Doc.: IEEE 802.22-09/0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 1 802.22 Presentation to the ECSG on White Space Author: Notice: This document

March 2009

Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.22-09/0052r0

Submission

802.22 Presentation to the ECSGon White Space

Name Company Address Phone email Gerald Chouinard Communications

Research Centre, Canada

3701 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario Canada K2H 8S2

(613) 998-2500 [email protected]

Author:

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.11.

Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf>, including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson <[email protected]> as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.11 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at <[email protected]>.

AbstractThis contribution illustrates the work carried out by the 802.22 WG over the last 5 years in developing the Wireless Regional Area Network standard to be used in TV White Space.

March 2009


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Submission

Outline

1. The IEEE 802.22 WRAN Standard2. Coexistence among communication systems

in TV White Spacea) Protection of TV broadcasting

– Sensing of DTV signal

b) Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones– Sensing of wireless microphones– 802.22.1 wireless microphone beacon

c) Quiet periods for sensingd) Self-coexistence among WRAN systems

3. Conclusionsa) No DTV sensing

b) RF mask

c) Recommended Practice

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


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Submission

IEEE 802.22

RAN

“Regional Area Network”

IEEE Standards

30 km

54 - 862 MHz

Multipath absorption Window

(Cyclic prefix )

0.252.2 μsec

0.8

37 μsec

23 Mbit/sBW= 6,7,8 MHz

March 2009


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Submission

Rural Broadband:- Cable-modem / ADSL- WiFi hot-spots in ISM bands

- Higher power, lower frequency broadband access system

30 km23 km

16 km

MACLong round-trip

delays

QPSK

16-QAM64-QAM

PHYAdaptive

modulation

- Medium power wireless systems

5 km

March 2009


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Submission

Typical CPE installationSensing antenna

GPS antenna

TX/RX WRAN Antenna

March 2009


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Submission

802.22 WRAN System Capacity and Coverage

Typical WRAN service model RF channel bandwidth 6 MHz Typical spectrum efficiency 2 bit/(s*Hz) (Max: 3.8 bit/(s*Hz)) Channel capacity 12 Mbit/s Subscriber capacity (forward) 1.5 Mbit/s Subscriber capacity (return) 384 kbit/s Over-subscription ratio 40:1 Subscribers per forward channel 255

Minimum viable operation Minimum number of subscribers 90 Initial penetration 5 %

Potential full penetration Potential number of subscribers 1,800 Number of person per household 2.5 Population per coverage area 4500

Type of operation Low power High power WRAN base station EIRP 4 Watts 100 Watts WRAN user terminal EIRP 163 mWatt 4 Watts Coverage radius 16.7 km 30.7 km Minimum population density 5.1 person/km2 1.5 person/km2

March 2009


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Submission

Characteristics of 802.22 WRAN

30 km23 km

16 km

QPSK

16-QAM64-QAM

Max throughput per 6 MHz:DS: 7.8 Mbit/s (net: 3.89 Mbit/s)US: 768 kbit/s (net: 384 kbit/s)

Max throughput per 6 MHz:23 Mbit/s (net: 19.44 Mbit/s)

Minimum service availability:location= 50%time= 99.9%

Base station power: 100 WAntenna height: 75 m

User terminal (CPE) power: 4 Wantenna height: 10 m

March 2009


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Submission

802.22 Reference Architecture

March 2009


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Submission

802.22 Reference Architecture

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


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Submission

Coexistence among communications systems in TV White Space

Self-coexistence

DTVAnalog

TVWireless

MicrophonePLMRS 802.11 802.15 802.16 802.22 DOCSIS etc.

802.11 802.11

802.15 802.15

802.16 802.16h

802.22 802.22 802.22 802.22 SG-09-43r1 SG-09-43r1 SG-09-43r1 802.22

DOCSIS

etc.

