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July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Submission Title: [CRL-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY Proposal Update for IEEE 802.15.3a] Date Submitted: [18 July, 2003]Source: [Ryuji Kohno, Honggang Zhang, Hiroyo Ogawa ] Company [ (1) Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), (2) CRL-UWB Consortium ]Connector’s Address [3-4, Hikarino-oka, Yokosuka, 239-0847, Japan]Voice:[+81-468-47-5101], FAX: [+81-468-47-5431],E-Mail:[[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ]Re: [IEEE P802.15 Alternative PHY Call For Proposals, IEEE P802.15-02/327r7]Abstract: [Various modifications of our proposed Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) are introduced after brief review of SSA. We perform various SSA UWB proposals as cases with proper kernel functions and pulse shaping, so SSA is able to be introduced to implement either single-band or multiband systems. Moreover, various harmonization based on SSA are investigated considering co-existence, interference avoidance, matching with regulatory spectral mask, and high data rate.]
Purpose: [For investigating the characteristics of High Rate Alternative PHY standard in 802.15TG3a, based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation, pulse waveform shaping and Soft-Spectrum template receiving.]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Proposal Update:
CRL-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY Proposal for
IEEE 802.15.3aRyuji KOHNO
Director, UWB Technology Institute, CRLProfessor, Yokohama National University
Chair, CRL-UWB Consortium
Honggang ZHANG, and Hiroyo OGAWA Communications Research Laboratory(CRL)
& CRL-UWB Consortium
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Major Contributors For This Proposal Update
Ryuji KOHNOShinsuke HARAShigenobu SASAKI Tetsushi IKEGAMI Makoto ITAMI
Kenichi TAKIZAWATetsuya YASUIHonggang ZHANGKamya Y. YAZDANDOOSTYuko RIKUTA
Hiroji AKAHORIYosihito KITAYAMA Yoshiaki KURAISHIToshiaki SAKANEYoichi ISO Masatoshi TAKADA
Yokohama National University Osaka UniversityNiigata University Meiji UniversityScience University of Tokyo
Communications Research LaboratoryCommunications Research LaboratoryCommunications Research LaboratoryCommunications Research LaboratoryCommunications Research Laboratory
Oki Electric Industry Co., LtdCASIO Computer Co., Ltd.NEC Engineering, Ltd.Fujitsu LimitedFurukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
CRL-UWB Consortium CRL-UWB Consortium ●● Organization
UWB Technology Institute of CRL and associating Manufacturers and Academia.
●● Aim ■ R&D and regulation of UWB wireless systems.
■ Channel measurement and modeling with experimental
analysis of UWB system test-bed in band (960MHz,
3.1- 10.6GHz, 22-29GHz, and over 60GHz).
■ R&D of low cost module with higher data rate over
100Mbps.
■ Contribution in standardization with ARIB, MMAC, and MPHPT in Japan.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Outline of Presentation1. Summary of pervious Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) proposals of CRL-
UWB Consortium2. What are the recent improvements in the CRL-UWB Consortium’s proposal ? 2.1 Channel coding/decoding for SSA 2.2 Soft-Spectrum Keying in SSA 2.3 SSA system performance 2.4 Pre-equalization scheme in SSA 2.5 Multiple access scheme with RS Time-Frequency hopping sequence 2.6 Coexistence and narrowband interference mitigation 2.7 Link budget estimation 2.8 Receiver synchronization scheme 2.9 Frame architecture for IEEE802.15.3 MAC layer 2.10 Transceiver architecture based on SSA 2.11 Power consumption 2.12 Antenna practicality3. Global Harmonization with other UWB PHY proposals4. Self-Evaluation 5. Concluding remarks and Backup materials
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
1. Summary of Previous CRL-UWB Consortium’s Proposal on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) UWB
for IEEE802.15.3a WPANs
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)
m1
0
What is Soft-Spectrum Adaptation UWB ?Basic Philosophy Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
Design a proper pulse waveform with high frequency efficiency corresponding to any frequency mask.
Adjust transmitted signal’s spectra in flexible so as to minimize interference with coexisting systems.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
N
kk tftf
1
)()(
Basic Formulation Example of Pulse Generator
N division
Feasible Solution: Pulse design satisfying Spectrum
Mask
Synthesize a proper pulse waveform
In case of multiband, a kernel function is a sinusoidal function.In case of impulse radio, a kernel functionis a Gaussian, Hermitian pulse function etc.
