Naipunnya Institute of Management and Information Technology
(NIMIT), located at Koratty, in Thrissur district of Kerala, is an
aided co-educational college. The college was established in 1998
by Naipunnya Charitable Soceity. The college is well
infrastructured with all modern amenities within an excellent
teaching and learning atmosphere. NIMIT is affiliated to the
University of Calicut and offers several undergraduate and post
graduate courses in science and management studies.Besides, the
collegeconducts a craftsmanship course in catering management.
Affiliated to:University of Calicut
Courses:
Undergraduate:The college offers the following undergraduate
courses: BA-IHA (International Hospitality Administration) B Com
(Computer Applications) BSc B Sc (Hotel Management, Catering,
Travel & Tourism B Sc (Hons) B Sc (Hons) Computer Science B Sc
(Hons) International Hospitality Management BA BBA
Post Graduate:The college offers the following post graduate
courses: M ComEligibility:
Undergraduate:Candidates who have passed their 10+2 level
examination from Kerala State Examination Board, or its equivalent,
in any discipline and possessing good communication skills are
eligible for the BA (IHA)/B.Sc (Hotel Management and Catering
Science)/BBA/B.Com courses offered here. Those who have completed
the same with Mathematics as an optional subject are eligible to
apply for the B.Sc (Computer Science) courses offered here.
Post Graduate:Graduates in relevant science subjects are
eligible for the M.Sc courses offered here. Candidates with B.Com,
BBA. BBM, or BBS degree from any recognized University/Institution
under UGC or AICTE with minimum 45% marks can apply for the M.Com
courses offered here.Admission Procedure:
Undergraduate:Admission of the selected candidates is done on
the basis of percentage of marks obtained by them in the 10+2 level
and as per the norms of the University of Calicut.
Post Graduate:Admission into post graduate programs is made as
per the norms of the University of Calicut.Facilities: Library
Computer Lab Internet Facility Training Restaurant and Mock Bar
Food & Beverage Production Lab Language Lab Hostels Maintenance
and Engineering Workshop Training & Placement Cell Social
Service Programme Executive Grooming Programme (EGP) Womens Cell
Anti Ragging Cell Parents Teachers Well-wishers Association (PTWA)
Cultural Forum
Contact Address:Naipunnya Institute of Management and
Information TechnologyPonagamKoratty EastThrissur - 680
308KeralaPhone:+91-487-2733573,
2730341Email:[email protected]:http://www.naipunnya.orgGoogle
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Hotel Management Colleges in India
BBA Colleges in India
BBA Colleges in Kerala
Commerce Colleges in India
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Universities in Kerala
Careers in Tourism, Hospitality and Aviation
Careers in Science, Engineering & Computer Applications
Careers in Management
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Institute of Management and Information TechnologyNaipunnya
Institute of Management and Information Technology ,Thrissuris a
self-financed College that was established in the year 1998. The
college is affiliated to the University of Calicut and approved by
the Government of Kerala. The NIMIT was Awarded the Best Hotel
Management College by the Department of Tourism, Govt. of Kerala in
the year 2004.The College is under certification of the ISO
9001-2008 for exemplary standards in education and student
training.Naipunnya in Sanskrit means dexterity or mastery Naipunnya
as the name signifies, aims at professionalism, discipline and a
holistic development of the student.VisionNaipunnya Institute of
Management and Information Technology (NIMIT) is a center of
excellence where the best in humans is unveiled through
predetermined and structured teaching-learning methodologies. NIMIT
is an Institution which imparts premium professional education at
affordable cost.Irrespective of the students background they are
groomed to be Kings and Queens of their future.The Institute
provides an environment that is conducive to meet the needs of each
student fosters quality education and continually helps in
developing self-confidence and a positive self-image in
them.MissionWith innovative and quality training programmes in
Hotel Management, Information Technology, and Commerce, we mould
students into successful and vibrant professionals by providing
them with a perfect launching pad with an added competitive edge to
explore all possible avenues in their disciplines. In the brave new
world of globalization, NIMIT tries to become a dynamic center to
achieve excellence by training the youth with personal integrity,
professional ingenuity and social commitment. The motto rings loud
and clear To Reach The Unreachable.Course Offered M.Sc B.Sc B.Com (
Bachelor in Commerce) M.Com ( Master in Commerce) BCA (Bachelor of
Computer Application) MBA ( Master of Business Administration) BBA
(Bachelor of Business Administration) Craftsmanship CourseNaipunnya
Institute of Management and Information Technology Departments
Hotel Management & Catering Science Hotel Management &
Culinary Arts Catering Management Computer Science Finance Computer
Applications International FinanceNaipunnya Institute of Management
and Information Technology Facilities Library Training Restaurant
and Mock Bar Food & Beverage Production Lab Front Office
Auditorium Training & Placement CellNaipunnya Institute of
Management and Information Technology Admission
ProcedureEligibility For B.Sc: A pass in 10+2 or equivalent
(eligible for higher studies) with a minimum 27 GPV and good
communication skills.Eligibility For M.Sc: A pass in BSc. Computer
Science/BCA/BSc. IT with at least 50% marks.Eligibility For M.Com
(International Finance): B.Com/BBA/BBM or BBS degree of any
University or Institution recognized by UGC or AICTE with a minimum
of 45 % marks.Eligibility For MBA: Any degree recognized by the UGC
or AICTE with not less than 50% marks in aggregate including the
marks of languages if any.A good score in Management Aptitude Test
(MAT) conducted by AIMA.Eligibility ForB.Com / BBA: A pass in 10+2
or equivalent (eligible for higher studies) with a minimum 24
GPV.Eligibility For BCA /B.Sc :A pass in 10+2 or equivalent
(eligible for higher studies) and Maths as one of the optional
subjects.For More Details
:http://www.naipunnya.ac.in/Courses.aspxNaipunnya Institute of
Management and Information Technology Contact DetailsNaipunnya
Institute of Management and Information TechnologyNaipunnya Group
of Educational InstitutionsPonagam, Koratty East, Thrissur
District,Kerala State, India. Pin 680 308Phone no :0091 480
2733573, 2730341Email: [email protected] /
[email protected] Website:www.naipunnya.ac.in
Naipunnya Institute of Management and Information Technology
,Thrissur .In Sanskrit Naipunnya means dexterity or mastery
Naipunnya as the name signifies, aims at professionalism,
discipline and a holistic development of the student.