LegendProtection of incumbentsSelf-coexistenceCoexistence among IEEE 802 systemsCoexistence with non-IEEE 802 systemsCoexistence among non-IEEE 802 systems

Incumbent protection Coexistence

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


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Submission

WRAN CPE and DTV protection

DTV WRAN

March 2009


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Submission

DTV TX(1 MW ERP, 300 m)

100 W WRAN

Base Station

31.3 km

3.5 km

30.8 km

118 km

CPE keep-out distance

100 W WRAN base station keep-out distance

149.3 km

32.6 dB(uV/m)

41 dB(uV/m)F(50, 90)

40.0 dB(uV/m)

121.5 km

4 W WRAN

Base Station

16.8 km

16.2 km

4 W WRAN base station

keep-out distance

36.3 dB(uV/m)

WRAN keep-out distance:Minimum field strength: 41 dB(uV/m)Protection ratio: 23 dBCPE antenna front-to-back: 14 dBInterfering field strength: 32 dB(uV/m)

Co-channel keep-out distance between DTVand 802.22 WRAN

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


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Submission

TV sensing techniques• Blind

– Energy detection– Eigenvalue sensing (MME, EME)

• Multi-resolution (MRSS)

• Signal specific– ATSC Sequence correlation sensing

• ATSC signature

• Pilot recovery

• Single ATSC data field

• Multiple ATSC data fields

• Sync segment

– ATSC FFT-based Pilot sensing– ATSC Pilot sensing technique using high order statistics– ATSC PLL-based Pilot sensing technique

• Dual FPLL pilot sensing

– ATSC Pilot covariance sensing technique• Covariance based sensing

March 2009


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Submission

TV sensing techniques

• Spectral correlation sensing technique– Sensing for one TV band

• Sensing procedure for TV signals

– Sensing for multiple TV channel band

• Selection of frequency components: emphasizing near Parts with abrupt changes

• ATSC cyclostationary sensing technique

March 2009


Slide 20

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Submission

DTV Broadcast Incumbent SensingATSC FFT-based Pilot Sensing Technique

(Philips)

1 ms sensing window will allow a 32-point FFT while a 5 ms window will allow a 256-point FFT

0

x(t)

0

y(t)

53.8 kHz-53.8 kHz

……

21.52 MHz-21.52 MHz

……

Required SNR for DTV signal detection (Average over 12 signals)

Method 5 ms (N = 1) 10 ms (N = 2) 30 ms (N = 6) 50 ms (N = 10) Pilot-Energy -18 dB -20.5 dB -23.5 dB -24.5 dB

Pilot-Location (NT = 2) - -18.5 dB -22.0 dB -24.0 dB

FFT applied around the pilot carrier

March 2009


Slide 21

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Submission

DTV Broadcast Incumbent SensingSensing techniques performance comparison

RF sensing performance

0.1%

1.0%

10.0%

100.0%

-26 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2

SNR (dB)

Pro

ba

bili

ty o

f m

isd

ete

cti

on

(P

md

)

Energy - 1dB Pfa=10% 5 ms

Energy - 0.5dB Pfa=10% 5 ms

Energy - 0dB Pfa=10% 5ms

Thomson-Segment Pfa=10% 4 ms

I2R Pfa=0.1% 4ms

I2R Pfa= 1% 4ms

I2R Pfa=10% 4 ms

Qualcomm Field Pfa=10% 24 ms

Qualcom Field Pfa=1% 24 ms

Thomson Field Pfa=10% 24 ms

Thomson Field Pfa=1% 24ms

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


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Submission

WRAN coverage and co-channel operation with wireless microphones

R1

R2

Minimum WRAN field strength: 29 dB(uV/m)

Area where, if wireless microphones

are present, the BS cannot operate on the

same TV channel

Area where, if wireless microphones are present, the nearby CPEs need to

either change frequency or reduce their transmit power

Edge of coverage of the WRAN BS (e.g., 17 km for 4 W

EIRP, 30 km for 100 W EIRP)

Area where CPEs need to change

frequency

Area where CPEs need to reduce their transmit power as a function of their distance to the wireless microphone

operation

Wireless microphone operation

R1

R2

F(50, 99.9)

F(50, 10)