Divide (spread-and-shrink ) the whole bandwidth into several sub-bands Soft Spectrum (spectrum matching) Pulse synthesized by several pulses that have different spectra Soft Spectrum, M-ary signaling
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Single-band Multi-band
In the future, if the restricting ruggedness of regional spectral mask (e.g. FCC mask) is eased, band allocation can be extended below 3.1 GHz or above 10.6 GHz.
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) can correspond freely
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) with Flexible Band Plan
N divisionP
ower
S
pect
rum
31 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 f [GHz]
5 GHz W-LAN
Dual- or Triple-band
N+α division
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) Classification
(1) Free-Verse Type of SSA A kernel function is non-sinusoidal, e.g. Gaussian, Hermitian pulse etc. Single band, Impulse radio
(2) Geometrical Type of SSA A kernel function is sinusoidal with different frequency. Multiband with carriers and Multi-carrier
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
(1) Free-verse Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation Freely design pulse waveforms by synthesizing pulses,
e.g. overlapping and shifting
K-3 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse(Note: band notches clearly happen at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz as
well)
time frequency
2.4GHz 5.2GHz
m1
0
frequencytime
K-4 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse(Note: pulse waveform has more freedom)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Triangular-type envelope Exponential-type envelope
Cosine-type envelope Gaussian-type envelope
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
(2) Geometrical Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
Freely design pulse waveforms using various geometrical type envelopes
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
(b) Simply eliminate the band if other services exist.
(a) Use of frequency band having low emission limit, but the same pulse energy is available by using wider bandwidth.
Multiband/OFDM:Only (b) is availableSSA:Both (a) and (b) are available
If more potential interferer should be considered, (b) does not work because it simply reduce the signal energy.
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) approach provides more option to overcome future potential coexistence issue.
Global Coexistence with other Potential Interferences
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) with flexible pulse waveform and frequency band can perform single and multiband UWB by Free-verse type pulse waveform shaping and Geometrical type pulse waveform shaping, respectively. Interference avoidance for co-existence, harmonization for various proposals, and global implementation can be carried out by SSA. SSA can flexibly adjust UWB signal spectrum so as to match with spectral restriction in transmission power, i.e. spectrum masks in both cases of single and multiple bands. Scalable, adaptive performance improvement Smooth system version-up similar to Software Defined Radio (SDR).
Features of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Harmonization Based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation(SSA)
Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation(SSA)
Geometrical
Free-verse
Kernel functionSSA type
Sinusoidal
Hermitian
Gaussian
Adaptive
Multiband with carrier
Multi-carrier TI: OFDMTI: OFDM
Intel, Wisair, etc.Intel, Wisair, etc.
GA, PhilipsGA, Philips
Time-Frequency Hopping
Time-Frequency coding
ST MicroelectronicsST Microelectronics
CRLCRL
Single/Dual-band
Mitsubishi(5th derivation)
Mitsubishi(5th derivation)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2. Recent Updates in CRL-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) Proposal
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2.1. Channel Coding and Decoding for SSA:Combined Iterative Demapping/Decoding (CIDD)
• Key IdeaKey Idea– Serially concatenated structure between a channel encoder and
pulse mapper
– Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD) can be achieved between Pulse demapper and Channel decoder
ChannelencoderChannelencoder bit interleaverbit interleaver
M-ary pulse mapper
(MBOK, SK, PPM, …)M-ary pulse mapper
(MBOK, SK, PPM, …)
Serially concatenated structureOuter encoder Inner encoder
ChanneldecoderChanneldecoder
DeinterleaverDeinterleaverM-ary Pulsedemapper
M-ary Pulsedemapper
Pulse correlator
Pulse correlator
InterleaverInterleaver
Outer decoderInner decoder
TurbodecoderTurbo
decoder
Turbo decoding is internal iterative decoding
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Combined Iterative Demapping/Decoding (CIDD)
• Results Assumption:
– AWGN channel– 8-ary Bi-phase PPM– Convolutional code, K=3, [7,5]8
– Random interleaver– Interleaver size: 512 bits
CIDD brings larger coding gain !CIDD brings larger coding gain !