Naipunnya Institute of Management And Information Technology is
affiliated by University of Kerala.
Institute is unique in its approach towards professionalism
whereby even those from the lower economic strata get a platform to
forge their skills and potentials. With innovative and quality
training programmes in Hotel management, I.T and Commerce.
The Institute is unique in its approach towards professionalism
whereby even those from the lower economic strata get a platform to
sharp their skills and potentials.
The colleges infrastructure is well furnished with all modern
facilities. All labs are equipped with latest equipments. All the
classrooms of the college are well furnished. The college has a
well-stocked library.
A variety of teaching and learning techniques are employed to
impart knowledge and skills to students at this institute.
Hostel FacilitiesNAHostel facility is available
College buzz
NANA
Top of FormBottom of FormColleges|Coaching CentersCopyright
2014. All Rights Reserved.Disclaimer|AbThe establishment of MES
College, Marampally is a fruitful fulfillment of a long cherished
dream of theMuslim Educational Society. M.E.S. has recognized the
relevance of job oriented courses, as emphasized in the New
Educational Policy, and it has risen to the occasion by setting up
a premier institution of professional nature in the district, there
by ushering radical changes in the paradigms of higher education.
To work for the educational, social and economic advancement of the
people of India in all possible ways.To promote higher and
technical education and improve the standard and quality of
education among the people in general, minorities and backward
classes in particular.
Classes will be from 09:30 AM to 03:30 PM.
Attendance will be marked by the teacher at the beginning of
every period.
The annual certificate of attendance and progress will not be
granted if the student fails to secure the attendance prescribed
for the course.
Application for leave should be submitted to the Head of the
Departments concerned. In case of sickness for more than three
consecutive days application for the same should be supported by
medical certificate.
A student absenting without leave for more than ten consecutive
working days will have his I her name removed from the rolls and
he/she may be readmitted only on payment of all fee dues with
fine.
Students should get 75% of attendance of the year, failing which
the deficiency will be condoned only when the Syndicate is
satisfied that the absence was for reasons beyond the control of
the students.
Students of M.E.S.College, Marampally shall try their best to
uphold the honour and prestige of the institution by humility,
fellow feeling and hard work. They should endeavour to create an
atmosphere conducive to academic, cultural and social progress.
Students shall maintain cordial relationship with the members of
the staff and they must work for developing their innate talents
and personality.
Every student shall use the property of the institution with
care and keep the building and premises clean.
Students should protect and preserve the institution with care
and other properties inside the campus.
Misbehavior towards fellow students, the members of the staff,
smoking and drunkenness, general neglect of studies or any activity
which adversely affect the discipline of the campus will be
considered as serious offences.
Students should desist from organizing any meeting or collecting
money for any purpose or circulating notice without the prior
sanction of the Principal.
Students should come to the campus wearing the stipulated
uniform. Partial or complete non-observance of the decree will not
be tolerated.
Duty leave will not be granted to students for union
activities.
Students are expected to spend their free hours in the
library/reading room observing silence.
As per the Kerala ragging prohibition act 1998, any form of
ragging - physical or mental- is an offence. Ragging is banned
inside and outside the premises of the college.
Use of mobile phones inside the campus is prohibited; students
may use the telephone facility provided by the college.
In case the student violates any of the rules scheduled above,
the Principal is empowered to present the matter before the college
staff council, who on the part can, after proper investigation,
recommend further action from the head of the institution.
It is mandatory requirements to bring and wear the students'
identity card everyday inside the campus.
There shall be a Students Grievance Redressal Committee
constituted by the Principal. The chairman of the said committee
shall be the Principal. The committee shall consists three teachers
nominated by the college council of whom one shall be a lady
teacher. The chairman of the college union as well as the secretary
shall be the ex-officio members of the said committee. The
committee shall meet once in a every month and evaluate the steps
taken or frame guidelines or general instructions or directions for
the maintenance of peaceful atmosphere in the campus.
(As per M.G.University order No. 162/04/2/dt 16/2/05)
The following are the General rules to be followed in the
Computer, Electronics, Biotechnology, Internet and Language
Lab.
Students should involve in the lab work in the most disciplined
fashion. They should realize that Lab hours are the stepping stones
to an intimate understanding of the subject and further
research.
Students should maintain silence and cleanliness within the
Lab.
All equipment should be handled with care and utmost
responsibility.
No equipment should be displaced from its original position.
Strict action will be taken if any article is stolen from the
Lab.
If any equipment or apparatus is broken out of carelessness, the
student will have to pay a fine.
Students should sign the logbook at the commencement of the lab
hour.
All members of the staff and students are entitled to use the
library for reference and borrowing books.
The library will be kept open from 09.30 AM to 04.30 PM.
Students of each course have been assigned a particular day of a
week for borrowing renewing returning books.
The students shall register their names in the Register book
before borrowing books. Students will be allotted a limited number
of books for a specified time.
A fine of Rs. 1/- per day will be charged from those who fail to
return their books on their respective due date.
Students are advised to report any defect or damage in the book
before it has been given to them. Otherwise it will be presumed
that the book was without damage at the time it was issued. If a
book I periodical is damaged by a member he she will have to
replace it or pay the cost of the book periodical.
Sustainable developmentFrom Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia[hide]This article has multiple issues.Please
helpimprove itor discuss these issues on thetalk page.
