Doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks

7 May 2007

André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: [PHY Layer Submission for 802.15.3c]Date Submitted: [7 May 2007]Source: [André Bourdoux, Stefaan Derore, Jimmy Nsenga, Wim Van Thillo - IMEC]Address [Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium]Voice:[+32-16-288215], FAX: [+32-16-281515], E-Mail:[[email protected]]

Re: [TG3c technical requirements]

Abstract: []

Purpose: [Proposed PHY layer for IEEE802.15.3c 60 GHz WPANs]

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Introduction

• Proposal for the PHY layer of IEEE802.15.3c in response to CFP 07/586r2.

• Targets the high data rates Requirements of TG3c (15-05-0353-07)– Up to 3 Gbps including overheads– 3 channels channelization– Suitable for integration in full CMOS

• Carefull analysis to reduce 60 GHz front-end impact

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Criteria for good Air Interface

• Low cost

• Low power consumption

• Modest FE requirements

• Low channel equalization complexity

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

What is not in this presentation/proposal ?

• MAC impact or modifications

• Preamble/pilot design

• Specific mapping and/or coding scheme (e.g. unequal error protection) for the support of video

• We concentrate on the careful selection of the modulation/equalization scheme towards low cost, low power consumption and easy system-on-a-chip implementation

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Air interface selection• Battery-powered terminal

• Power amplifier and DAC/ADC are critical power consumer

(Quasi-)constant envelope modulations

• LOS or NLOS, directional or omni-directional antennas

• Low-to-high multipath propagation

Optional CP forfrequency domain equalization

PSK-based: CP-M-PSK

CPM-based: CP-GMSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

CPI: Cyclic Prefix Insertion CPR: Cyclic Prefix Removal SC: Single-carrier FDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer

OFDM

SC solution

IFFT CPI Channel

Transmitter Receiver

CPR FFT FDE Demodulator

CPI Channel CPR FFT FDE DemodulatorIFFT

CPI Channel CPR DemodulatorSingle-tap equalizer

Channel DemodulatorSingle-tap equalizer

NLOS

LOS - option 1Receiver “decides”

LOS - option 2Transmitter “decides”

OFDM / SC-FDE / SC

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Cyclic prefix addition• Complexity is negligible• Requires buffering of small part of the payload data• CP length is programmable (0, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 and 1/4)• Midamble for CP-GMSK ensures phase continuity

Payloaddata N

CPN

CPN+1

Payloaddata N+1

Payloaddata N-1

For CP-M-PSK:

CPN

CPN+1

Payloaddata N+1

Payloaddata N-1

For CP-GMSK:

Payloaddata N

Midamble(4 bits)

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

M-PSK and CP-M-PSK Transmitter

Coding & Mapping

DAC

Add CP

2 Pulse shaping filter

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

M-PSK and CP-M-PSK Receiver

ADC

Remove CP

Digital filter 2

Single-tap time-domain equalizer

Freq-domain equalizer(FFT + equal. + IFFT)

Demapping & Decoding

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

GMSK and CP-GMSK Transmitter

Add CP and midamble

2Freq.

shaping filter

2πh

Phase Accum.

Look-up table.

Coding & Mapping

DAC

FM modulator

Carrier frequency spacing: 2.3 GHz

Can be approximated with QPSK like modulator

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

GMSK and CP-GMSK Receiver

ADC

Remove CP

Matched filter(1st Laurent pulse)

Equal.

Channel Decoding

Filter1st Laurent

PulseFFT IFFT

Midamble deletion

Detector

Soft / Hard

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

System parameters (1)

• CP-M-PSK– Block length: 512 symbols– CP length: 0, 16, 32, 64, 128 symbols– Maximum symbol rate: 1.667 Gsymb/s– Block duration: 307.2 ns (data) + 76.8 ns (CP)– TX filter roll-off: 0.2 BW = 2 GHz– Carrier spacing: (1+0.15)BW = 2.3 GHz– Bit rate (CP=25%, CR=3/4):

• BPSK: 1 Gbps• QPSK: 2 Gbps• 8-PSK: 3 Gbps

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission


• CP-GMSK– Block length: 512 symbols– CP length: 0, 16, 32, 64, 128 symbols– Maximum symbol rate: 1.667 Gsymb/s– Block duration: 307.2 ns (data) + 76.8 ns (CP)– CPM pulse shape: Gaussian, length 3– Carrier spacing: (1+0.15)BW = 2.3 GHz– Bit rate (CP=25%, CR=3/4): 1 Gbps

