

After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:

personalize the appearance of the program;

select the utility;

define the plant general properties;

select the layout.

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3.1. Profile SelectionDOC can be used either in the Light or Professional Profile according to requirements,

combining calculation precision with rapidity of project execution in the best way.

The Light Profile, with simple and immediate use, is recommended for drawing diagrams and

doing calculations with a low level of complexity and with low voltage or schematized

supply by means of a MV/LV transformer.

On the other hand, the Professional Profile, which makes all the DOC functionalities

available, is recommended for drawing and calculation of complex diagrams with medium

voltage supply or with supply by means of generators.

On program start-up, the window for selection of the Profile to use DOC with is shown.

Window for Profile Selection

Deactivate / Reactivate the Window for Profile Selection.

Profile selection can be deactivated by choosing the Do not ask again on start/up option.

In this case DOC will start up with the last Profile selected.

Profile selection can be reactivated from the ToolsOptions menu.

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3.2. Plant General PropertiesThe plant general properties window allows you to define the type of plant to be made.

The window is available in simplified mode (Light Profile) and in advanced mode

(Professional Profile). In both cases it is possible to select the type of supply at the top,

whereas in the lower part the parameters common to the whole single-line diagram are

defined.

Plant General PropertiesLight Profile and Professional Profile

LV Distribution

This is the supply suitable for representing civil, service sector plants or small-sized

industrial applications.

The parameters required to define the supply are the three-phase short-circuit current or the

three-phase fault impedance value or of the short-circuit apparent power.

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LVSupply: representation in the single-line diagram

Trafo MV-LV

This is the supply suitable for representing medium-large power plants when it is notnecessary to coordinate the protections between the MV side and the LV side of the

transformer/s.

It is also useful for verifying the voltage drop from the transformer secondary to the last load

(without considering the voltage drop inside the transformer which would be counted byDOC if the Transformer with 2 windings Single Object was used).

The parameters needed to define the supply are the number, the rated power and the rated

short-circuit voltage of the transformer/s.

MV SupplyThis is the supply suitable for representing the medium voltage section in a large-sized plant

as well, selecting the MV side switching and protection devices and coordinating them with

the LV side of the plant.

The parameters needed to define the supply (normally communicated by the power utility

company) are:

The rated voltage.

The short-circuit current.

The ground fault current at the point of delivery.

The state (insulated / compensated) of the neutral.

The calculator-shaped button allows input of the short-circuit current value in an alternativeway, when the three-phase fault impedance or the apparent short-circuit power are known.

It is also possible to personalize the short-circuit power factor value (needed for calculation

of the short-circuit current peak value).

Finally, input of the ground fault current value in an alternative way is possible when the

capacity to ground or the Petersen coil parameters are known (only in the case of

compensated neutral).

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MV supply: Calculator for defining the MV short-circuit

Calculation of the Ground Fault according to the State of the Neutral

The formulae used by DOC for calculation of the ground fault are given below with special

attention to the parameters available for defining the MV short-circuit.

System with insulated neutral

Ce2V1,133Io f

System with compensated neutral

2222

23

121,131,1IgiIgr3Io

Lpf

CefVRp

V

where:

- 3Io [A]: ground fault current taken from the Homopolar transformer

- 1,1V [V]: phase voltage corrected according to the c factor of the IEC 60909-0Standard

- f [Hz]: frequency

- Ce [F]: capacity to ground of the network on the supply side of the utility

- Igr [A]: real component of the ground fault current due to the resistance of the

Petersen coil (Rp)

- Rp []: resistance of the Petersen coil

- Igi [A]: imaginary component of the ground fault current equal to the vectorial sumof the capacitive contribution of the network (Ce) and of the inductive

contribution of the Petersen coil (Lp)

- Lp [mH]: inductance of the Petersen coil

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MV Supply: representation in the single-line diagram

Generator

This is the supply suitable for representing plants totally supplied in an island, such as ships

or off-shore platforms.

To define the supply it is sufficient to indicate the rated voltage value of the generator.

Subsequently it will be possible to define the generator with all its parameters or to select it

from the list of those available in DOC.

Selection of the Generator Supply

The Generator supply must not be usedin the case of cogeneration or service generators(Cf. Chapter4.5)

In these cases it is advisable to use another of the supplies available and subsequently

represent the generator by means of the Generator Single Object.

Generator: representation in the single-line diagram

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Panel for Setting LV section parameters

The panel allows the preset value for the main parameters characterizing the LV section of

the plant to be defined.

Precise setting of the parameters means the drawing and data input stages can be speeded up.

Parts of the plant which must have different parameter values (for example, you select Phases= LLLN, but you also have to represent single-phase loads) can be customized afterwards

during drawing (Cf. point 3 of Chapter4.2)

Rated voltage: a list of the standardized voltages is available. In any case, it is possibleto manually digit a value between 0V and 1000V as you want

Distributed phases: all possible combinations in a three-phase system are available(LLLN, LLL, LLN, LL, L1N, L2N, L3N)

Distribution system: TN-C, TN-S, TT and IT distribution systems are available. It isadvisable to set the distribution system of the supply. Indications are given below abouthow to proceed in the case where there are plant sections present with a different

distribution system (for example, sections managed with the TN-S system in plants with

TN-C supply)

Rated frequency

Selection of the number of poles according to the distributed phases: It ispossible toindicate your own preferences to DOC regarding management of the neutral in LLLN

and LN circuits.

Selection of the reference Standard for miniature circuit-breakers: DOC is able toselect the modular protection devices according to the correct product Standard

according to the type of plant.

In particular, for industrial plants, the nameplate values declared according to the IEC

60947-2 product Standard are used, whereas for plants in the civil/service sector, the

nameplate values declared according to the IEC 60898 product Standard are used Automatic optimization of the neutral: when active, DOC proposes the neutral of the

cables with sections equal to 50% of the phase section (only under the conditions

permitted by the Standard!). Otherwise the neutral conductor has a section the same as

that of the phases.

Panelfor Plant loads

After calculation of the single-line diagram drawn, the plant load data are given in this panel

in terms of:

Active power

Reactive power

Current

Power factor

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Advanced settings

Further advanced level settings are available which are already predefined with values that do

not normally need to be changed.

The advanced settings are always visible if you use the Professional Profile. When using the

Light Profile, you can access them by pressing the Advanced settings button.

The advanced settings provided are:

Selection of the Standards for the short-circuit calculationsbetween:

o IEC 60909 (International Standard for 50-60Hz applications)

o IEC 61363 (Naval Applications)

o NFC 15-100 (French Standard)

o VDE 0102 (German Standard)

o Method of the symmetrical components.