This articlepossibly containsoriginal research.(May 2014)
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(May
2014)
This articlereads like aneditorial or opinion piece.(May
2014)
This articlelendsundue weightto certain ideas, incidents, or
controversies.(May 2014)
Sustainable developmentis aroad-map, anaction plan, for
achievingsustainabilityin any activity that uses resources and
where immediate and intergenerational replication is demanded. As
such, sustainable development is theorganizing principlefor
sustaining finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of
future generations of life on the planet. It is a process that
envisions a desirable future state for human societies in which
living conditions and resource-use continue to meet human needs
without undermining the "integrity, stability and beauty" of
naturalbiotic systems.[1]Contents[hide] 1Sustainability and
Sustainable Development 2Definition 3History 4Domains 5Ecology
5.1Agriculture 5.2Energy 5.3Environment 5.4Transportation
5.4.1Improve public transit 5.4.2Encourage walking and biking
5.4.3Increase the cost of car ownership and gas taxes 6Economics
6.1Business 6.2Architecture 7Culture 8Politics 9Themes 9.1Progress
9.2Measurement 9.3Natural capital 9.4Business as usual 10See also
11Further reading 12References 13External linksSustainability and
Sustainable Development[edit]Main article:SustainabilityAs a
working definition, sustainability can be defined as the practice
of maintaining processes of productivity indefinitelynatural or
human madeby replacing resources used with resources of equal or
greater value without degrading or endangering natural biotic
systems.[2]According to M. Hasna, sustainability is a function of
social, economic, technological and ecological
themes.[3]Sustainable development ties together concern for
thecarrying capacityofnatural systemswith the social, political,
and economic challenges faced by humanity. As early as the 1970s,
the concept of "sustainability" was employed to describe an
economy"in equilibrium with basic ecological support
systems."[4]Scientists in many fields have highlightedThe Limits to
Growth,[5][6]and economists have presented alternatives, for
example a 'steady state economy';[7]to address concerns over the
impacts of expanding human development on the planet.The
termsustainable developmentrose to significance after it was used
by theBrundtland Commissionin its 1987 reportOur Common Future. In
the report, the commission coined what has become the most
often-quoted definition of sustainable development: "development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own
needs."[8][9]TheUnited Nations Millennium Declarationidentified
principles and treaties on sustainable development,
includingeconomic development,social developmentandenvironmental
protection.Definition[edit]
The natural resource ofwindpowers these 5MWwind turbineson
thiswind farm28 km off the coast ofBelgium.TheUnited NationsWorld
Commission on Environment and Development(WCED) in its 1987
reportOur Common Futuredefines sustainable development:
"Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs."[8]Under the principles of theUnited Nations
ChartertheMillennium Declarationidentified principles and treaties
on sustainable development, including economic development, social
development and environmental protection. Broadly defined,
sustainable development is a systems approach to growth and
development and to manage natural, produced, andsocial capitalfor
the welfare of their own and future generations.The concepts of
sustainable development and sustainability derive from the older
forestry term "sustained yield", which, in turn, is a translation
of the German term "nachhaltiger Ertrag" dating from
1713.[10]Sustainability scienceis the study of the concepts of
sustainable development and environmental science. There is an
additional focus on the present generations' responsibility to
regenerate, maintain and improve planetary resources for use by
future generations.[11]History[edit]Main article:History of
sustainabilityThe concept of "sustainable development" has its
roots in forest management as early as the 12th to 16th
centuries.[12]However, over the last five decades the concept has
significantly broadened. The first use of the termsustainablein the
contemporary sense was by theClub of Romein 1972 in its classic
report on the "Limits to Growth", written by a group of scientists
led byDennisandDonella Meadowsof theMassachusetts Institute of
Technology. Describing the desirable "state of global equilibrium",
the authors used the word "sustainable": "We are searching for a
model output that represents a world system that is: (1)
sustainable without sudden and uncontrolled collapse and (2)
capable of satisfying the basic material requirements of all of its
people."[10][11] In 1980, theInternational Union for the
Conservation of Naturepublished a world conservation strategy that
included one of the first references to sustainable development as
a global priority.[13] In 1982, theUnited NationsWorld Charter for
Natureraised five principles ofconservationby which human conduct
affecting nature is to be guided and judged.[14] In 1987, theUnited
NationsWorld Commission on Environment and Developmentreleased the
reportOur Common Future, now commonly named the 'Brundtland Report'
after the commission's chairperson, the then Prime Minister of
NorwayGro Harlem Brundtland. The report included what is now one of
the most widely recognised definitions: "Sustainable development is
development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs."[15]The Brundtland Report goes on to say that sustainable
development also contains within it two key concepts:1. The concept
of "needs," in particular, the essential needs of the world's poor,
to which overriding priority should be given; and2. The idea of
limitations imposed by the state of technology and social
organization on the environment's ability to meet present and
future needs.[15]In 1992, theUN Conference on Environment and
Developmentpublished in 1992 theEarth Charter, which outlines the
building of a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the
21st century. The action planAgenda 21for sustainable development
identified information, integration, and participation as key
building blocks to help countries achieve development that
recognizes these interdependent pillars. It emphasises that in
sustainable development everyone is a user and provider of
information. It stresses the need to change from old
sector-centered ways of doing business to new approaches that
involve cross-sectoral co-ordination and the integration of
environmental and social concerns into all development processes.