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission


Coded bit rate @ highest sample rate (3.333 Gsamples/s)

ModeBits per symbol

CPCode rate

Symbol rate (Gsymb/s)

Coded bit rate

(Gbit/s)BPSK / GMSK 0.50 0.83

0.67 1.110.75 1.250.50 0.670.67 0.890.75 1.00

QPSK 0.50 1.670.67 2.220.75 2.500.50 1.330.67 1.780.75 2.00

8-PSK 0.50 2.500.67 3.330.75 3.750.50 2.000.67 2.670.75 3.00

1

2

3

0

0.25

0

0.25

0

0.25

1.667

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

System parameters (4) - Scalability

x 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4

ModeBits per symbol

CPCode rate

Symbol rate (Gsymb/s)

Coded bit rate

(Gbit/s)

Symbol rate (Msymb/s)

Coded bit rate

(Mbit/s)


Coded bit rate

(Gbit/s)


Coded bit rate

(Mbit/s)BPSK / GMSK 0.50 0.83 208 52 13

0.67 1.11 278 69 170.75 1.25 313 78 200.50 0.67 167 42 100.67 0.89 222 56 140.75 1.00 250 63 16

QPSK 0.50 1.67 417 104 260.67 2.22 556 139 350.75 2.50 625 156 390.50 1.33 333 83 210.67 1.78 444 111 280.75 2.00 500 125 31

8-PSK 0.50 2.50 625 156 390.67 3.33 833 208 520.75 3.75 938 234 590.50 2.00 500 125 310.67 2.67 667 167 420.75 3.00 750 188 47

FS-A FS-B FS-C FS-D

1

2

3

0

0.25

0

0.25

0

0.25

1.667 416.7 104.2 26.0

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

System parameters (5) – Frequency plan2.3 GHz

575 MHz

FS-A

FS-BFS-CFS-D

FS-B, FS-C and FS-D use same center frequencies

FS-B, FS-C and FS-D can exploit flat portion of spectrum diversity gain

Simple synthesizer design

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

PSDs

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

PSD of M-PSK before PA

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

f - Fc [GHz]

Av

era

ge

Po

we

r S

pe

ctr

um

[d

B]

Infinity Output BackOff

PSD at input of the receiver with ACI

PSD at input of the receiver without ACI


7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

PSD of M-PSK after PA

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

f - Fc [GHz]

Av

era

ge

Po

we

r S

pe

ctr

um

[d

B]

Output BackOff = 5 dB

PSD at input of the receiver with ACI

PSD at input of the receiver without ACI


7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

PSD of GMSK (before/after PA)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x 109

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency [GHz]

PS

D [

dB]

PSD of GMSK signal

3 adjascent channels

single channel


7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

BER and PER performances

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Modeled non-idealities (combined)

• PA: modified Rapp model– AM-AM: p = 1.1, G = 16 (12 dB)– AM-PM: q = 4.5, A = -885, B = 0.1665

• ADC:– Resolution:

• 5 bits ENOB for M-PSK• 4 bits ENOB for GMSK

– Clipping level: 2xVrms

• Phase noise:– -87 dBc/Hz– - 20 dB/dec from 1 MHz– -140 dBc/Hz floor

Δf (Hz)

-87 dBc/Hz

-140 dBc/Hz

-20 dB/decade

PSD(dBc/Hz)

1 MHz

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Uncoded BER Performances

• Ideal case– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer

• Combined non-idealities (PA + ADC + Phase noise (with tracking))– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Uncoded BER, ideal front-end

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Uncoded, ideal, LOS13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Uncoded, ideal, cm13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Uncoded BER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Uncoded, nonideal, LOS13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Uncoded, nonideal, cm13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

GMSK and CP-GMSKSensitivity to non-idealities

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

RCPM with and without nonidealities - uncoded.

cm13 no FDE -10%

cm13 -10% worstcm23 -10% worst

cm31 -10% worst

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

BPSK and CP-BPSKSensitivity to non-idealities

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

RBPSK with and without nonidealities - uncoded.

cm13 no FDE -10%


cm31 -10% worst

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

QPSK and CP-QPSKSensitivity to non-idealities

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

RQPSK with and without nonidealities - uncoded.