1st iteration2nd iteration3rd iteration4th iteration
Eb/N0 [dB]
Bit
Err
or
Ra
te
Turbo decodingK=3, [5,7]8,4th iter.
CIDD
Viterbi decodingK=7, [171, 133]8,
0 1 2 3 4 5 610-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Demap.Demap. Deint.Deint. TurboDec.
TurboDec.
CorrelatorCorrelator
Demap.Demap. Deint.Deint. Conv.Dec.
Conv.Dec.
CorrelatorCorrelator
* CIDD (convolutional coding)
* Turbo decoding (Turbo coding)
Int.Int.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
100 110101 111
t
000 010001 011
t
Modified Hermitian Pulse (MHP)
a) Free-verse type
2.2. Soft Spectrum Keying: Pulse Shape Modulation (PSM)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Free-verse Type SSA Pulse: Modified Hermitian Pulse
Derivative
Tx output Rx input
MHP waveforms with different orders are mutually orthogonal. MHP waveforms may be changed by antenna and channel characteristics,
but still holds orthogonality at the receiver through Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure for transmitted and template waveforms.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Transmit 2 bits by using BPSK/QPSK modulation in each Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse (Inner-keying)
Transmit other more bits by defining different Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse shapes and sequences (Outer-keying)
Transmit 2 bits by using BPSK/QPSK modulation in each Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse (Inner-keying)
Transmit other more bits by defining different Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse shapes and sequences (Outer-keying)
t
100 110101 111
t
000 010001 011
Soft Spectrum Keying: Pulse Shape Modulation (Cont.)
b) Geometrical type
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Supported Bit Rates with Soft-Spectrum Keying
Target
date rateThroughput
Outer
Keying
Inner
KeyingPRI*3
Channel
Bit rate
Coding
Rate*4
55 Mbps*1 62.5 Mbps - BPSK 16 ns 125 Mbps 1/2
110 Mbps 125 Mbps 8-ary PSM BPSK 16 ns 250 Mbps 1/2
200 Mbps 250 Mbps 8-ary PSM BPSK 8 ns 500 Mbps 1/2
480 Mbps500 Mbps 8-ary PSM QPSK 8 ns 625 Mbps 4/5
500 Mbps 16-ary PSM BPSK 8 ns 625 Mbps 4/5
*1: 55 Mbps for preamble and PHY/MAC header parts
*2: Both geometrical type and free-verse type support the same bit rates.
*3: Pulse repetition interval: PRI
*4: Coding: convolutional code (K=3, [5,7]8)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
DFEDFE DemapperDemapper De-interleaverDe-interleaver DecoderDecoder
InterleaverInterleaver
Channelestimation Channel
estimation
CorrelatorCorrelator
Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD)M correlator outputs
#1#2
#M
RemapperRemapper
・・・
frequency
#1 #2 #M
Geometrical type
・・・
time or shape
#1 #2 #M
Free-verse type
M-ary PSM convolutional
2.3. SSA System Performance
• interleaver: random interleaver• interleaver size: 512bits• decoding algorithm: max-log MAP• # of iterations: 4• Including the losses due to
Channel estimation Multipath degradation
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
SSA System Performance (Cont.)
• 8-band, 1/2 rate-convolutional coding, CIDD, DFE• PER as a function of distance and channel model (90% link success probability)
a) Free-verse type
125 Mbps 250 MbpsDistance [m]
Pa
cke
t E
rro
r R
ate
CM1CM2
CM3
CM4
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010-2
10-1
100
Distance [m]
Pa
cke
t E
rro
r R
ate
CM1CM2
CM3
CM4
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010-2
10-1
100
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
SSA System Performance (Cont.)
• 8-band, 1/2 rate-convolutional coding, CIDD, DFE• PER as a function of distance and channel model (90% link success probability)
b) Geometrical type
125 Mbps 250 MbpsDistance [m]
Pa
cke
t E
rro
r R
ate
CM1CM2
CM3
CM4
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010-2
10-1
100
Distance [m]
Pa
cke
t E
rro
r R
ate
CM1
CM2
CM3
CM4
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2010-2
10-1
100
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2.4. Pre-equalization for Pulse Shape Calibration
Pulse shape in both time and frequency domain is strongly affected by filter, antenna and channel characteristics.