Furthermore, Agenda 21 emphasises that broad public participation
in decision making is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving
sustainable development.[16]The UNCommission on Sustainable
Developmentintegrated sustainable development into the UN
System.Indigenous peopleshave argued, through various international
forums such as the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous
Issues and theConvention on Biological Diversity, that there
arefourpillars of sustainable development, the fourth being
cultural. TheUniversal Declaration on Cultural Diversityfrom 2001
states: "...cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as
biodiversity is for nature; it becomes one of the roots of
development understood not simply in terms ofeconomic growth, but
also as a means to achieve a more satisfactory intellectual,
emotional, moral and spiritual existence".[17]The proposed changes
were supported by a study in 2013, which concluded that
sustainability reporting should be reframed through the lens of
four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and
culture.[18]Domains[edit]See also:Planetary boundariesandOutline of
sustainabilityDifferent domains have been identified for research
and analysis of sustainable development. Broadly defined, these
include ecology, economics, politics and culture as used by the
United Nations and a number of other international
organizations.[19]Ecology[edit]This sectionpossibly
containsoriginal research.Pleaseimprove itbyverifyingthe claims
made and addinginline citations. Statements consisting only of
original research should be removed.(April 2014)
See also:Ecological engineering
Ecological footprint for different nations compared to their
Human Development Index (HDI)The ecological sustainability of human
settlements is part of the relationship between humans and their
natural, social andbuilt environments.[20]Also termedhuman ecology,
this broadens the focus of sustainable development to include the
domain of human health. Fundamental human needs such as the
availability and quality of air, water, food and shelter are also
the ecological foundations for sustainable
development;[21]addressing public health risk through investments
inecosystem servicescan be a powerful and transformative force for
sustainable development which, in this sense, extends to all
species.[22]Agriculture[edit]See also:Sustainable
agricultureSustainable agriculture may be defined as consisting
ofenvironmentally-friendlymethods of farming that allow the
production of crops or livestock without damage to human or natural
systems. More specifically, it might be said to include preventing
adverse effects to soil, water, biodiversity, surrounding or
downstream resourcesas well as to those working or living on the
farm or in neighboring areas. Furthermore, the concept of
sustainable agriculture extends intergenerationally, relating to
passing on a conserved or improved natural resource, biotic, and
economic base instead of one which has been depleted or
polluted.[23]Some important elements of sustainable agriculture
arepermaculture,agroforestry,mixed farming,multiple cropping,
andcrop rotation.[24]Numeroussustainability standards and
certificationsystems have been established in recent years to meet
development goals, thus offering consumer choices for sustainable
agriculture practices. Well-known food standards
includeorganic,Rainforest Alliance,Fair Trade,UTZ Certified, Bird
Friendly, and theCommon Code for the Coffee
Community(4C).[25][26]Energy[edit]Main articles:Smart
gridandSustainable energySustainable energy is the sustainable
provision of energy that is clean and lasts for a long period of
time. Unlike the fossil fuel that most of the countries are using,
renewable energy only produces little or even no pollution.[27]The
most common types of renewable energy in US are solar and wind
energy,solar energyare commonly used on public parking meter,
street lights and the roof of buildings.[28]On the other hand,wind
energyis expanding quickly in recent years, which generated 12,000
MW in 2013. The largest wind power station is in Texas and followed
up by California.[29][30]Household energy consumption can also be
improved in a sustainable way, like using electronic with energy
star logo, conserving water and energy. Most of Californias fossil
fuel infrastructures are sited in or near low-income communities,
and have traditionally suffered the most from Californias fossil
fuel energy system. These communities are historically left out
during the decision- making process, and often end up with dirty
power plants and other dirty energy projects that poison the air
and harm the area. These toxins are major contributors to
significant health problems in the communities. While renewable
energy becomes more common, the government begins to shut down some
of the fossil fuel infrastructures in order to consume renewable
energy and provide a better social equity to the specific
community.[31]Environment[edit]See also:Environmental
engineeringandEnvironmental technology
Only 2.5% of the Earth'swateris freshwater, and 98.8% of that
water is in ice and groundwater. Image:Apollo 17.Beyond ecology as
the intersection of humansinthe environment, environmental
sustainability concerns thenatural environmentand how it endures
and remains diverse and productive. SinceNatural resourcesare
derived from the environment, the state of air, water, and the
climate are of particular concern. TheIPCC Fifth Assessment
Reportoutlines current knowledge about scientific, technical and
socio-economic information concerning climate change, and lists
options foradaptationandmitigation.[32]Environmental sustainability
requires society to design activities to meet human needs while
preserving the life support systems of the planet. This, for
example, entails using water sustainably, utilizing renewable
energy, and sustainable material supplies (e.g. harvesting wood
from forests at a rate that maintains the biomass and
biodiversity).An "unsustainable situation" occurs whennatural
capital(the sum total of nature's resources) is used up faster than
it can be replenished. Sustainability requires that human activity
only uses nature's resources at a rate at which they can be
replenished naturally. Inherently the concept of sustainable
development is intertwined with the concept of carrying capacity.
Theoretically, the long-term result ofenvironmental degradationis
the inability to sustain human life. Such degradation on a global
scale should imply an increase in human death rate until population
falls to what the degraded environment can support. If the
degradation continues beyond a certaintipping pointor critical
threshold it would lead to eventualextinctionfor humanity.[citation
needed]Consumption of renewable resourcesState of
environmentSustainability
More than nature's ability to replenishEnvironmental
degradationNot sustainable
Equal to nature's ability to replenishEnvironmental
equilibriumSteady state economy
Less than nature's ability to replenishEnvironmental
renewalEnvironmentally sustainable
Transportation[edit]Some western countries and United States are
making transportation more sustainable in both long-term and
short-term implementations.[33]Since these countries are mostly
highly automobile-orientated area, the main transit that people use
is personal vehicles. Therefore, California is one of the
highestgreenhouse gasesemission in the country. The federal
government has to come up with some plans to reduce the total
number of vehicle trips in order to lower greenhouse gases
emission. Such as:Improve public transit[edit]- Larger coverage
area in order to provide more mobility and accessibility, use new
technology to provide a more reliable and responsive public
transportation network, company providing ECO pass to
employees.[34]Encourage walking and biking[edit]-Wider pedestrian
pathway, bike share station in commercial downtown, locate parking
lot far from the shopping center, limit on street parking, slower
traffic lane in downtown area.Increase the cost of car ownership
and gas taxes[edit]-Increase parking fees/ toll fees, encourage
people to drive more fuel efficient vehicles. -Social equity
problem, poor people usually drive old cars that have low fuel
efficiency. However, government can use the extra revenue collected
from taxes and tolls to improve the public transportation and
benefit the poor community.[35]Economics[edit]
Asewage treatmentplant that uses environmentally friendlysolar
energy, located atSantuari de Llucmonastery.See also:Ecological
economicsIt has been suggested that because of
ruralpovertyandoverexploitation, environmental resources should be
treated as important economic assets, called natural
capital.[36]Economic development has traditionally required a
growth in thegross domestic product. This model of unlimited
personal and GDP growth may be over.[37]Sustainable development may
involve improvements in the quality of life for many but may
necessitate a decrease in resource consumption.[38]According to
ecological economistMalte Faber, ecological economics is defined by
its focus on nature, justice, and time. Issues ofintergenerational
equity,irreversibilityof environmental change,uncertaintyof
long-term outcomes, and sustainable development guide ecological
economic analysis and valuation.[39]In 1987 the economist Edward
Barbier published the studyThe Concept of Sustainable Economic
Development, where he recognized that goals of environmental
conservation and economic development are not conflicting and can
be reinforcing each other.[40]AWorld Bankstudy from 1999 concluded
that based on the theory of genuine savings, policymakers have many
possible interventions to increase sustainability,
inmacroeconomicsor purely environmental.[41]A study from 2001 noted
that efficient policies for renewable energy and pollution are
compatible with increasing human welfare, eventually reaching a
golden-rule steady state.[42]The study,Interpreting Sustainability
in Economic Terms, found three pillars of sustainable development,
interlinkage,intergenerational equity, anddynamic efficiency.[43]A
meta review in 2002 looked at environmental and economic valuations
and found a lack of sustainability policies.[44]A study in 2004
asked if we consume to much.[45]A study concluded in 2007 that
knowledge, manufactured and human capital(health and education) has
not compensated for the degradation of natural capital in many
parts of the world.[46]It has been suggested that intergenerational
equity can be incorporated into a sustainable development and
decision making, as has become common in economic valuations of
climate economics.[47]A meta review in 2009 identified conditions
for a strong case to act onclimate change, and called for more work
to fully account of the relevant economics and how it affects human
welfare.[48]According toJohn Baden[49]the improvement of
environment quality depends on themarket economyand the existence
of legitimate and protectedpropertyrights. They enable the
effective practice of personal responsibility and the development
of mechanisms to protect the environment. The State can in this
context create conditions which encourage the people to save the
environment.[50]Business[edit]See also:Corporate sustainabilityThe
most broadly accepted criterion for corporate sustainability
constitutes a firms efficient use of natural capital.