Selectionof the Standard for dimensioning low voltage cablesamong:

o CEI 64-8 (Italian Standard)

o IEC 60092 (Naval Applications)

o IEC 60364 (International Standard)

o UNE 20460 (Spanish Standard)

o VDE 0298-4 (German Standard)

o NFC 15-100 (French Standard)

Temperature: ambient temperature value (used for calculation of switchboardovertemperatures) and the one inside switchboards (presumed or calculated by DOC;

used to consider any temperature derating in of the performance of the protection

device)

Protection of people: contains the parameters used by DOC to verify protection againstindirect contacts: Contact voltage; Tripping time; Resistance of the ground plate (cf.

Chapter6.1.1 for a description of their use).

Automatic selection of the type of circuit-breaker: data to guide DOC in selectingMiniature, Molded-case or Air circuit-breakers according to the current.

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3.3. Layout SelectionOnce the general plant properties have been defined, DOC allows the layout to be used to be

defined among the following types:

MV columns (recommended for drawing diagrams of MV compartments)

LV columns (recommended for drawing LV plants)

Free (recommended for producing extremely customized and/or special diagrams on

A2, A1, A0 page formats)

To make selection easier, a preview is available of all the possible layouts.

Previews of the MV columns, LV columns and Free layouts

Changing the Layout during Diagram Drawing

During drawing of a diagram, it may be necessary to change the layout in relation to the one

selected previously (for example, MV columns on the first page and LV columns on the

following pages).

This is possible by using the Change layout page dimensions command in the Viewmenu.

The Change layoutpage dimensions icon is available in the View toolbar.

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3.4. Main Window(1) Menus and toolbars

In this area there are the commands used for managing files, the commands for drawing and

the program functionalities.(2) Macro Objects

The Macro Object area contains all the macro-blocks, i.e. blocks consisting of several Single

Objects, which allow rapid diagram drawing.

The contents of this area are contextual to the type of diagram you are drawing (MV, LV or

of the auxiliaries).

(3) Drawing sheet

This is the area where the project to be made with DOC takes shape. It is the page, complete

with layout, just as it can be printed to document the project.

(4) Work flow

The Work flow toolbar has the aim of guidingthe user during the main stages of carrying

out the project.

DOC work Area

The work flow, from which the name of the relative Toolbar comes, to be followed to work

best with DOC, is as follows:

Drawing the Medium Voltage network (Cf. Chapter4.4).

Drawing the Low Voltage departures (Cf. Chapters4.2 and4.3).

Calculating and dimensioning the plant (Cf. Chapter5).

Curve verification and drawing (cf. Chapter6).

Functional drawing of the auxiliary circuit electric diagrams (Cf. Chapter7).

Switchboard configuration (Cf. Chapter9).

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Creating and printing the documentation (Cf. Chapter 9).

3.4.1. Personalizing the Main WindowThe appearance of the main window of DOC can be customized by changing the colors of thediagram and the presence and position of the toolbars.

This way you can work in a way closer to your own habits.

Colors

To change the colors, use the Preferences command in the Tools menu.

The settings are on the Colors page.

The colors which define the state of the Single Objects can be changed, as well as the worksheet background color.

Window for personalizing the colors

The profile of the colors preset in the program have the following meanings:

Color Meaning

Yellow Single Object to be dimensioned or checked

Green Single Object dimensioned correctlyRed Single Object with problems or errors

Brown Single Object not supplied in the present network configuration

Toolbars

The Toolbars can be enableddisabled by the Toolbarscommand in the View menu.

It is also possible to move the Toolbars into your favorite position of the work environment

by dragging them with the mouse.

Visibility of the Macro Objects bars is a function of the active work flow button. Their

position can be customized in the same way as the other Toolbars.

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4.Drawing the single line diagramThis chapter describes:

drawing the single-line diagram of Low Voltage networks;

drawing the single-line diagram of Medium Voltage networks;

network data input;

managing several power supplies in the same project.


use the Single Objects and Macro Objects to draw the single-line diagram of Medium and Low Voltage networks;

draw all types of diagrams, even those consisting of several switchboards and shown over several pages;

define the characteristics of loads and lines;

configure networks supplied by a power supply and by back-up generators.

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4.1. General indications on the drawingOnce the general properties of the plant and the layout have been defined, the utility symbolis already present on the drawing sheet.

You can therefore proceed to draw the single-line diagram as described in this chapter.

It is possible to use two different types of objects with DOC:

Single Objects

Macro Objects

The Single Objects are the blocks which represent a single element of the electrical plant and

which allow a single-line diagram to be made (for example: LV Circuit-breaker, LV

Cable, Generic load, Busbar, Motor, ). By connecting the Single Objects with each

other, you can obtain infinite combinations for representing any type of plant.

The icons of the Single Objects are found in the Toolbars area.

On the other hand, the Macro Objects are a combination of several Single Objects alreadyready to be drawn with a single click.

The Macro Objects thereby allow you to draw much more quickly, at the expense of the

variety of plants which can be shown.

Furthermore, with the Macro Objects it is only possible to draw purely radial networks,

whereas the Single Objects allow meshed type networks to be made which DOC is able to

manage during the calculations.

The best result is obtained by combining the Single Objects and the Macro Objects,

combining the need of each particular plant with the speed of making the diagram.

To draw a Single Object or a Macro Object, it is sufficient to click over the icon that

represents it. The Single Object or the Macro Object will be hooked up to the mouse pointer,ready to be drawn with a click of the left button in the desired position in the diagram.

The Single Objects are only available with the Professional Profile.

The Medium Voltage Single Objects and the Medium Voltage Macro Objects are

available using the Professional Profile and starting a network with the MV Supply

4.2. Drawing with Macro ObjectsThis chapter describes how to make a single-line diagram only using Macro Objects.

The Macro Objects are useful to make a single-line diagram rapidly, starting from the main

device and going on with the departures on the load side until the loads are reached.

The program automatically verifies congruence of the single-line diagram.

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Low Voltage Macro Objects

General and General Second level Macro Objects

Generic departure and Motor departure Macro Objects

1) Start positioning the main circuit-breaker by selecting the Main CB with Overload and Short

circuit protection icon from the General Macrotools toolbar.

The program will see to stretching the connections so as to take up all the space available

both vertically and horizontally on the work sheet.

1) Main CB with Overload and Short circuit protection

2) From the Generic departure Macro select the type of feeder to be shown, for example, a

Generic Load feeder, CB with Overload and Short circuit protection + RCB departure.Hook the Macro Object up to the barring on output from the main circuit-breaker.

3) The departure line is now connected to the barring and the program shows the dialog window

for fast definition of the feeder data.

This way it is possible to define the main data of the feeder while drawing:

Phases (single-phase, three-phase with and without neutral)

Distribution system

Description of the departure (to allow more flexibility, these are available on two lines)

Consumption of the generic load (rated current or rated active power and power factor)

Length and type of cable

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3) Feeder properties fast input window

To disable the panel for fast definition of the feeder, remove the checking off sign at the

Always show option.