Xpost=Y C-1 Ar-1 Fr
-1
Xpre=X Ft -1At -1 Ft
At
C Ar Fr
Y
filterfilter antennaantenna
channelchannel antennaantenna filterfilter
pre-equalizerpre-equalizerXpre
Ft At C Ar Fr
YfilterfilterX antennaantenna channelchannel antennaantenna filterfilter
X
post-equalizerpost-equalizerXpost
X
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Multi-band frequency divisions:
440 MHz separation between sub-bands 538 MHz sub-band bandwidth Our proposed system uses Reed-Solomon(RS) sequence as a TFH sequence
: Reed-Solomon Time-Frequency (RSTF) Hopping Sequence
High Band GroupLow Band Group
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 1513
F [GHz]
No. Fc FL FH No. Fc FL FH
0 3.52 3.251 3.789 8 7.04 6.771 7.309
1 3.96 3.691 4.229 9 7.48 7.211 7.749
2 4.4 4.131 4.669 10 7.92 7.651 8.189
3 4.84 4.571 5.109 11 8.36 8.091 8.629
4 5.28 5.011 5.549 12 8.8 8.531 9.069
5 5.72 5.451 5.989 13 9.24 8.971 9.509
6 6.16 5.891 6.429 14 9.68 9.411 9.949
7 6.6 6.331 6.869 15 10.12 9.851 10.389
Low Band Group (GHz) High Band Group (GHz)
2.5. Simultaneous Operating Piconets in SSA(Geometrical Type)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
S1 7 6 5 2 4 1 3
S2 6 7 4 3 5 0 2
S3 5 4 7 0 6 3 1
S4 4 5 6 1 7 2 0
S5 3 2 1 6 0 5 7
S6 2 3 0 7 1 4 6
S7 1 0 3 4 2 7 5
S8 0 1 2 5 3 6 4
Reed-Solomon Time-Frequency (RSTF) Hopping Sequence
SH1 15 14 13 10 12 9 11
SH2 14 15 12 11 13 8 10
SH3 13 12 15 8 14 11 9
SH4 12 13 14 9 15 10 8
SH5 11 10 9 14 8 13 15
SH6 10 11 8 15 9 12 14
SH7 9 8 11 12 10 15 13
SH8 8 9 10 13 11 14 12
The RS Time-Frequency (RSTF) code has one collision property
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Multiple Access Performance of RSTF sequences
• Coding rate=1/2, K=3, Interleaver size=512 bits• 8-ary PSM+BPSK, AWGN
single user (no interference) 1 interfering user 2 interfering users
Bit
Err
or R
ate
Eb/N0 (dB)
D/I=0dB
0 2 4 6 8 1010-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Bit
Err
or R
ate
Eb/N0 (dB)
1 interfering user D/I=6dB D/I=3dB D/I=0dB D/I=-3dB Single user
(no interference)
0 2 4 6 8 1010-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
BER performance for the number of interfering users, D/I=0dB
BER performance for the different D/I, 1 interfering user
D/I=(Received power ratio for the desired user) / ((Received power ratio for the interfering user)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Multiple Access Performance (Cont.)B
it E
rror
Rat
e
Eb/N0 (dB)
2 interfering users D/I=6dB D/I=3dB D/I=0dB Single user
(no interference)
0 2 4 6 8 1010-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Bit
Err
or R
ate
Eb/N0 (dB)
3 interfering users D/I=6dB D/I=3dB D/I=2dB D/I=0dB Single user
(no interference)
0 2 4 6 8 1010-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
BER performance for the different D/I,2 interfering users
BER performance for the different D/I,3 interfering users
• Coding rate=1/2, K=3, Interleaver size=512 bits• 8-ary PSM+BPSK, AWGN• The same received power for the interfering users
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 31
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
SSA Dual Cycle Pulse
IEEE802.11a
Frequency spectrum with band notch
2.4GHz 5.2GHz
SSA Free-verse Pulse
Frequency spectrum with band notch
2.6. Coexistence and Narrowband Interference Mitigation Interference reduction to/from IEEE802.11a/b WLAN by generating
band notch using SSA pulse
Geometrical typeGeometrical typeFree-verse typeFree-verse type
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
It is possible to vastly improve the influence of interference to/from existing systems including IEEE 802.11a/b WLAN using the SSA pulse. SSA also realizes flexible interference control under various situations.