Thiseco-efficiencyis usually calculated as the economic value added
by a firm in relation to its aggregated ecological impact.[51]This
idea has been popularised by the World Business Council for
Sustainable Development (WBCSD) under the following definition:
"Eco-efficiency is achieved by the delivery of competitively priced
goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of
life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts andresource
intensitythroughout the life-cycle to a level at least in line with
the earths carrying capacity." (DeSimone and Popoff, 1997:
47)[52]Similar to the eco-efficiency concept but so far less
explored is the second criterion for corporate sustainability.
Socio-efficiency[53]describes the relation between a firm's value
added and its social impact. Whereas, it can be assumed that most
corporate impacts on the environment are negative (apart from rare
exceptions such as the planting of trees) this is not true for
social impacts. These can be either positive (e.g. corporate
giving, creation of employment) or negative (e.g. work accidents,
mobbing of employees, human rights abuses). Depending on the type
of impact socio-efficiency thus either tries to minimize negative
social impacts (i.e. accidents per value added) or maximise
positive social impacts (i.e. donations per value added) in
relation to the value added.Both eco-efficiency and
socio-efficiency are concerned primarily with increasing economic
sustainability. In this process they instrumentalize both natural
and social capital aiming to benefit from win-win situations.
However, as Dyllick and Hockerts[53]point out the business case
alone will not be sufficient to realise sustainable development.
They point towards eco-effectiveness, socio-effectiveness,
sufficiency, and eco-equity as four criteria that need to be met if
sustainable development is to be reached.Architecture[edit]See
also:Sustainable architectureIn sustainable architecture the recent
movements ofNew UrbanismandNew Classical Architecturepromote a
sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and
developssmart growth,architectural traditionandclassical
design.[54][55]This in contrast tomodernistandglobally
uniformarchitecture, as well as opposing to solitaryhousing
estatesandsuburban sprawl, with long commuting distances and large
ecological footprints.[56]Both trends started in the 1980s. (It
should be noted that sustainable architecture is predominantly
relevant to the economics domain while architectural landscaping
pertains more to the ecological domain.)Culture[edit]This
sectionneeds additional citations forverification.Please
helpimprove this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(June 2014)
Framing of sustainable development progress according to
theCircles of Sustainability, used by theUnited Nations.Working
with a different emphasis, some researchers and institutions have
pointed out that a fourth dimension should be added to the
dimensions of sustainable development, since the triple-bottom-line
dimensions of economic, environmental and social do not seem to be
enough to reflect the complexity of contemporary society. In this
context, theAgenda 21 for cultureand theUnited Cities and Local
Governments(UCLG) Executive Bureau lead the preparation of the
policy statement Culture: Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development,
passed on 17 November 2010, in the framework of the World Summit of
Local and Regional Leaders 3rd World Congress of UCLG, held in
Mexico City. although some which still argue that economics is
primary, and culture and politics should be included in 'the
social'. This document inaugurates a new perspective and points to
the relation between culture and sustainable development through a
dual approach: developing a solidcultural policyand advocating a
cultural dimension in all public policies. TheCircles of
Sustainabilityapproach distinguishes the four domains of economic,
ecological, political and cultural sustainability.[57][58]Other
organizations have also supported the idea of a fourth domain of
sustainable development. The Network of Excellence "Sustainable
Development in a Diverse World",[59]sponsored by theEuropean Union,
integrates multidisciplinary capacities and interpretscultural
diversityas a key element of a new strategy for sustainable
development. The Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development Theory
has been referenced by executive director of IMI Institute
atUNESCOVito Di Bari[60]in his manifesto of art and architectural
movementNeo-Futurism, whose name was inspired by the 1987United
Nations reportOur Common Future. TheCircles of
Sustainabilityapproach used by Metropolis defines the (fourth)
cultural domain as practices, discourses, and material expressions,
which, over time, express continuities and discontinuities of
social meaning.[61]Politics[edit]See also:Environmental
ethics,Environmental governanceandSustainability metrics and
indicesA study concluded that social indicators and, therefore,
sustainable development indicators, are scientific constructs whose
principal objective is to inform public
policy-making.[62]TheInternational Institute for Sustainable
Developmenthas similarly developed a political policy framework,
linked to a sustainability index for establishing measurable
entities and metrics. The framework consists of six core areas,
international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change
and energy, measurement and assessment, natural resource
management, and the role of communication technologies in
sustainable development.TheUnited Nations Global CompactCities
Programme has defined sustainable political development is a way
that broadens the usual definition beyond states and governance.
The political is defined as the domain of practices and meanings
associated with basic issues of social power as they pertain to the
organisation, authorisation, legitimation and regulation of a
social life held in common. This definition is in accord with the
view that political change is important for responding to economic,
ecological and cultural challenges. It also means that the politics
of economic change can be addressed. They have listed seven
subdomains of the domain of politics:[61]1. Organization and
governance2. Law and justice3. Communication and critique4.