Disabling these functions is useful for those who want to edit the data of a feeder in

detail.

The panel can be re-enabled from the Toolbar menu Preferences, on the

Other page.

Phases and Distribution system

The phases and distribution system properties must be consistent in the plant.

This does not mean they must necessarily be the same throughout plant, but that there arerules which DOC helps you to follow (in fact, it is possible, for example, to manage sections

of plant with a TN-S or TT distribution system starting from a TN-C supply, or single-phase

lines derived from a three-phase system with neutral; but it is not possible, for example, to

derive a single-phase load from a three-phase distribution without neutral or to derive an IT

system from a TN system without using an insulation transformer which separates the two

parts of the plant).

DOC helps the user by only showing the properties compatible with the type of distributionselected.

In the case of incongruence, DOC notifies the incorrect situation during the calculations and

indicates the Single Objects by changing their color (Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source

ot found.).

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Modifying the phases and distribution system

Modifying the phases and distribution system can be done in two ways:

By selecting just one Single Object to be modified, applying the Properties command

(the same as a double click over the symbol of the Single Object) and modifying its

Phase and/or Distribution system properties (DOC will only show the values compatible

with the position the Single Object occupies in the plant). By selecting several Single Objects to be modified and using the Properties command,

in the Edit menu. You can change the common properties with the Common

properties window.

4) Once the main data has been defined, DOC adapts the feeder line in height according to the

layout, occupying all the space available.

4) Final appearance of a feeder line

5) Repeat the procedure for every other feeder line.

Advice on Drawing in Columns

There are two important rules to follow to improve the result of a drawing in columns:

The Macro Objects must be inserted in the center of the column. DOC helps to do thiscorrectly thanks to the predefined (and unalterable) grid step, with the horizontal and

vertical lines which intersect in the cursor position and follow it in its movements and

with the same structure as the layout in columns.

Do not insert two Single Objects of the same type in the same column (for example, twoCircuit-breaker Single Objects): the layout would not be able to host the data of both!

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Coding the Single Objects

DOC automatically codes the Single Objects according to the type of layout:

In the layout in columns, the coding follows the rule: Page.Column.

Other Single Objects drawn in the same column will have the same numbering (Circuit-breakerQF1.1; CableWC1.1; LoadL1.1).

In the free layout, the Single Objects of the same type will have incremental coding. Thefifth circuit-breaker inserted from the start of the drawing will have the code QF5;

and could be combined with the third cable -WC3.

4.3. Examples4.3.1. Switchboard with Sub-levels

With the Macro Objects it is also possible to draw several levels in the same switchboard (for

example, several thermomagnetic devices subordinate to a single residual current device).

1) Starting from the switchboard already defined in chapter4.2,add a Main second level

residual current CB Macro Object in the first free column from the Main second levelMacros. The special barring will be added directly on the load side of the main second level

device.

1) Main second level residual current circuit-breaker

2) Select the type of feeder to be shown from the GenericfeedersMacros,for example a

Generic Load feeder, CB with Overload and Short circuit protection. Hook the Macro

Object up to the barring on the load side of the residual current device.

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2) Feeders protected by thermomagnetic device

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4.3.2. Switchboard over Several PagesWhen a switchboard requires more space than the 11 columns available in the layout, the

procedure described in this chapter can be followed to show it over several pages.

1) After having drawn the part of the switchboard which can be shown on the present page, addthe Line departureMacro Object from the GeneralMacrosto the barring.

1) Board with link to page

2) Add a new page to the project with the Add Page command, available in the View menu

(or click over the icon on the left)

The settings of the current page, are also kept for the new page.

Chapter9.4 describes the settings available and how to change them should the new page

require this.

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3) On the new page, add the Line with arrival linkMacro Object from the General

Macros. The pointer of the mouse must be positioned so as to fall half-way down the first

column.

Once the barring has been added, DOC will ask which Departure line linkto connect it to

among those available.

The Departure line link sign follows thePage.Columnformat.In the case of an underlying image, the arrival line page link will be connected to link 1.11.

A description can be added to improve recognition of the links.

3

Dialog window to connect the Link to page

5) The line on the new page has been added. Now it is possible to continue drawing the board

on the new page!

Browsing through the Project Pages

When the project consists of several pages, it is possible to browse through these using the

Next pageand Previous pagecommands in the Viewmenu. The commands can alsobe carried out using the F12 and F11 function keys or by clicking over the icons shown on

the left.

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4.3.3. Diagram with More than One Distribution BoardIf the plant foresees several distribution boards, these can be drawn in a single diagram with

DOC.

A network consisting of dozens of boards and hundreds of circuit-breakers and cables,can take up a lot of the processor resources and require long processing times.

Should the calculation times become long, it is advisable to divide the project into

several files.

This is possible by simulating a board with a single generic load of equal power, net of

the demand factor, and putting the board removed back into a new file.

Simulate the network on the supply side in the new file by setting the supply data,

copying the results of the calculation, voltage and short-circuit current of the original

project.

1) A sub-board which supplies some feeders can be derived from the main distribution board.

The line from the main distribution board to the sub-distribution board is drawn by means ofthe Feeder line to sub-boardMacro Object in the MainfeedersMacrotoolbar.

The user can select the type of protection device to be used.

Feeder lines for sub-board

2) Add a new page as shown in the previous example.

3) On the new page, draw the Arrival line linkMacro Object from theGeneral Macros

toolbar. The pointer of the mouse must be centered half-way down the first column of the

layout.

Theprogram will ask to connect the Macro Object to the relative Departure line link.

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Arrival page

4)Draw the general device of the sub-board selecting it from the Macro Objects available in the

General Macrostoolbar.

5) Complete the sub-board with its feeder lines.

Sub-board with main switch-disconnector

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4.4. Drawing an MV LV Single line Diagram with Macro ObjectsOnce the MV Supply in the General plant propertieshas been selected, select the

Medium voltageicon in the Work flow tools toolbar.The Medium Voltage Macro Objects will now be visible and ready to be drawn.

First column and Last column Macro Objects

MVfeeders Macro Objects

MV bus-tie Macro Objects

You can only draw the Medium Voltage Single Objects and Macro Objects with the

Professional Profile and only if an MV supply has been selected.

In the case of other supplies, these Macro Objects are not visible.

Medium Voltage Macro Objects

Each Medium Voltage Macro Object represents a typical compartment of the Unimix

secondary distribution board.

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1) Select the compartment you want to use as arrival line from the utility company.

Arrival with typical P1A compartment

2) Draws the Medium Voltage diagram with the Macro Objects available, already preset to

make up a Unimix board, placing a typical compartment side by side with another.