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


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Submission

Wireless microphone sensing techniques

• Signal specific• Wireless microphone covariance sensing

technique– Covariance based sensing

– Covariance absolute value detection

– Covariance Frobenius norm detection

• Spectral correlation sensing technique• Sensing for one TV band

– Sensing Procedure for wireless microphone signals

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


Slide 27

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Submission

802.22.1 Beacon Design

Inter-beacon networking

period

I-channel

Q-channel

3.33 ms

98 ms

- Source address- Location- subchannel map- signature- certificate

March 2009


Slide 28

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Submission

Detection of the 802.22.1 beacon

LNA

Pre-selective

filterX

Channelfilter

IntegratorChip

matchedfilter

DQPSKdemodulator

Synchronization withTG1 frame

De

mu

ltip

lexi

ng

Complex PNsequence

X Sampler

Time syncLocaloscillator

(A)Energy detection

(B)DSSS Signature detection

Fra

gm

en

tatio

n

MSF1

MSF2

MSF3

Viterbi decoder CRC check

CRC check

CRC check

On-lineCertificate

Authentication

(C)Sync burst identificationUncoded index available

(D)TG1 frame synchronization

information acquisition

(E)Part 74 device

information

(F)Verified Part 74

device information

Online or over-the-air Cerfiticate

acquisition

synchronizationchannel bits

Analysis of inter-devicecommunication period

Synchronization with15-bit sync sequence

Index FECdecoding

Threshold comparisonand timing analysis

(short sensing period)

Sync burst

Index = 0 or 30

Slot Type

DQPSK and erasure symbols

Beacon channel bits

Data path during a longsensing period

End of data path duringa short sensing period

Chiptiming

recovery

0.8 ms

5.1 ms

28 ms

71 ms

98 ms

< 0.5 ms

March 2009


Slide 29

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Submission

Detection of the 802.22.1 beacon

-130

-125

-120

-115

-110

-105

-100

-95

0.1 1 10 100

Minimum sensing time (ms)

Sen

sin

g t

hre

sho

ld (

dB

m)

TG1certificate

TG1signature

TG1 information(FEC encoded)

Sync and index

8-chip spreadingsequence

1 - Energy detection

1 - Energy detection correlated on spread sequence

-114 dBm

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


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Submission

802.22 Frame

Structure frame 0

Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1

SuperframePreamble

SCH

. . .

FramePreamble

160 ms

frame 1

10 ms

frame 15

DS sub-frame

TTG

RTG

US sub-frame(smallest US burst portion on a given subchannel= 7 symbols)

26 to 42 symbols corresponding to bandwidths from 6 MHz to 8 MHz and cyclic prefixes from 1/ 4 to 1/ 32

Fram

e Pr

eam

ble

FCH

DS-

MAP

Burs

t 1DCD

Burs

t 2

tim

e bu

ffer

tim

e bu

ffer

Self-c

oexi

sten

ce w

indo

w (

4 o

r 5 s

ymbol

s w

hen

sch

edule

d)

Burst 1

60 s

ubch

anne

ls

Burst 2

Burst 3

more than 7 OFDMA symbols

Burst

Burst n

Burst

Burs

t m

Ranging/ BW request/ UCS notification

Burst

Burst

Bursts

Burs

ts

... Time...

US-

MAP

US-

MAP

UCD

10 ms 10 ms

FramePreamble

FramePreamble

Superframe = 160 ms

Frame= 10 ms

Superframe =16 frames

March 2009


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Submission

802.22 Frame

Structure frame 0


SuperframePreamble

SCH

. . .

FramePreamble

160 ms

frame 1

10 ms

frame 15

DS sub-frame

TTG

RTG

US sub-frame

26 to 42 symbols corresponding to bandwidths from 6 MHz to 8 MHz and cyclic prefixes from 1/ 4 to 1/ 32

Fram

e Pr

eam

ble

FCH

DS-

MAP

Burs

t 1DCD

Burs

t 2

60 s

ubch

anne

ls

... Time...

US-

MAP

US-

MAP

UCD

10 ms 10 ms

FramePreamble

FramePreamble

Burst 1

Burst 2

Burst 3

Burst 4

Ranging/ BW request/ UCSnotification

Bursts

Quiet Period

Frame quiet period: 5.1 ms

Superframe = 160 ms

Frame= 10 ms

Superframe =16 frames

March 2009


Slide 33

doc.: IEEE 802.22-09/0052r0

Submission

802.22 Superframe Structure

frame 0


. . .