cm13 no FDE -10%


cm31 -10% worst

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

8-PSK and CP-8-PSKSensitivity to non-idealities

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R8-PSK with and without nonidealities - uncoded.

cm13 no FDE -10%


cm31 -10% worst

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Coded BER/PER Performances

• Ideal case– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer

• Combined non-idealities (PA + ADC + Phase noise (with tracking))– CM13 – Single-tap time-domain equalizer (quasi LOS)– CM13 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM23 – Frequency-domain equalizer– CM31 – Frequency-domain equalizer

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Coded BER, ideal front-end

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Coded, BER, ideal, LOS13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Coded, BER, ideal, cm13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Coded BER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Coded, BER, nonideal, cm31

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Coded, BER, nonideal, LOS13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Coded PER, ideal front-end

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R

Coded, PER, ideal, cm31

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R

Coded, PER, ideal, LOS13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

PER = 0.08 PER = 0.08

PER = 0.08PER = 0.08

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Coded PER, non-ideal front-end (PA, ADC and PN)

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R

Coded, PER, nonideal, cm31

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R


CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

PE

R

Coded, PER, nonideal, LOS13

CPM

QPSKBPSK

8-PSK

PER = 0.08 PER = 0.08

PER = 0.08PER = 0.08

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Link budget, Sensitivity

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Example link budget - BPSK

FrequencyCarrier frequency MHzbandwidth MHzroll-offTxTx power dBmTx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBChannelLOS loss 70.38 80.33 90.19 99.78 dBOxygen attenuation 0.02 0.07 0.21 0.62 dBRx antenna gain 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 dBThermal noise dBmRxNoise figure dBOther RX losses dBcoding ratecoding gain dBprocessing gain dB

SNR, Range, Bit rateSNR BPSK (BER = 1e-5) dBLink margin 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Range 1.31 4.13 12.86 38.78 mCP Overhead %raw spectral efficiency (BPSK) bits/s/HzNet bit rate (LOS) bits/sNet bit rate (NLOS) bits/s

6000020000.2

0.751.250.00

1250

9.59

0.801.001000

10.00

-80.99

6.00-5.00

BPSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Example link budget - QPSK


SNR, Range, Bit rateSNR QPSK (BER = 1e-5) dBLink margin 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Range 0.93 2.93 9.16 27.99 mCP Overhead %raw spectral efficiency (QPSK) bits/s/HzNet bit rate (LOS) bits/sNet bit rate (NLOS) bits/s

0.802.0020002500

0.00

12.60

6.00-5.000.751.25

10.00

-80.99

QPSK

6000020000.2

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Example link budget – 8-PSK


SNR, Range, Bit rateSNR 8-PSK (BER = 1e-5) dBLink margin 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Range 0.51 1.62 5.10 15.82 mCP Overhead %raw spectral efficiency (8-PSK) bits/s/HzNet bit rate (LOS) bits/sNet bit rate (NLOS) bits/s

0.803.0030003750

0.00

17.75

6.00-5.000.751.25

10.00

-80.99

6000020000.2

8PSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Range for different modes / antenna gains

Range for different antenna gain(2 GHz BW - NLOS)

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00

Antenna gain

Ra

ng

e BPSK/CPM 1 / 1.25 Gbps

QPSK 2 / 2.5 Gbps

8-PSK 3 / 3.75 Gbps

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Sensitivity for all modes, all channelsEb/No (dB)

RX level (dBm)

Eb/No (dB)

RX level (dBm)

Bit rate (Gbit/s)

Sample rate (Gsps)

Bandwidth (GHz)

CPMCM13-LOS 6.5 -61.5 6.7 -61.3 1.25CM13-FD 9.5 -58.5 10.1 -57.9CM23-FD 12.9 -55.1 13.4 -54.6CM31-FD 12.2 -55.8 12.7 -55.3BPSKCM13-LOS 5.4 -62.6 6.2 -61.8 1.25CM13-FD 6.7 -61.3 7.2 -60.8CM23-FD 9.6 -58.4 10.1 -57.9CM31-FD 8.6 -59.4 8.8 -59.2QPSKCM13-LOS 5.4 -62.6 6.2 -61.8 2.50CM13-FD 6.7 -61.3 7.2 -60.8CM23-FD 10.3 -57.7 11.0 -57.0CM31-FD 9.2 -58.8 10.0 -58.08-PSKCM13-LOS 9.8 -58.2 11.2 -56.8 3.75CM13-FD 9.9 -58.1 11.2 -56.8CM23-FD 14.7 -53.3 16.6 -51.4CM31-FD 18.5 -49.5 inf inf