MV switchgear with arrival line in P1A compartment, M (Measurement) compartment

and two P1Efeeders compartmentsseparated from the ASR bus-tie compartment

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3) Add the Transformerto get ready to draw the LV section of the plant.

4) Add a Vertical departure linelinkto the secondary winding of the Transformer.

5) MV switchgear with two transformers and two departure lines

5) Add a new page with the Add Pagecommand, available in the Viewmenu,or with theicon shown on the left.

6) Change the layout of the new page with the Change layout page sizecommand,

available in the View menu,or with the icon shown on the left.

Select the layout with low voltage columns.

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Changing the layout

7) In the Work flow area, select the Low Voltageicon to display the Low voltage MacroObjects.

8) On the new page, draw the Arrival line linkfrom the bar of the General Macro Objects.

The pointer of the mouse must be centered half-way down the first column of the layout. The

program will ask to connect the Line in from the page link to the appropriate link.

9) On the load side of the link, draw the LV cableSingle Object and define its main

characteristics in the dialog window.

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9) LV cable connected to a transformer secondary

10) Draws the main device from the bar of the General Macro Objects.

Arrival line from the MV-LV transformer with cable and main circuit-breaker

11)Complete the main low voltage switchboard with its feeders (cf. Chapters4.3.1,4.3.2,4.3.3

for further details on drawing low voltage electric diagrams).

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4.5. Drawing and Defining a Network UPS Generator Group ChangeoverBy selecting the Professional Profile, it is possible to define several power supplies in mutual

exclusion for the same plant.

1)Draw a network with MV-LV Trafo supply and where a Generator Single Object is also

present.

Example of diagram with two power supplies

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2) Use the Network configurations command in the Tools menu.

Network configurations window

3) Define the TRAFO configuration:

Double click over the text to rename the existing configuration inTRAFO;

Deselect the protection device which connects the Generator Single Object to the restof the network. In this way, in the TRAFO configuration, the generator will be

disconnected from the plant.

4) Define a new GENSET configuration: Click over the New button;

Assign the GENSET name to the new configuration;

Deselect the protection device which connects the supply to the rest of the network. Inthis way, in the GENSET configuration, the supply will be disconnected from the plant.

Network configurations: GENSET configuration

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5) Once the mask for defining the configurations is closed, a part of the network will be of a

different color according to the configuration selected.

The color indicates that a part of network is off, or not supplied (to change the colors or to

know their meaning, Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source not found.).

The unsupplied part of the network will not be considered in the calculation of this

configuration.

Single-line diagram: GENSET configuration

Single-line diagram: TRAFO configuration

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4.6. Modifying the DrawingThis chapter describes the most useful commands for modifying the single-line diagram

drawing.All the commands are available in the Editmenu.

Zoom In, Zoom Out and Pan with the mouse

The Zoom In, Zoom Outand Pancommands can be given using the mouse wheel:

this way the relative part of the diagram can be displayed rapidly with the right level of

detail.

The Zoom In and Zoom Out commands are, respectively, turning the mouse wheel

upwards and clinking downwards.

The Pan command is obtained by keeping the mouse wheel pressed and dragging the page.

Multiple selection by means of selection box

To select several Single Objects it is advisable to:

Disable any active command by pressing the Esc key.

Click over an empty point of the drawing.

Create a selection box which touches or completely includes the Single Objects to beselected.

The selection will consist of all the Single Objects touched or completely included in the

selection box according to the first click and to the direction in which the Single Objects are

selected.

If the first click is on the right of the Single Objects to be selected, DOC will add all

the Single Objects touched by the selection box to the Multiple selection.

If the first click is on the left of the Single Objects to be selected, DOC will add allthe Single Objects completely included in the selection box to the Multiple selection.

Multiple selection by means of clicking over the Single Objects to be selected

A multiple selection can be created by clicking over each Single Object you want to add to

the selection list. Once all the Single Objects wanted have been selected, select the Commandyou want to apply (for example, the Properties command)

Duplicate

The Duplicatecommand allows a Single Object or a Multiple selection of Single Objects

to be copied onto the same page of the drawing with just one command.

The predefined values of the original Single Objects will be copied into the duplicated SingleObjects.

Copypaste

The Copyand Pastecommands allow a Single Object or a Multiple selection of Single

Objects to be copied onto different pages of the drawing.

The predefined values of the original Single Objects will be indicated in the pasted SingleObjects.

Stretch

The Stretchcommand allows the length of Busbars and Connections to be modified.

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Connections stretched using the Stretch command

Add a text

To add the text notes to the single-line diagram, use the Text command in the Toolsmenu.

4.7. LabelsThe Labels are texts associated with each Single Object which allow the characteristics and

calculation results to be displayed, such as the Iz of a Cable, the Description of a Circuit-

breaker or the short-circuit current at a Busbar.

The position of the Labels depends on the layout.

Layout in columns

The layout in columns shows all the data relative to a Single Object in the layout underlyingit.

The contents of each compartment of the layout is explained in the caption at the bottom on

the left.

It is not possible to modify the layout and results displayed.

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Layout: Caption (first column on the left); data of a dimensioned feeder (green color) anddata of an undimensioned feeder (blue color)

Free Layout

The free layout shows some calculation results in the labels placed beside each Single Object.

Labels in a free configuration diagram; Window for Label Management

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Label Management

The Labels show the user the main data of each Single Object.

The Labels can be customized:

The list of data contained in the Label can be changed by the user with the LabelManagement command in the Edit menu. There are two predefined Label

configurations: one for the free diagram, the other for the layouts in columns. Special

Label configurations can be saved to then be used again in other projects.

The fixed text part of the Labels can be changed by the user with the Edit objectlabels command in the Edit menu.

Code of the circuit-breaker modified with the Modify labels command

Move the Labels

Using layouts A3, A2, A1 or A0, which allow free drawing of the single-line diagram, thelabels are shown beside the Single Objects.

When two or more labels are overlaid, it is possible to move them with the Move labels

command.

Modify the data shown on a Label

To modify the list of data shown on a Label, the Label Management command in the

Editmenu is used.

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Window for label management

The window for label management allows definition of which properties to display in the

diagram.

To modify the state of a property, first select the Single Object to be modified in the Objectmenu, then you can enable or disable a property on the list of Properties. The selection

effects all the Single Objects in the single-line diagram.

Furthermore, it is possible to save a label configuration by means of the Save

configuration button, to be able to use it again in another project.

The Board configuration diagram and Free configuration diagram options refer to the

two types of layout:

Board configuration diagram is the layout in columns, available in two variants: onefor LV plants and one for MV switchgear.

Free configuration diagram is the layout without columns, where the labels aredisplayed beside each Single Object.