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Eb/N0B
ER
WithoutInterference
WithInterferenceD/I = 0dB
Dual CyclePulse
BER of DS-SS system while SSA UWB system causing interference
BER of DS-SS system while SSA UWB system causing interference
BER of SSA UWB system while IEEE 802.11a system causing interference
BER of SSA UWB system while IEEE 802.11a system causing interference
Interference reduction to/from existing narrowband systems by generating band notch based on SSA pulse (Cont.)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 33
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2.7. Link Budget Estimation
Parameters Value (>110Mbps) Value (>200Mbps)
Throughput 125 Mbps 250 Mbps
Average TX Power -7.39 dBm -7.39 dBm
Path Loss 64.48 dB
@ 10 m
56.52 dB
@ 4 m
Average RX Power -71.87 dBm -63.91 dBm
Noise Figure 7.0 dB 7.0 dB
Average Noise Power -93.0 dBm -90.0 dBm
Minimum Eb/N0 3.2 dB 3.2 dB
Implementation Loss 3.0 dB 3.0 dB
Link margin 8.0 dB 11.6 dB
RX Sensitivity Level -86.8 dBm -83.8 dBm
a) Free-verse type
Assumption: AWGN, 0dBi TX/RX antenna gain
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 34
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Link Budget Estimation (Cont.)
Parameters Value (>110Mbps) Value (>200Mbps)
Throughput 125 Mbps 250 Mbps
Average TX Power -16.41 dBm -16.41 dBm
Total TX Power -7.38 dBm -7.38 dBm
Path Loss 66.52 dB
@ 10 m
57.66 dB
@ 4 m
Average RX Power -73.91 dBm -65.95 dBm
Noise Figure 7.0 dB 7.0 dB
Average Noise Power -93.3 dBm -90.0 dBm
Minimum Eb/N0 3.2 dB 3.2 dB
Implementation Loss 3.0 dB 3.0 dB
Link margin 5.9 dB 10.9 dB
RX Sensitivity Level -87.1 dBm -83.8 dBm
b) Geometrical typeAssumption: 8-band, AWGN, 0dBi TX/RX antenna gain
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 35
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2.8. Frame Architecture for IEEE802.15.3 MAC Layer PLCP Frame Format in SSA
CRL’s SSA methods, both Free-verse type and Geometrical type,use the same frame format as the IEEE802.15.3 PHY.
PadBits
PLCP Preamble96 repetitions of the same pattern
PHY Header
MACHeader
TailBitsPayload HCS
TailBits
FCS
12.288 µsec
Packet Detection32 patterns
Coarse Timing SynchronizationFrame Synchronization32 patterns
Fine Timing SynchronizationChannel Estimation32 patterns
3 Sections
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 36
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
We can design the waveform of the PN pattern in the preamble which is be detectable for both Free-verse type and Geometrical type receivers.
We can use the reserved bit in the PHY header as an indicator to show which waveform type is employed in the payload, Free-verse type or Geometrical type.