Representation and negotiation5. Security and accord6. Dialogue and
reconciliation7. Ethics and accountabilityThis accords with the
Brundtland Commission emphasis on development that is guided by
human rights principles (see above).Themes[edit]This
sectionpossibly containsoriginal research.Pleaseimprove
itbyverifyingthe claims made and addinginline citations. Statements
consisting only of original research should be removed.(April
2014)
Progress[edit]See also:Sustainable development goalsTheUnited
Nations Conference on Sustainable Development(UNCSD), also known as
Rio 2012, Rio+20, orEarth Summit2012, was the third international
conference on sustainable development, which aimed at reconciling
the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Few
nations met theWorld Wide Fund for Nature's definition of
sustainable development criteria established in
2006.[63]Measurement[edit]Main articles:Ecological
footprintandSustainability measurement
Deforestation and increased road-building in theAmazon
Rainforestare a significant concern because of increased human
encroachment uponwildernessareas, increased resource extraction and
further threats tobiodiversity.In 2007 a report for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency stated: While much discussion and
effort has gone into sustainability indicators, none of the
resulting systems clearly tells us whether our society is
sustainable. At best, they can tell us that we are heading in the
wrong direction, or that our current activities are not
sustainable. More often, they simply draw our attention to the
existence of problems, doing little to tell us the origin of those
problems and nothing to tell us how to solve them.[64]Nevertheless
a majority of authors assume that a set of well defined and
harmonised indicators is the only way to make sustainability
tangible. Those indicators are expected to be identified and
adjusted through empirical observations (trial and error).[65]The
most common critiques are related to issues like data quality,
comparability, objective function and the necessary
resources.[66]However a more general criticism is coming from the
project management community: How can a sustainable development be
achieved at global level if we cannot monitor it in any single
project?[67][68]The Cuban-born researcher and entrepreneur Sonia
Bueno suggests an alternative approach that is based upon the
integral, long-term cost-benefit relationship as a measure and
monitoring tool for the sustainability of every project, activity
or enterprise.[69][70]Furthermore this concept aims to be a
practical guideline towards sustainable development following the
principle of conservation and increment of value rather than
restricting the consumption of resources.Reasonable qualifications
of sustainability are seen U.S. Green Building Councils (USGBC)
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). This design
incorporates some ecological, economic, and social elements. The
goals presented by LEED design goals are sustainable sites, water
efficiency, energy and atmospheric emission reduction, material and
resources efficiency, and indoor environmental quality. Although
amount of structures for sustainability development is many, these
qualification has become a standard for sustainable
building.Natural capital[edit]
Deforestationof nativerain forestin Rio de Janeiro City for
extraction ofclayforcivil engineering(2009 picture).The sustainable
development debate is based on the assumption that societies need
to manage three types of capital (economic, social, and natural),
which may be non-substitutable and whose consumption might be
irreversible.[71]Daly (1991),[72]for example, points to the fact
that natural capital can not necessarily be substituted by economic
capital. While it is possible that we can find ways to replace some
natural resources, it is much more unlikely that they will ever be
able to replace eco-system services, such as the protection
provided by the ozone layer, or the climate stabilizing function of
the Amazonian forest. In fact natural capital, social capital and
economic capital are often complementarities. A further obstacle to
substitutability lies also in the multi-functionality of many
natural resources. Forests, for example, not only provide the raw
material for paper (which can be substituted quite easily), but
they also maintain biodiversity, regulate water flow, and absorb
CO2.[citation needed]Another problem of natural and social capital
deterioration lies in their partial irreversibility. The loss in
biodiversity, for example, is often definite. The same can be true
for cultural diversity. For example with globalisation advancing
quickly the number of indigenous languages is dropping at alarming
rates. Moreover, the depletion of natural and social capital may
have non-linear consequences. Consumption of natural and social
capital may have no observable impact until a certain threshold is
reached. A lake can, for example, absorb nutrients for a long time
while actually increasing its productivity. However, once a certain
level of algae is reached lack of oxygen causes the lakes ecosystem
to break down suddenly.[citation needed]Business as usual[edit]
Beforeflue-gas desulfurizationwas installed,
theair-pollutingemissions from this power plant inNew
Mexicocontained excessive amounts ofsulfur dioxide.If the
degradation of natural and social capital has such important
consequence the question arises why action is not taken more
systematically to alleviate it. Cohen and Winn (2007)[73]point to
four types of market failure as possible explanations: First, while
the benefits of natural or social capital depletion can usually be
privatized, the costs are often externalized (i.e. they are borne
not by the party responsible but by society in general). Second,
natural capital is often undervalued by society since we are not
fully aware of the real cost of the depletion of natural capital.
Information asymmetry is a third reasonoften the link between cause
and effect is obscured, making it difficult for actors to make
informed choices. Cohen and Winn close with the realization that
contrary to economic theory many firms are not perfect optimizers.
They postulate that firms often do not optimize resource allocation
because they are caught in a "business as usual"
mentality.[citation needed]See also[edit] Applied sustainability
Circles of Sustainability Conservation biology Conservation
development Conservation (ethic) Ecological modernization
Ecologically sustainable development Environmental issue
Environmental justice Indian Council of Forestry Research and
Education Micro-sustainability Planetary boundaries Public schemes
for energy efficient refurbishment Social sustainability State of
Sustainability Initiatives Sustainability standards and
certification Sustainable coffee Sustainable development goals
Sustainable fishery Sustainable forest management Sustainable land
management Sustainable living Sustainable yield Sustainopreneurship
Zero-carbon cityFurther reading[edit] Ahmed, Faiz (2008).An
Examination of the Development Path Taken by Small Island
Developing States.(pp.1726) Atkinson, G., S. Dietz, and E. Neumayer
(2009).Handbook of Sustainable Development.Edward Elgar
Publishing,ISBN 1848444729. Bakari, Mohamed El-Kamel.