Example of using label management: Display\Hide the padlock

The padlock icon (Cf. Chapter5.5)present in the Labels is used to make the Single Objects,

which have been locked by the user and that DOC cannot modify following a calculation,recognizable.

The symbol is very useful during design, but cannot be used during the printing stage.

It can therefore be useful to know how to manage the Labels to show or hide the padlock icon

according to the task you are carrying out.

This situation can be managed with two label configurations: With padlock

Without padlock

1) Launch the Label Management command from the Edit menu

2) Select the Switchboard configuration diagram or Free configuration diagram option

according to the layout being used

3) Activate the padlock for all the Single Objects. The padlock is managed by the STATE

properties.

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Label management: STATE label of the LV circuit-breaker

4) Save the configuration with the Save configuration button, assigning it whatever name

you like.

5) Disable the padlock for all the Single Objects.

6) Save the new configuration as described in point 4).

7) To display of the padlock, launch the Label management command from the Edit menu,

select the type of diagram used, switchboard or free, select the configuration where display of

the padlock is foreseen from the pull-down.

8) Once the two configurations described in point 4) and 7) have been created, you can rapidly

pass from one to the other by executing the Label management command and selecting the

desired configuration from the list at the top on the left.

Single-line diagram with the padlock visible and not visible

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5.Calculation and DimensioningThis chapter describes:

the DOC calculation potential;

results of the calculation;

verification of existing plants.


understand what is calculated by the program;

understand how the calculations are done;

solve most of incorrect situations highlighted by the program;

read the calculation results;

customize the program choices.

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5.1. Calculation and DimensioningWhen the single-line diagram drawing is completed and the data of the Single Objects have

been defined, it is possible to calculate the single-line diagram.

DOC is fitted with a powerful calculation engine able to automatically carry out long and

complex operations which would take a long time to carry out manually or using other less

powerful software.

In particular the DOC calculation engine is able to:

Verify correctness of the single-line diagram design

Calculate the load currents at all points of the diagram

Calculate the voltage drops

Balance single-phase - two-phase loads over the three phases

Calculate the power consumed by the supply and the power factor

Dimension the cables according to the calculated load currents and/or the voltage drops

Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all the cables have been correctly dimensioned

Calculate the maximum and minimum short-circuit currents at all points of the single-line diagram

Select the protection devices according to the load currents, short-circuit currents,protection of cables and people, and if required, coordinate the protection devices

(discrimination and/or back-up).

The calculation is done using the Calculate button of the Work flow toolbar. All the

calculation parameters are preset so as to satisfy the needs which are found in the most

common plants, therefore starting the calculation is immediate and does not require any

further decisions by the user.

Advanced Calculation Settings

Some parameters used in the calculation procedure can be modified by the user.

This operation is generally not indispensable because the parameters are preset so as to

satisfy the most common needs. Therefore, to view and modify these parameters it is

necessary to use the Options command in the Tools menu, and to select the Show

calculation settings before dimensioning box on the Calculation options page,

Modification of the advanced calculation options is only recommended for expert users andthose with special requirements. In fact, they regard:

Definition of the instants at which to calculate the short-circuit currents;

Tolerance over the power supply voltage; Reference temperature of the cables for calculation of the maximum short-circuit

currents;

Type of over-excitation of the generators present in the diagram;

Manual exclusion of the motor contributions in calculating the short-circuit currents.

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Minimum and Maximum short-circuit currents

DOC calculates the Minimum and Maximum short-circuit currents it all points of the

network.

Their difference is explained in the IEC 60909-0 Standard in chapters 2.4 and 2.5 (thedifferences are also given in DOC during printing in the Short-circuit Calculation

Hypotheses; 9.2.3).

It is important to underline that, with regard to the end-of-line fault currents, DOC calculates:

The Minimum fault currentin the cable, used for protection against indirect contacts

(Cf. Chapter6.1).

The Maximum fault currentin the switchboard on the load side of this line, used forselection of the Breaking Capacity of the protection devices installed in the switchboard.

Two different short-circuit values are therefore available at the end of the line , defined as

follows:

Maximumshort-circuit currents

To calculate the maximum short-circuit currents, the voltage factor cmax (equal to 1.05or 1.1);

The motors are included if their contribution is higher than 5% of the maximum short-circuit current calculated without this contribution;

The resistances of the lines (overhead and in cables) are taken at a temperature of 20C.

Minimumshort-circuit currents

To calculate the minimum short-circuit currents, the voltage factor cmin, equal to 0.95, isapplied;

The contribution of motors is excluded;

The resistances of the lines (overhead and in cables) are taken at a temperature of 80C.

The values of the cable resistance at 20C and at 80C can be printed by enabling the Table

ofLV cablesof the project documentation (Cf. Chapter9.2.4.).

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During calculation, a window is visible which shows the state of progress of the process.

Calculation Window

During calculation, messages may appear, when significant or abnormal situations occur.

The meaning of the main messages is explained in chapter5.2.

According to what is found by DOC, the Single Objects may change color in conformity with

the profile of the colors (Cf. chapter Error! Reference source not found..) on completion of

he calculation.

It may also occur that in some situations DOC is not able to select some switching and

protection devices.

The main cases which may occur are explained in chapter5.3.

The results available on completion of calculation and the methods for displaying these are

described in chapter4.7.

The main actions which can be taken on completion of the calculation to verify the results

and, where necessary, to modify the program selections are described in chapter5.5.

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5.2. Error MessagesThis chapter explains the most important and frequent error messages that can appear during

calculation.

The error messages which could appear during calculation are of two types:

Blocking messages: warn of a critical and incorrect situation which must be correctedbefore being able to proceed with the calculation.

Warning messages: draw the users attention to an anomalous or potentially incorrectsituation but do not block the calculation process.

Blocking messages

PhasesDistribution system not consistent in the highlighted ObjectsDOC verifies the congruence of the single-line diagram (for example: a single-phase

cable cannot supply a three-phase load).

Solutions: verify the phase and distribution system properties in the Single Objects

indicated. In the case of any discrepancies, cancel and draw new the Single Objects ormodify the Phase and Distribution system properties after having carried out a Multiple

selection (Cf. Chapter4.6)of the Single Objects involved.

Single-line diagram incorrect: it is necessary to add a power source between supplyand loads. Verify the Highlighted Objects

DOC needs at least one Single Object with impedance not nil (for example, a cable or a

busway) to be present between supply and loads.

Solution: verify that there is at least a cable or busway between the supply and the

loads.

Single-line diagram incorrect: it is necessary to add a power source between twosupplies. Verify the Highlighted Objects

DOC needs at least one Single Object with not nil impedance (for example, a cable or a

busway) to be present between two supplies which work in parallel.

Solution: verify that there is at least a cable or busway between the two power supplies.