Rate Length Scrambler Init.Reserved
0: Free-verse type1: Geometrical type
PHYHeader
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 37
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
PHY-SAP Throughput
• MPDU_bits is 8160bits (=1020 bytes)
# of frames R_Pay=125Mbps R_Pay=250Mbps R_Pay=500Mbps
1 90.9Mbps 143.2Mbps 201.0Mbps5 98.0Mbps 161.7Mbps 239.5Mbps
# of frames R_Pay=125Mbps R_Pay=250Mbps R_Pay=500Mbps
1 114.3Mbps 210.8Mbps 364.7Mbps5 116.9Mbps 220.0Mbps 393.2Mbps
• MPDU_bits is 32736bits (=4092 bytes)
T_PA_INITIAL = 12.288 μsT_MIFS = 2 μsT_PA_CONT = 6.144 μsT_SIFS = 10 μs
T_PHYHDR + T_MACHDR + T_HCS = 120 bits / 62.5Mbps = 1.92 μsT_MPDU = MPDU_bits / R_PayT_FCS = 32bits (4bytes) / R_Pay
PreamblePHY
HEADERMAC
HEADERHCS MPDU FCS MIFS Preamble
PHY HEADER
MACHEADER
HCS MPDU FCS SIFS
Frame n-1 Transmission Frame n Transmission
: data rate is 62.5 Mbps : data rate is R_Pay (=125, 250 500 Mbps )
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 38
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2.9. Frame and Symbol Synchronization Using the Defined Preamble
PN1 -PN32… PN33 -PN64
… PN65 -PN96…
Preamble structure
Soft Decision
Acquisition / Tracking
Correlator Base-band Unit
Frame
Synchronization
Phase
… … … …
Demodulated Symbol
Sequence
Search Window
Sampling
Data
[Acquisition]
[Tracking]
… … …
Search Window
n n
Tracking Phase
Distance Detection
Reference Symbol
Sequence
Frame
Synchronization
Phase
To show the end of eachsection
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 39
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2.10. Realization of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation Transceiver
Freq. Hopping Synthesizer
LNA
Q
X
X
I
X
X
I
Q
X
X
X
X
+OutputDriver
GCA
GCA
IGCAGCA A/D
A/D QGCAGCA
BaseBand
Processor
I
Q
T/R SW
Free-verseGenerator
LO Sin Demod.
LO Sin DemodulatorGeometrical Rx
Free-verse GeneratorGeometrical Tx
Free-verse Tx Free-verse Rx
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 40
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Time-Frequency Hopping Band-Pass Amplifier
Receiving Interference suppression Synthesizer (spurious) & Mixer performance relaxation Giving Interference suppression
-5 dB ~ -30 dB
In OutLNA
InOutOutputDriver
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8
f0f1f2f3f4f5f6f7
Tx, Rx signal 3.1 Frequency [GHz] 10.6
5GHz WLAN
Am
plifi
er S
21 t0~t1
t1~t2 t2~t3 t4~t5
t5~t6 t6~t7
t7~t8
f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7
Center frequency of band-pass characteristic (LNA, Output Driver) is changed in short time (<50ps) in accordance with hopping of input frequency.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 41
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
2.11. Transmitter Power Consumption in SSA
Geometrical type Total : 215 mW
Waveform Generator
Modulator BPFBase-Band Unit
Soft-Spectrum Processing Bank
RF: 15 mW
Driver 10mW
PLL: 50 mWDigital: 150 mW
Free-verse type
Waveform Generator
Modulator BPFBase-Band Unit
RF: 49mW
Driver 16mW 33mW
PLL: 27 mW Digital: 100 mW
Total: 176mW
Mixer 5mW
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 42
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Receiver Power Consumption in SSA
Base-bandUnit
Correlator
Template Generator
DemodulatorBPF LNA VGA
Digital: 150 mW
Total: 195 mW
Base-bandUnit
Correlator
Template Generator
DemodulatorBPF LNA VGA
Geometrical type
Free-verse type
10mW 10mW ( Mixer ) 7mW
ADC: 35 mW
RF: 27 mW
Total: 262 mW
Digital: 109 mW
16mW 16mW 9mW
ADC: 18 mWRF: 41 mW
PLL: 50 mW
ADC
ADC
PLL: 27 mW
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 43
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Antenna form (Antenna + RF circuit)– smaller size for PC Card, Compact Flash, Memory Stick, SD Memory, etc.
Antenna size 1.0 inch x 1.0 inch
Frequency response
VSWR < 3.0
Impulse response Pulse shaping almost not changed
Radiation characteristics
Omni-direction
Gain : around 2dBi
2.12. Antenna Practicality
Response characteristics are almost flat across frequency range.
Suitable for Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) applications.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 44
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Fig. 1 Antenna gain characteristics proposed by CRL-UWB Consortium
Fig. 2 Antenna VSWR characteristics proposed by CRL-UWB Consortium
Fig. 3 Antenna S11 characteristics proposed by CRL-UWB Consortium
Frequency [GHz]4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Frequency [GHz]3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Frequency [GHz]3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Gain/Axial Ratio (Theta=0.0, Phi=0.0) VSWR
Ma
gn
itude
of
VS
WR
Scattering Matrix
3
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
Gain(P-Input)Gain(P-accepted)
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5M
ag
nitu
de o
f G
ain
/Axi
al R
atio
[dB
i]
0
Ma
gn
itude
of
Sca
tte
ring
Ma
trix
[dB
]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 45
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
3. Harmonization Based on SSA for All Proposed UWB Systems
Global Harmonization is the everlasting aim and basic philosophy of CRL-UWB Consortium.