"Globalization and Sustainable Development: False Twins?." New
Global Studies 7.3: 23-56. ISSN (Online) 1940-0004, ISSN (Print)
2194-6566, DOI: 10.1515/ngs-2013-021, November 2013. Bertelsmann
Stiftung, ed. (2013).Winning Strategies for a Sustainable Future.
Reinhard Mohn Prize 2013. Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung,
Gtersloh.ISBN978-3-86793-491-6. Book ReviewonAn Introduction to
Sustainable Developmentby Peter Rogers, Kazi Jalal, & John
BoydSustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, Published
online June 18, 2008 Beyerlin, Ulrich.Sustainable Development,Max
Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law Danilov-Danilyan,
Victor I., Losev, K.S., Reyf, Igor E.Sustainable Development and
the Limitation of Growth: Future Prospects for World
Civilization.Transl. Vladimir Tumanov. Ed. Donald Rapp. New York:
Springer Praxis Books, 2009.Google BookSustainable development has
been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted
definition is from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland
Report:[1]"Sustainable development is development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key
concepts: the concept ofneeds, in particular the essential needs of
the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and
the idea oflimitationsimposed by the state of technology and social
organization on the environment's ability to meet present and
future needs."[email protected] is Sustainability
Important?
Sustainability is the ability to maintain a certain status or
process in existing systems. The most frequent use of the term
sustainability is connected to biological or human systems in the
context of ecology. The ability of an ecosystem to function and
maintain productivity for a prolonged period is also
sustainability.Living a sustainable lifestyle is one way to help.
In this series pages we will go into whatsustainabilityhas to
withecology,recycling,water, and more. We will also reveal what
some companies (likePetsmartandDisney) are doing to make a
difference by operating their businesses in a sustainable way.
Why is Sustainability Important / Our Future Depends Upon
ItSustainability is important because all the choices we pursue and
all the actions that we make today will affect everything in the
future. We need to make sound decisions at present in order to
avoid limiting the choices of generations to come.For example, if
you continue wasting water and polluting the dwindling supply of
freshwater that we have today, we leave future generations with no
other choice than to desalinate saltwater or treat contaminated
water for their consumption and daily use. We can also be assured
that, if that happens, all life that depends on clean freshwater
will become extinct.The same goes with the supply of soil that we
currently have. Without proper care, our soils can easily lose
quality enough that they will no longer be able to encourage growth
and sustain life. If that happens, future civilizations will be
void of crop and other natural sources of food. They will then have
no other choice but to create man-made sources for nourishment and
sustenance.Why is Sustainability Important / Extinction Will
PrevailThe two examples described above may seem terrible but, in
fact, those are not the worst circumstances we can leave the future
of mankind with. If clean water and good soil become scarce enough,
all life on Earth can become extinct. Keep in mind that this does
not just apply to soil and water but all elements of nature that
are crucial to sustaining the Earths equilibrium.In the past, the
entire human population was small and civilizations had very few
needs. At that time,natural resourcesseemed infinite because the
capacity of nature to regenerate was much higher than the rate at
which human beings used up resources.Why is Sustainability
Important / Time to Wake UpToday, we are painfully beginning to
learn that environmental resources are limited and are quite
sensitive to everything that we do. We are starting to experience
the effects of the actions of generations that came before us. To
make sure that future generations will not experience worse, we
need to be aware of the ideals and requirements of
sustainability.As we become aware, we need to put what we learn
into action as that is the only way we can allow nature to catch up
with the rate at which our requirements grow. This does not mean
having to stifle human development. On the contrary, it means
sustaining the supply of resources so that we can, in turn, sustain
human
development.Sourceshttp://www.epa.gov/sustainability/http://www.epa.gov/sustainability/basicinfo.htm#sustainabilityhttp://www.whistler2020.ca/whistler/site/genericPage.acds?context=1967862&instanceid=1967863http://bas.berkeley.edu/sustainability/whyThank
you for visiting theWhy is Sustainability Importantpage. For more
information on sustainability follow these links:Definition of
SustainabilityTypes of SustainabilitySustainability TipsRecycling
SustainabilityGreen SustainabilityNatural Resource
SustainabilityLiving SustainabilityEcology
SustainabilitySustainability AgroforestryWater Movement
SustainabilityWater Sustainability in AustraliaMore on Water
Sustainability in AustraliaDisney SustainabilityPetsmart
SustainabilityWisconsin SustainabilityWhat is Meant by
SustainabilityDefinition for SustainabilitySustainability
QuestionsSustainability IdeasReturn From Why is Sustainability
Important to the Benef
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
PROF. DOLLY ROY
Presented by:-
Sanchi Gaikwad P-07
Sneha Sharma P-41
Kavita Singh P-44
Meghna Rajpura P-45
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
*
ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS &GOAL ATTAINMENT APPROACH
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
*
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Effectiveness: the extent to which the organization achieves its
goals or goal. Efficiency: Takes into account the amount of
resources used to produce the desired output.
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
*
*
Organization Effectiveness??
Organizational effectiveness is the concept of how effective an
organization is in achieving the outcomes the organization intends
to produce. The idea of organizational effectiveness is especially
important for non-profit organizations as most people who donate
money to non-profit organizations and charities are interested in
knowing whether the organization is effective in accomplishing its
goals.
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Importance of Organization Effectiveness
What makes an organization effective???
The answer to this question is proper organization
structure.
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Effectiveness and Efficiency in Organizations
Low Goal AttainmentLow Use of Resources
Low Goal AttainmentHigh Use of Resources
High Goal AttainmentHigh Use of Resources
High Goal AttainmentLow Use of Resources
Low High
EFFECTIVENESS
Low High
EFFICIENCY
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Effectiveness Criteria
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Four Approaches to Organization Effectiveness
Goal Attainment ApproachSystems ApproachStrategic Constituencies
ApproachCompeting Values Approach
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
GOAL ATTAINMENT APPROACH
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
*
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Goal Attainment Approach
The Goal Attainment Approach states that an organizations
effectiveness must be appraised in terms of the accomplishment of
ends rather than means
It is the bottom line that counts.
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Goal Attainment Approach
*
Based on the identification of goals and the achievement of those
goals
Goals must be Clearly identifiable
ConsensualMeasurableTime-bound
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Goal Implies Assumptions:-
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
Barriers to Goal Attainment Approach!!!