Single-line diagram incorrect: some objects are short-circuited! Verify the

Highlighted Objects.DOC verifies that there are no branches with nil impedance in parallel with Single

Objects or branches of the plant: the latter would, in fact, not be passed through by

current and this is indication of an error in the single-line diagram drawing.

Solution: verify the connections between the two short-circuited Single Objects.

Single-line diagram incorrect: connections missing. Verify the Highlighted Objects

A part of the single-line diagram is not connected to the supply.

Solution: connect the Highlighted Single Objects to the supply.

Single-line diagram incorrect: links not connected. Verify the Highlighted Objects

A link has not been connected to the relative arrival.Solution: verify the link indicated and connect it to another link; should the link be

superfluous, cancel it.

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Warning messages

Voltage drop higher than the limit set for the highlighted Objects

DOCverifies that there is a voltage drop percentage no higher than 4% (or than the

value entered by the user) on each load and signals the loads for which the threshold has

been exceeded.

Solution: verify the sizes of cables on the supply side of the load involved.

The transformer highlighted is not dimensioned correctly: increase the size!

DOC verifies that the transformers are able to supply the power required by the plant.

The message generally appears when the transformers have been locked with a padlock,

otherwise DOC would be able to select another power transformer suitable for the load

required automatically.

Solution: Increase the size of the transformer, verify that the power of the loads and the

demand coefficients have been entered correctly.

These objects are not protected against overload \ short-circuit \ indirect contacts

DOC verifies that all the cables and switching devices are protected against faults (the

warning can be disabled in the window which communicates the warning).

Solution: It is not always necessary to take measures (for example, in the case ofmissing protection against overload in the emergency configurations): the user can

decide, under their own responsibility, to omit the protections when the Standards

and/or the characteristics of the plant allow this.

If necessary, add a protection device on the supply side of the unprotected object.

Attention: some supplies consume power instead of supplying it

DOC verifies if the flow of power goes from the supply to the loads. In the case of

several power supplies in parallel (generator and power supply) a generator may satisfy

the power required by the plant and also supply energy to the power supply.

Solutions: if you do not want the generator to supply energy to the power supply, verifythe size of the generator, the power of the loads and the demand coefficients.

If it is normal for the generator to supply power to the network in the plant, the message

is confirmation of this behavior. Attention: some supplies have lower rated power than the one required by the

plant

DOC verifies that the generators and the UPS are able to supply the power required by

the plant, comparing their rating plate data with the requirements of the loads (the

supply is considered to be a generator with infinite power).

Solution: in this order, verify the rating plate data of generators and UPS, the demand

coefficients and the power consumed by the loads.

In the highlighted cables the following dimensioning criteria are not verified:

- The carrying capacity is insufficient

- The voltage drop exceeds the limit set

DOC verifies that the locked cables (Cf. Chapter5.5)satisfy the carrying capacity and

voltage drop criteria.

Solutions: verify the cable data (length, insulation, method of installation) and the loaddata; or trip unit the cable and let DOC re-calculate the section.

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5.3. Failed Selection of Single ObjectsSometimes DOC is not able to find a valid product, or shows the products locked by the user

with the padlock as invalid.

The most frequent cause of failed selection or verification of a product are listed below and

can guide the user to modify the selection criteria appropriately.

If the Single Object is locked with the padlock, unlock it and restart the calculation.

Verify that the appropriate protections against indirect contacts with the power sourcesby means of residual current devices are present, when the distribution system is TT. It

may be impossible to ensure protection against indirect contacts with other protection

functions.

In the case where the fault current is high (over 15kA) and the section of cable to beprotected against short-circuit is less than 4 mm

2, try to restart the calculation after

having selected a cable with a larger section and having locked it with the padlock.

Verify that you are do not find yourself in one of the cases specified below, for which nosuitable products exist:

o 1P, 1P+N and 2P products in circuits with current higher than 125A (the 1P,

1P+N and 2P devices are of modular type and have a maximum rated current of

125A. It is necessary to select 3P, 3P+N or 4P devices.

o Residual current protection with rated current higher than 2000A (the maximumsize of an RCQ external toroid is 2000A).

o Fuses with rated current higher than 630A (the maximum rated current of thefuses managed by DOC is 630A).

o Fuses with breaking capacity higher than 100kA (the fuses have a breaking

capacity of 100kA. If DOC has calculated higher short-circuit currents, verify the

supply data, or select a circuit-breaker instead of a fuse).

o Circuit-breakers with breaking capacity higher than 200kA (The circuit-breakershave a breaking capacity maximum of 200kA. If DOC has calculated highershort-circuit currents, verify the supply data).

o Molded-case circuit-breakers with rated current higher than 160A to protect

residual current circuit-breakers (it is not possible to carry out protection ofresidual current circuit-breakers with molded-case type circuit-breakers with

rated current higher than 160A).

o Molded-case circuit-breakers with current lower than or equal to 160A to protectresidual current circuit-breakers with short-circuit current higher than 6kA

(molded-case circuit-breakers with rated current up to 160A can only protect

residual current circuit-breakers up to 6kA).

o Miniature circuit-breakers in circuits with current higher than >125A or breakingcapacity >25kA. In this case, remove the limit on the type of product and allow

selection of a molded-case type of circuit-breaker.

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If a fuse, or a switch-fuse, protects a cable, verify that the relation between Iz and Ib is atleast equal to 1.2 (Cf. Chapter6.1.1:a cable with Iz of 30A can only be protected by a

fuse up to 0.9 x 30A = 27A.

If a circuit-breaker protects a cable, verify that between Ib and Iz there is space to beable to select a size of product. For example,: if Ib is 26A and Iz is 30A it is not possible

to select a miniature circuit-breaker to protect these since the closest sizes are 25A,lower than Ib, and 32A, higher than Iz.

Verify that there are not too many objects protected by the same protection device (thewindow to display \ modify the list of the protections is described in Annex B).

For the circuit-breaker, verify that there are not too many simultaneous discrimination,back-up and cable protection restrictions. In this case, slacken one or more of the

restrictions.

Help for Failed Selection of Single Objects

In the case where it is not possible to achieve selection of a product using the suggestions

given above, you can the send the project file and a description of the anomaly to assistance

service which is at your disposal.

The address is as follows:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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5.4. Calculation and Dimensioning ResultsCalculation results

DOC calculates the following, both in low and in medium voltage:

Maximum short-circuit currents at all points of the single-line diagram.

Minimum short-circuit currents at the end of the line.

Phase and of neutral currents (in unbalanced networks) at all points of the single-linediagram.

Power factor on each line and at each busbar.

Active and reactive power required at the supply.