CRL’s Soft-Spectrum Adaptation has a wide capability to be harmonized with all the proposed UWB systems:– Intel, General Atomics, ST Microelectronics,
Samsung, TI, and so on. Just changing the kernel functions and shapes of
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse waveforms.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 46
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Harmonization Based on SSA
Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation(SSA)
Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation(SSA)
Geometrical
Free-verse
Kernel functionSSA type
Sinusoidal
Hermitian
Gaussian
Adaptive
Multiband with carrier
Multi-carrier TI: OFDMTI: OFDM
Intel, Wisair, etc.Intel, Wisair, etc.
GA, PhilipsGA, Philips
Time-Frequency Hopping
Time-Frequency coding
STMicroelectronicsSTMicroelectronics
CRLCRL
Single/Dual-band
Mitsubishi(5th derivation)
Mitsubishi(5th derivation)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 47
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
3.1. SSA Harmonizationwith Intel’s Multi-Band Proposal
• Modulation: M-ary Bi-orthogonal Keying + QPSK• No. of sub-bands: 7• Pulse shape: 3 nsec pulse with rectified cosine shape
*1: In this figure, the extension factor N = 1
The phase of each pulse is determined byanother transmitted information data.
t
f1 f2 f3 f4 *1f1
f2
f3
f4
t
f5
f6
f7Each waveform can be considered tobe a Pulse Shape in Pulse Shape Modulation(PSM).
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 48
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
3.2. SSA Harmonization with STMicroelectronics’ PPM Proposal
• Modulation: 2–PPM + Polarity (for 123 Mbps)• Pulse shape: Full band pulse shape• Channel coding: Turbo coding
• Modulation: 2–PPM + Polarity (for 123 Mbps)• Pulse shape: Full band pulse shape• Channel coding: Turbo coding
* The concept of full band pulse shape of STM is quite close to CRL’s Free-verse SSA philosophy.
Each STM’s waveform can beconsidered to be a Pulse Shape
in SSA’s Pulse Shape Modulation(PSM).
At the receiver, use of correlation between each pulse shape and received waveform gives a
large advantage to the transmission performance.
00 10 01 11
PRI PRI
t
PPM
PSM
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 49
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Potential Harmonization between Free-verse SSA and STMicroelectronics
Time DomainTime Domain
2.4GHz 5.2GHz
0 2 4 6 8 10 12-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
3-7GHz 7 sub-bands3-7GHz gap@5GHz 5 sub-bands
Notch Filter(STMicroelectronics)
Notch Filter(STMicroelectronics)
Frequency DomainFrequency Domain
By SSA itselfBy SSA itself
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 50
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
SSA
(Free-verse)
ST Microelectronic
s
Harmonization
Pulse Shape
& Frequency Band
Including Mono-pulse &
Adaptive
Mono-pulse
& Adaptive Possible
Modulation
BPSK/QPSK
+ PSM
BPSK
+ 4-PPM
Possible if modified
Time Slot 8 nsec
5.4 nsec
7.45 nsec
8 nsec
Possible if modified
STMicroelectronics have proposed “Flexible data rate” where “PRP is easily changed”.
Potential Harmonization between Free-verse SSA and STMicroelectronics (Cont.)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 51
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
3.3. SSA Harmonizationwith General Atomics’s Spectral Keying TM Proposal
• Modulation: Spectral Keying• No. of subbands: 5 (119.6Mbps)• Channel coding: Turbo coding
• Modulation: Spectral Keying• No. of subbands: 5 (119.6Mbps)• Channel coding: Turbo coding
a1a2 a3a4 a5a6 a7a8
Transmitted DataPulse Shape Modulation(outer keying)
Phase Modulation(inner keying)
…
Selection of a Pulse Shape
Selection of a Phase
t
fSK can be viewed as a Frequency-Time coded PSM (Geometrical Type).
t
f1f2f3f4
f1
f2
f3
f4
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 52
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
SSA Harmonizationwith General Atomics’s Spectral Keying TM
Eb/N0 [dB]
Bit
Err
or R
ate
SK parameters: M=T=B=4, P=1
K=3 Conv.+CIDD
K=3 Turbo
Coding rate: 1/2
# of iterations: 4AWGN channel
Interleaver size: 512
>1.5dB
0 1 2 3 4 510-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100• Phase Modulation: BPSK• Turbo coding
−K=3, [5,7]8, RSC−Interleaver size: 256bits
ChannelencoderChannelencoder interleaverinterleaver SK
modulatorSK
modulator
SKDemod.