2.00

1.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Ideal TRCVR Non-ideal TRCVR

3.333

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Individual non-idealities

• Modeled for CM13-LOS and CM23

• Non-idealities:– PA– ADC– Phase noise compensated– “similar signal” in adjacent bands

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

PA effect

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

BPSK Power Amplifier LOS and cm23

No PA

PA OBO 3dbPA OBO 5db

PA OBO 7db

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

QPSK Power Amplifier LOS and cm23

No PA


PA OBO 7db

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

8PSK Power Amplifier LOS and cm23

No PA


PA OBO 7db

CM23

LOS

CM23CM23

LOS

LOS5 dB back-off is enough

3 dB back-off is acceptable

CPM is unaffected

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Effect of Phase noise

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

BPSK Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23

No PN

Compensated PN -85 dBCompensated PN -87 dB

Compensated PN -90 dB

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

CPM Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23

No PN



0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

QPSK Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23

No PN



0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

8PSK Compensated Phase Noise LOS and cm23

No PN



CM23

LOS

CM23

LOS

CM23

LOS

CM23

LOS

-85 dBc/Hz is enough

-87 dBc/Hz preferred for 8-PSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Effect of Adjacent channel interference

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

BPSK Adjacent Channel Interference LOS and cm23

No interference

Interference 40 dBInterference 35 dB

Interference 30 dB

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

CPM Adjacent Channel Interference LOS andcm23

No interference


Interference 30 dB

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

QPSK Adjacent Channel Interference LOS and cm23

No interference


Interference 30 dB

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

8PSK Adjacent Channel Interference LOS and cm23

No interference


Interference 30 dB

CM23

LOS

CM23

LOS

CM23

CM23

LOS

LOS

+35 dB ACI is ok for most cases

+30 dB for 8-PSK

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Effect of ADC (4 bits)

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

BPSK ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23

No clipping

Clipping 2 sigmaClipping 1.5 sigma

Clipping 1 sigma

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

CPM ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23

No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

QPSK ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23

No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

8PSK ADC 4 bits clipping LOS and cm23

No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

CM23

LOS

CM23

LOS

CM23

CM23

LOS

LOS

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission


0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

QPSK ADC 5 bits clipping LOS and cm23

No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

8PSK ADC 5 bits clipping LOS and cm23

No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

CM23

LOS

CM23

LOS

CM23

CM23

LOS

LOS

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission


0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

CM23

LOS

For CPM and BPSK, 3 bits is ok

For QPSK 4 bits is ok

For 8-PSK, 5 bits is needed in multipath

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R


No clipping


Clipping 1 sigma

CM23

LOS

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Impact of ADC on SC and OFDM

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Average Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Sensitivity to ADC clipping and quantization error -cm13

OFDM-16QAM IdealOFDM-16QAM-ENOB =5

OFDM-8PSK-ideal

OFDM-8PSK-ENOB =5

SC-8PSK-IdealSC-8PSK-ENOB =5

Baseband sample rate = 3.333 Gsps for the 3 modes

• SC-8PSK: 3 Gbits/s

• OFDM-8PSK: 2.4 Gbits/s

• OFDM-16QAM: 3.2 Gbits/s

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Impact of PA on SC and OFDM

Baseband sample rate = 3.333 Gsps for the 3 modes

• SC-8PSK: 3 Gbits/s

• OFDM-8PSK: 2.4 Gbits/s

• OFDM-16QAM: 3.2 Gbits/s

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Average Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R

Sensitivity to PA Nonlinearity - cm13

OFDM-16QAM IdealOFDM-16QAM-OBO =5 dB

OFDM-8PSK-ideal

OFDM-8PSK-OBO =5 dB

SC-8PSK-IdealSC-8PSK-OBO =5 dB

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Manufacturability

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Zero-IF Transceiver

LNA

Q

I

LOI

LOQ

ADC

Frequencysynthesizer

Downconversionmixer

Tunable activelowpass filter

Variablegain

amplifier

PA PPA

Upconversionmixer

DAC

DAC

ADC

Tunable activelowpass filter

Q

I

LOI

LOQ

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Analog Transceiver power consumption