Failure to sell practitioners on goal setting to ensure
commitment.Setting goals that are not measurable and realistic.
Unwillingness to raise and lower goals to maintain optimal
difficulty. Setting too many goals.Focusing too much on outcome
goals.
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
SYSTEM APPROACH
SANCHI GAIKWAD P-07
*
Systems Approach
Here end goals are not ignored; but they are only one element in a
more complex set of criteria.Systems models emphasize criteria that
will increase the long term survival of the organization such as
Its ability to acquire resources, maintain itself internally as a
social organism & interact successfully with its external
environment.So, this approach focuses not so much on specific ends
as on the means needed for the achievement of those ends.
SANCHI GAIKWAD P-07
Assumptions
Organizations are made up of interrelated subparts.If any one of
these subparts performs poorly, it will negatively affect the
performance of the whole system.Effectiveness requires awareness
& successful interactions with environmental
constituencies.Mgmt has to maintain good relationsRaw materials
must be secured, vacancies created by employee resignations and
retirements must be filled, declining product lines must be
replacedChanges in the economy & the tastes of customers or
clients need to be anticipated and reacted.
SANCHI GAIKWAD P-07
How Managers can apply the systems approach?
The system view looks at factors such as-Relation with the
environmentThe efficiency with which the org. transforms inputs
into outputs The clarity of internal communications.The level of
conflict among the groupThe degree of job satisfaction
SANCHI GAIKWAD P-07
Limitations of systems approach
The two most telling shortcomings of the systems approach relate
to MEASUREMENT & the issue of whether MEANS REALLY MATTER? In
sports, it is frequently said its whether you win or lose that
counts, not how u play the game!Same holds true for orgns.If ends
are achieved, means are not importantBut systems approach focus is
on MEANS necessary to achieve effectiveness rather than on
organizational effectiveness itself.
SANCHI GAIKWAD P-07
Contd..
Systems Approach uses means goals
The approach that is more meaningful and which is easy to
quantify should be used
SANCHI GAIKWAD P-07
Value to Managers
Managers using systems approach are less prone to look for
immediate resultsLess likely to make decisionsThis approach
increases the Managers awareness of the interdependency of
organizational activitiesA final plus for the systems approach is
its applicability where end goals either are very vague or cannot
be quantified.
SANCHI GAIKWAD P-07
Strategic-Constituencies Approach
MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
*
An effective organization is one that satisfies the demands of
those constituencies in its environment from whom it requires
support for its continued existence.
It seeks to appease only those in the environment who can
threaten the organization's survival.
For eg. Private universities and public universities
MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
*
Assumptions
Organization should give importance to constituency then it can
take this approach.
Each constituency has a unique set of values, so it is unlikely
that they are preference will be in agreement.
*
MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
How can manager apply this?
3 major stepsAsking members to identify the constituentsEvaluate
the listHow dependent on it our organization is?Does it have
considerable power over us?Are there alternatives?Identifying the
expectationsWhat do they want of it?
*
MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
Problems
Distinguishing strategic constituencies from larger environment
is not easy to practice
Identifying the expectations that the strategic constituencies
hold for the organization
*
MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
Value to managers
It is important for manager to understand just who it is that
survival is contingent upon
Manager might ignore or upset a group whose power could
significantly hinder the organizations operations
*
MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
Competing Values Approach
SNEHA SHARMA P-41MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
*
Competing Values Approach
The Competing Values Approach is the criteria you value and use in
assessing an organizations effectiveness.
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
Criteria
Return on investment
Market share
New product innovation
Job security
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
Assumptions
No best criterion for evaluating an organization effectiveness.
There cannot be one single goal that everyone can agree
upon.
The concept of OE is subjective.
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
Problem to the approach
This approachs perception is on how well an organization is doing
on the criteria rather than clarifying in which criteria the
constituencies are emphasizing
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
Values to manager
By reducing a large number of effectiveness criteria, this can
guide the manager in identifying the appropriateness of different
criteria to different constituencies and in different life cycle
stages.
*
SNEHA SHARMA P-41MEGHNA RAJPURA P-45
SNEHA SHARMA P-41
*
Approach DefinitionWhen UsefulGoal AttainmentAn organization is
effective to the extent that it accomplishes its stated goals. The
approach is preferred when goals are clear, time bound and
measureable.SystemsIt acquires needed resources.A clear connection
exists between inputs and outputs.Strategic ConstituenciesStrategic
Constituencies are at least minimally satisfied.Constituencies have
powerful influence on the organization, and it must respond to
demands.Competing ValuesThe emphasis of the organization in the
four major areas matches constituent preferences.The organization
is unclear about its own emphases, or changes in criteria over time
are of interest.
Approaches to measuring organizational effectiveness
KAVITA SINGH P-44
*
Approaches to measuring organizational effectiveness
External resource approach
Internal systems approach
Technical approach
KAVITA SINGH P-44
External resource approach
A method managers use to evaluate how effectively an organization
manages and controls Its external environment
SuppliersCustomersCompetitorsgovernment
KAVITA SINGH P-44
Internal systems approach
A method that allows managers to evaluate how effectively an
organization functions and operates
Structure cultureFlexibility Co-ordinationMotivation
KAVITA SINGH P-44
Technical approach
A method managers use to evaluate how efficiently an
organization can convert some fixed amount of organizational
resources into finished goods and servicesTechnical effectiveness
is measured in terms of productivity and efficiency (output:
input)Processtechnology
KAVITA SINGH P-44
Goals to be set to measure effectiveness
External resource approachLower costs of inputsObtain
high-quality inputs of raw materials and employeesIncrease market
shareIncrease stock priceGain support of stakeholders such as
government or environmentalists
Internal systems approachCut decision-making timeIncrease rate
of product innovationIncrease coordination and motivation of
employeesReduce conflictReduce time to market
Technical approachIncrease product qualityReduce number of
defectsReduce production costsImprove customer serviceReduce
delivery time to customer
CASE STUDY
*
SANCHI P-07SNEHA P-41KAVITA P-44MEGHNA P-45
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Behaviour in Organization Garett Jones
Organization theory Stephen P Robbins
www.google.com
*
SPECIAL THANKS TO PROF. DOLLY ROY.
*
*