160 ms

frame 1

10 ms

frame 15

... Time...

10 ms 10 ms

Quiet Period Quiet Period

Multi-frame quiet periods

March 2009


Slide 34

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Submission

802.22 Superframe Structure

frame 0

Superframe n-1 Superframe n+1

. . .

160 ms

frame 1

10 ms

frame 15

... Time...

10 ms 10 ms

Quiet Period

Quiet Period

Superframe quiet period: up to 158 ms

March 2009


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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


Slide 36

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Submission

WRAN Self-coexistence considerations

Spectrum Etiquette

Adaptive on-demand channel contention

Frame contention

Different TV channel selection for operational channel and

first backup channel

Frame allocation signalledby the superframe control

header (SCH)

MAC self-coexistence schemes PHY coexistence mechanisms

March 2009


Slide 37

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Submission

Self-coexistence among WRAN systems

• Inter-cell communication mechanism to keep BSs aware of the other nearby WRAN cell operation:

– Coexistence beacon• Transmitted during the self-coexistence windows at the end of some frames by

the BS and/or some designated CPEs

• Monitored by BSs and other CPEs from same and different cells on same channel or different channel for future channel switching

• Signals IP address of BS and CPE every 15 minutes as asked by R&O

Coexistence Beacon Protocol (CBP) burst

Symbol

Preamble CBP MACPDU

(Optional)

CBP MACPDU

Extension of

March 2009


Slide 38

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Submission

CBP Communications(Require Neighbor-cell CPEs to exist)

WRAN2 WRAN1

BS2BS1CPE1

CPE2

• The “face-to-face CPEs” case:

• The “back-to-back CPEs” case:

WRAN2 WRAN1

BS1BS2 CPE1CPE2

March 2009


Slide 39

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Submission

Outline







b) RF mask


March 2009


Slide 40

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Submission

Co-channel sensing of DTV incumbent

DTV TX

118 km

DTV protectednoise-limited contour

41 dB(uV/m) F(50, 90)

Required DTV sensing threshold= -114 dBm to compensate for blockage

Sensing CPE

Sensing threshold= 22 dB below protected field strength level

Sensing threshold:S/N = -19 dB

at sensing detector

Probability of signal exceeding 19 dB(uV/m) = 99.9953%

F(50,1) 437 km

F(50,10) 361 km

F(10,10) 435 km

F(10,1) 520 km

F(1,1) 589 km

March 2009


Slide 41

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Submission

DTV Coverage: Athen, GA

News Corporation’s Fox Technology Group’s propagation prediction software: 22-05-0083-00-0000-tv-simulation-results.doc

March 2009


Slide 42

doc.: IEEE 802.22-09/0052r0

Submission


News Corporation’s Fox Technology Group’s propagation prediction software: 22-05-0083-00-0000-tv-simulation-results.doc

Noise Limited Contour

Designated Market

Area


March 2009


Slide 43

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Submission

CPE RF Emission Masks

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

-2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5

Channel Spacing

Lev

el r

elat

ive

to i

n-b

and

po

wer

den

sity

(d

B)

802.22

802.22 Micro

802.22 Ext.

CDN Mask

CDN Relaxed Mask

802.16

FCC Mask

Part 15.209a

Center line

802.22 RF Mask

1 dB DTV RX desensitization

4 Watt EIRP

Rejection if microphones in 1st adjacent channel

33 dB

March 2009


Slide 44

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Submission

Recommended Practice

• Equipment installation• Access to Database

– Database would be interfaced with a policy engine– Database was to give Max EIRP in each channel at each CPE

location queried by the base station rather than a list of available channels (8 bits rather than 1 bit)

– Considerations such as the taboo channels for NTSC and DTV and 3-order intermod at the DTV receiver could be included in the policy engine

– Policy engine could evolve in time with improvement in technology

• …

March 2009


Slide 45

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Submission

References1. IEEE P802.22™/ DRAFTv1.0 Draft Standard for Wireless Regional

Area Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands, April 2008

2. FCC R&O 08-260

Documents

Doc.: IEEE 802.22-09/0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 1 802.22 Presentation to the ECSG on White Space Author: Notice: This document