45 nm CMOS process

(External PA in other technology)

Transceiver for (CP-)M-PSK and CP-GMSK

10 dBm output

Receiver # circuitsConsumption

per circuit (mW)

Total consumption

(mW)

LNA 1 10 10downconversion mixer 2 10 20frequency synthesizer 1 75 75variable gain amplifier 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 30 60analog-to-digital converter (5-bit) 2 25 50total RX 235

Transmitter

digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 15 30upconversion mixer 2 10 20power preamplifier (PPA) 1 10 10external power amplifier 1 300 300frequency synthesizer 1 75 75total TX 455

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Analog Transceiver power consumption

45 nm CMOS process

Transceiver for (CP-)GMSK

4dBm output

Receiver # circuitsConsumption

per circuit (mW)

Total consumption

(mW)LNA 1 10 10downconversion mixer 2 10 20frequency synthesizer 1 75 75variable gain amplifier 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 30 60analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 2 13 25total RX 210

Transmitterdigital-to-analog converter (DAC) 2 10 20active lowpass filter 2 15 30upconversion mixer 2 10 20power preamplifier (PPA) 1 10 10frequency synthesizer 1 75 75total TX 155

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Digital Receivers power consumption

45 nm CMOS process

(channel estimation, synchronization not included)

GMAC/s Power Clock AreaCP-GMSK (FDE) receiver 166 66 mW 600 MHz 0.4 mm2GMSK (LOS) receiver 40 19 mW 600 MHz 0.1 mm2CP-M-PSK receiver 104 52 mW 600 MHz 0.26 mm2M-PSK (LOS) receiver 37 18 mW 600 MHz 0.1 mm2Viterbi (K=7) 192 80 mW 600 MHz 0.5 mm2

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Conclusion (1)

• Single carrier modulation can flexibly cope with LOS and non-LOS channels

• Avoids PAPR problem of OFDM low cost, low power ADC and PA

• CPM (GMSK) is overall winner in LOS case (ADC 3 bits, 0 dB back-off)

• CPM is easily combined in DSP architecture• M-PSK modes provide higher rates and

multipath resistance with FDE

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Conclusion

• Single-carrier approach is easily upgradable to higher constellations (QAM)

• Two classes of devices possible:– For LOS scenarios (simple receiver)– For NLOS scenarios (frequency domain equalizer)

• Easy manufacturability in cheap 45 nm CMOS processes

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Back-up Slides

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

CPM parameters reminder

log2M bits/symbol

Pulse shape and length

(rect, raised cos, gaussian, …)

[Anderson, “Digital Phase Modulation”, 1986, Springer (Plenum Press)]

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Achieving spectral efficiency with CPM

3COS,M=4,h=0.25Good spectral performance

3COS,M=2,h=0.5Low complexity

3COS,M=4,h=0.5 Good error performance

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

OFDM vs SC

IFFT CPI Channel CPR FFT FDE

IFFTCPI Channel CPR FFT FDE

Detection

Detection


CPI: Cyclic Prefix InsertionCPR: Cyclic Prefix RemovalFDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer

OFDM

SC-FDE

IFFT CPI Channel CPR FFT FDE

IFFTCPI Channel CPR FFT FDE

Detection

Detection


CPI: Cyclic Prefix InsertionCPR: Cyclic Prefix RemovalFDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer

OFDM

SC-FDE

Payloadsymbols

Cyclic prefix

Payloadsymbols

Cyclic prefix

Payloadsymbols

Payloadsymbols

OFDM

SC-FDECP or Known symbols

CP or Known symbols

Payloadsymbols

Cyclic prefix

Payloadsymbols

Cyclic prefix

Payloadsymbols

Payloadsymbols

OFDM

SC-FDECP or Known symbols

CP or Known symbols

7 May 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c

Submission

Double CP and FFT length for CM31

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0 [dB]

BE

R8-PSK without nonidealities - uncoded

cm13 no FDEcm13 no FDE -10%

cm13

cm13 -10% worst

cm23cm23 -10% worst

cm31

cm31 -10% worst

dcp cm31dcp cm31 -10% worst

Documents

Doc.: IEEE 802.15-0691-01-003c Submission 7 May 2007 André Bourdoux, IMECSlide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks