World History: Lesson 34: Nineteenth Century Art

Artist

•RO

MAN

TICISM

: Roughly 1750 – 1850; Art designed to provoke a strong emotional response and to celebrate m

an as a creature of warm

emotions rather than of

cold logic; A rejection of the new science and reason of the Industrial Revolution; O

ften promoted patriotic sentim

ents or celebrated the awesom

eness of nature

• Gathered anthologies of Germanic folk tales• Published Grimms’ Fairy Tales beginning in 1812, with regularly updated editions

every few years as they gathered more stories• Developed the “Byronic hero” which would become a hallmark of Romantic

literature – a dark, brooding, and often violent hero who still has the ability for doing good and loving deeply

• English novelist• Student of Lord Byron• Wrote Frankenstein• Charlotte: Wrote Jane Eyre• Emily: Wrote Wuthering Heights• Anne: Wrote Agnes Grey • French• Wrote Les Miserables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame• French• Wrote The Three Musketeers, The Man in the Iron Mask, and The Count of Monte

Cristo • American• Wrote The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip van Winkle• Perfected the short story as a serious genre• American• Wrote The Scarlet Letter• Wrote largely on man’s tendency to sin, resulting in his work being called “dark

romanticism” • American • Wrote Moby Dick• Focus was primarily on sea yarns• American• Wrote many poems and short-stories in the horror genre: The Raven, The Black

Cat, The Cask of Amontillado, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Pit and the Pendulum, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Tell-Tale Heart

• German• Composer of 9 full symphonies as well as various other pieces• Highly experimental in his music, defying established classical conventions• Continued to compose music even after he had gone completely deaf• Polish• Most of his works are etudes for the piano• Much of his work celebrated his Polish heritage• German• Wrote mainly operas, most of which celebrated German history or folklore• Openly racist and anti-Semitic, his works would be re-popularized under the Nazi

regime

REALISM: Art designed

to show the w

orld as it really is

• English• Wrote Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol• Much of his work focused on the suffering of the poor in London• American• Wrote Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn• American• Wrote The Red Badge of Courage

IMPRESSIO

NISM

: Art designed to show

only the impression of things,

not the full details of realism

• French• Considered the master of the Impressionist movement• Masterworks: paintings of Rouen Cathedral and Waterlilies• French• Many of his paintings were of ballet dancers• French• Many of his paintings were of the working poor• French• Painter and sculptor• Many of his paintings were of Parisian high society

POST-IM

PRESSION

ISM: Art has a variety of

styles, usually using sharp lines, bright colors

• Dutch• Considered the master of the Post-Impressionist era• Produced over 2000 pieces• Cut off his own ear due to depression, later committed suicide by shooting

himself in the chest• Masterworks: Starry Night• French noble• Suffered from a growth disease (Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome)• Many of his works focused on nightclubs like the Moulin Rouge• French• Masterworks: A Sunday on La Grande Jatte • French• Much of his later work was completed on the Pacific island of Tahiti• Norwegian• Developed a new form of Post-Impressionism called Expressionism• His work was denounced by the Nazis as “degenerate” and banned in the 1930s• Masterworks: The Scream