Dimensioning results

The program is able to select the following, both in low and in medium voltage:

The minimum sections of the cables which satisfy the following criteria:

o thermal according to the Standard selectedo voltage drop on the single line less than 4% (modifiable by the user)

The most economical protection apparatus (circuit-breakers, fuses) on the list oftechnically correct ABB products.

The most economical switching apparatus (disconnectors, contactors) on the list oftechnically correct ABB products.

Further results

Other results coming from a calculation:

Balancing unbalanced networks. The program applies an algorithm to move thesingle-phase and two-phase loads from one phase to the other, so that the consumption

of current on the supply side is as balanced as possible.

Dimensioning for the rated current of a transformer or generator. The Single Objects

placed on the load side of a transformer or generator will be dimensioned according tothe rated current of the secondary winding of the transformer or according to the rated

power of the generator, instead of to the current required by the plant.

This option is useful for those who possess machines dimensioned taking future

enlargements of the plants into consideration. Cables and switching and protection

devices will not have to be changed, with obvious savings in execution times and costs.

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5.5. Changing the Dimensioning Results.This chapter will explain how to modify the selections made automatically by the program.

Locking and Unlocking Single Objects

During the stage of modifying the program selections after dimensioning, the most important

commands, are those which allow a Single Object to be Locked or Unlocked.

The Lock objects command modifies the calculation settings, so that at the next

dimensioning, the locked Single Object is only checked and not modified by DOC.

The locked Single Objects behave as follows:

Object Effect of the lock

Cable The section is not re-calculated.

Protection device The product is not changed with a more economical one.Switching device The product is not changed with a more economical one.

Transformer The size is not re-calculated according to the loads.

Load The single-phase loads are not connected to a different phase in

order to minimize the unbalance.

The Unlock objects command resets the calculation settings, so that at the next

dimensioning, the unlocked Single Object is selected by DOC.

The unlocked Single Objects behave as follows:

Object Effect of the lock

Cable DOC re-calculates the section, optimizing it according to the

voltage drop and the carrying capacity

Protection device The most economical product among those technically suitable is

proposed.

Switching device The most economical product among those technically suitable is

proposed.

Transformer The size is re-calculated according to the loads.

Load If this is single-phase, it can be connected to a different phase to

minimize the unbalance.

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Changing a product

The automatic selections made by DOC cannot take into account every single requirement of

all the program users!

To change a product proposed by DOC, simply:

Enter the Single Object Properties window. Click over the Select >>> button

Navigate the tree to find the desired product.

Lock the desired product with the padlock.

Entering the selection window, the list of products displayed considers the technical selection

filters of the product (for example, circuit-breakers with breaking capacity lower than the

short-circuit current will not be shown).

If the desired product is not on the list, remove the technical filters by selecting the Free

selection option at the top on the left.

Select >> button in a circuit-breaker window

At the next calculation, DOC will verify the locked product instead of selecting a new

product.

Changing cable sizes

DOC selects the cable sections according to the Standard, to the carrying capacity of the

cable and to the voltage drop.

Changing the cable sections, for example, to verify a cable already installed, is possible byentering the cable Properties window.

In this window, select the most suitable sections for your situation and lock the selection with

the padlock.

Modifying the size of a cable changes the impedance of the cable itself and therefore the

voltage and short-circuit values on the load side of the cable.

New values of the short-circuit currents could invalidate the selections relative to the

protection devices already selected: it is therefore necessary to re-calculate the whole

single-line diagram !

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6.Verification and ProtectionsThis chapter describes:

verifications of the overload, short-circuit, indirect contacts and discrimination from a theoretical viewpoint;

the verifications carried out by the program.


understand the overload, short-circuit, indirect contacts and discrimination verifications;

use the curves module to carry out overload, short-circuit, indirect contacts and discrimination verifications.

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6.1. Verifications and ProtectionsThis chapter describes how to verify cable protection and the discrimination criteria by means

of the module dedicated to drawing the curves.

6.1.1. Description of the ProtectionsDOC verifies the protections against the following in real time:

Overload (hereinafterOL).

Short-circuit (hereinafterSC).

Indirect contacts in TT systems (hereinafterNDT-TT).

Indirect contacts in TN systems (hereinafter NDT-TN).

The protection criteria are defined in the standard IEC 60364-4-43:

Overload (IEC 60364-4-43Standard Chapter 433):

- The set current of the protection device (In) must be between the service current(Ib) and the carrying capacity of the power source (Iz).

IzInIb - The threshold of guaranteed tripping of the protection device must be less than

1.45 times the carrying capacity of the power source.

IzI 45.12 where:

Ib= Service current.

Iz= Carrying capacity in permanent regime of the power source.In= Current set of the protection device (for non-adjustable protection devices,

this coincides with the rated current).

I2 = Current which ensures effective operation of the protection devicewithin the prearranged time under defined conditions.

Current for Guaranteed Circuit-breaker Tripping and Fuse intervention

For construction characteristics, the I2current for guaranteed tripping is:

- Always less than or equal to In45.1 for circuit-breakers

- Equal to In6.1 for fuses.

It follows that:

- A circuit-breaker is able to protect a cable against overload over the whole of its

carrying capacity, making the verification superfluous IzI 45.12 - In a fuse, the most strict condition is verification on I2. Replacing I2with the value

In6.1 , you obtain:

IzIn 45.16.1 From which it follows that:

IzIn 906.0 In other words, protection of a cable against overload by means of a fuse does not allow

use of this cable up to its carrying capacity, but only up to about the 90% of its carrying

capacity.

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Short-circuit (IEC 60364-4-43 Standard Chapter 434):

o The specific energy let-through by the protection device is lower than the specificenergy supported by the cable for all the current values from Ib to the maximum

short-circuit current.

With DOC, the verification is carried out graphically by comparing the curve of the

specific energy let through by the circuit-breaker (I2t) and the curve of the maximum

energy which can be supported by the cable (K2S2) and verifying that there are nointersections in the range of currents defined by the Standard.

Diagram of energy: comparison of the curves of a circuit-breaker (blue) with a completely

protected cable (black) and a partially protected cable (red)

Indirect contacts in TT systems (IEC 60364-4-43 Standard Chapter 413):

o The contact voltage is less than 50 [V] i.e.:

50IaRa where:

RA[] = Sum of the resistances of the ground plate and protection conductors ofthe exposed conductive parts.

IA[A] = Current which causes automatic operation of the protection device (if theprotection device is of the residual current type, IAis the rated Idn residual current).

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Modifying the RAValue

As described in the previous paragraph, RA is given by the sum of two resistances: theground plate and the protection conductors of the exposed conductive parts.

Ground plate: its value is defined in the General plant properties (cf. Chapter3.2).If necessary, it is possible to set a different value of the ground plate for each single

feeder in the Protected Objects window of the protection device (LV circuit-

breaker, LV Fuse, Residual current circuit-breaker) placed on the supply side of

the feeder itself.

Protection conductors of the exposed conductive parts: the value of the resistance of

the conductors is calculated by the program according to the type of cable and its

section. The values of the conductor resistances can be

o Consulted in the LV cable properties (Cf. Annex B);o Printed in theTable ofLV cables9.2.4).

Indirect contacts in TN systems (IEC 60364-4-43 Standard Chapter 413)::

o The trip threshold of the protection device must be lower than the fault current at the

end of the PhaseGround line, i.e.:

UoIaZs where:

ZS[] = Impedance of the fault ring which includes the source, the live conductoras far as the fault point and the protection conductor between the fault point and the

source (in DOC, this type of fault is called L-PE, i.e. between phase and

protection conductor).

IA[A] = Current which causes automatic operation of the protection device withinthe time defined in the following table (if the protection device is of residual current

type, IA is the rated residual current Idn).

Uo [V] Trip time [s]120 0.8

230 0.4

400 0.2

>400 0.1

U0[V] = Effective value of the rated voltage between phase and ground.

DOC calculates the value ZsUo , indicated as Icc L-PE (short-circuit fault

current between Phase and Protection conductor). The verification carried out is

therefore:

PEIccL Im where:

IM[A] = is the current which causes protection device tripping within the scheduledtripping time.

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Indirect contacts in IT systems (IEC 60364-4-43 Standard Chapter 413):

o In IT systems the live part of the network is electrically insulated from theexposed conductive parts, therefore the circuit of any possible ground fault

can only be re-closed in capacitive couplings between live conductors and

exposed conductive parts or groundings (as in the diagram below).

The value of these capacitive couplings cannot easily be calculated, makingit impossible to give a value to the impedance of the fault ring and therefore

to the current which passes through it.

Circuit of a ground fault in a IT system

Not knowing the value of the first ground fault, DOC is not able to verify

the protection against indirect contacts.

Remember that, in any case, the above-mentioned Standard foresees the use

of an insulation control device to indicate appearance of an initial fault

between a live part of the network and exposed conductive parts or ground.

The same Standard does not impose protection against indirect contacts in

IT systems by means of automatic interruption of the power supply.

The parameters used for verification of protection against indirect contacts can be modified in

the General plant propertieswindow (Cf. Chapter3.2).

Further Information about Protection against Indirect Contacts

For further information, we recommend consulting the QT3 - Distribution systems and

protection against indirect contacts and ground faults guide for more details on the subject.

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6.1.2. Protection devicesThe protection devices are able to supply the types of protection listed in the table below.

Protection deviceOL SC

NDT-

TN

NDT-

TT

Thermomagnetic circuit-breaker X X X

Thermomagnetic circuit-breaker with residual

currentX X X X

Magnetic only circuit-breaker X X

Magnetic only circuit-breaker with residual

currentX X X

Residual current circuit-breaker X

Fuse X X X

Switch-fuse X X X

Thermomagnetic Manual motor starter X X X

Magnetic only Manual motor starter X X

Thermal trip unit X

DOC automatically assigns cable protection to the most suitable device on the supply side.

However, it is possible to modify the program selections by pressing the Advanced Options

>>> or Protected Objects buttons which are always present in the windows dedicated to

each protection device.

Removal of the protection restrictions of switching devices or power sources might leave

these objects unprotected in the case of a fault.

We recommend using this option very carefully.

Window for assigning the protections.

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6.1.3. Verifying Protections

Curves Module Manual

This Chapter only contains basic indications about using the curves module.

For a detailed explanation on how to set the trip units and on the functionalities of the

application, please consult the Curves Manual user guide in the DOCHelpmenu.

Verification of the protections is carried out with the curves module, which is enabled by

clicking over the icon shown on the left and which is located in the Work flow tools

toolbar.

Once the command is given, DOC shows a new work environment where it is possible to

work on the curves of the devices present in the diagram and on all the settings available.

Main curves module window.

The Relations, i.e. the list of protections verified by DOC, are shown in the lower part ofthe screen.

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The Relationswindow is divided into four columns:

Object on the supply side (protection device, a circuit-breaker or a fuse).

Object on the load side (object protected, typically a cable).

Verification calculation carried out by DOC (the calculation is done in real time as soon

as a curve is modified and in conformity with the criteria expressed previously). Present state of the verification.

If a protection relation is satisfied, the text which describes it is black and the state is OK.

If a protection relation fails, the text which describes it is red and the state is Failed.

You can print the results of all the verifications made by DOC in the Report of protections

(Cf. Chapter9.2.9).

Examples of satisfactory and failed verifications

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6.1.4. Modifying VerificationsWhen a protection relation fails you can proceed according to the indications given below to

understand the reasons for this and to take the appropriate measures to make it satisfactory.

Verification of protection against overload

Verification of overload

Select the failed verification by ticking its box;

The curves module will show the Time-Current diagram (I-t);

The protection device and the cable the verification refers to will be shown;

Double click over the curve of the protection device;

Modify the setting of the thermal threshold (L threshold) until the current set between

Ib (load current) and Iz (carrying capacity of the cable) is made to fall;

The color of the message will change in real time from red to black, when the protectionrelation has been verified.

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Verification of protection against short-circuit

Verification of short-circuit


The curves module will show the diagram of the specific let-through energy (I-I2t); The protection device and the cable the verification refers to will be shown;

There may be circuit-breakers of large size and fitted with a microprocessor trip unit: in

this case enable functions S and I of the microprocessor trip unit and modify the

setting until the circuit-breaker curve is completely under the cable curve;


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Verification of protection against indirect contacts

Verification of indirect contacts


The curves module will show the Phase-ground fault currentTime (I-t LPE) diagram Select the circuit-breaker curve by clicking over it;

Click over the min Ik icon: the command makes a vertical straight line appear in the

diagram which represents the fault current at the end of the line. A positive verification

is obtained when the magnetic threshold of the circuit-breaker is on the left of the fault

current at the end of the line;

Lower the magnetic threshold of the thermomagnetic trip units, or enable thresholds Sor I of the microprocessor trip units and use sufficiently low setting values;


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Verification of discrimination

Verification of short-circuit

Discrimination is achieved when both the following conditions are satisfied:

The circuit-breakers have been selected by assigning them the discrimination restrictionin the single-line diagram (Cf. Annex B, LV circuit-breaker chapter).

The curve of the circuit-breaker on the supply side, in the Time-Current diagram, doesnot intersect the one of the circuit-breaker on the load side.

When the program notifies failed discrimination verification, it is advisable to proceed as

described below:


The curves module will show the Time-Current diagram (I-t)

Double click over the circuit-breaker on the supply side, by accessing the mask forsetting its trip unit.

If

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