SKDemod. Deint.Deint. Turbo
Dec.TurboDec.
CorrelatorCorrelator
Conv. or turbo
SKDemod.
SKDemod. Deint.Deint. Conv.
Dec.Conv.Dec.
CorrelatorCorrelator
* For turbo coding (GA),
* For convolutional coding (Proposed),
Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD)Combined iterative demapping/decoding (CIDD)
ProposedProposed
t
f
f1
f2
f3
f4
Int.Int.
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 53
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Our combined iterative demapping/decoding scheme including Pulse Shape Correlator offers a large advantage in the transmission performance. For example, we confirmed that the performance of Pulse Shape Modulation + Convolutional Code is superior to that of Turbo code.
SSA also have a harmonizing capability with other schemes, such as TI’s Frequency Hopping OFDM scheme and so on, and our iterative decoding scheme is applicable to many proposals in IEEE 802.15.3a.
3.4. Summary of Harmonization Based on SSA
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 54
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
4. Self-Evaluation General Solution CriteriaCRITERIA REF.
IMPORTANCELEVEL
PROPOSER RESPONSE
Unit Manufacturing Complexity (UMC)
3.1 B 0
Signal Robustness
Interference And Susceptibility
3.2.2 A +
Coexistence 3.2.3 A +
Technical Feasibility
Manufacturability 3.3.1 A +
Time To Market 3.3.2 A 0
Regulatory Impact 3.3.3 A +
Scalability (i.e. Payload Bit Rate/Data Throughput, Channelization – physical or coded, Complexity, Range, Frequencies of Operation, Bandwidth of Operation, Power Consumption)
3.4 A +
Location Awareness 3.5 C 0
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 55
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Self-Evaluation PHY Protocol Criteria (Cont.)
CRITERIA REF.IMPORTANCE
LEVELPROPOSER RESPONSE
Size And Form Factor 5.1 B 0
PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate & Data Throughput
Payload Bit Rate 5.2.1 A +
Packet Overhead 5.2.2 A +
PHY-SAP Throughput 5.2.3 A +
Simultaneously Operating Piconets
5.3 A +
Signal Acquisition 5.4 A +
System Performance 5.5 A +
Link Budget 5.6 A +
Sensitivity 5.7 A 0
Power Management Modes 5.8 B +
Power Consumption 5.9 A +
Antenna Practicality 5.10 B +
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 56
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Self-Evaluation (Cont.) MAC Protocol Enhancement Criteria
CRITERIA REF.IMPORTANCE
LEVELPROPOSER RESPONSE
MAC Enhancements And Modifications
4.1. C +
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 57
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
What do we really want to emphasize ?!What do we really want to emphasize ?!
Since R&D of UWB has still been in progress, our standardization procedure should not restrict the progress
by only choosing the easiest current technologies.
Since R&D of UWB has still been in progress, our standardization procedure should not restrict the progress
by only choosing the easiest current technologies.
On the contrary, we should leave more flexibilities and freedoms in signaling, modulation, spectrum matching, etc.,
especially at UWB physical layer.
On the contrary, we should leave more flexibilities and freedoms in signaling, modulation, spectrum matching, etc.,
especially at UWB physical layer.
That’s why we need SSA !That’s why we need SSA !
5. Concluding Remarks
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 58
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Backup Materials
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 59
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Freq. Hopping Synthesizer
LNA
Q
X
X
IX
X
I
Q
X
X
X
X+
OutputDriver
GCA
GCA
IGCAGCA A/D
A/D QGCAGCA BaseBand
Processor
I
Q
T/R SW
• Geometrical Rx
• Multi-band OFDM
RF: 27 mW
PLL: 50 mW
ADC: 35 mW
AFE:AFE:187187mWmW
AFE:AFE: 112112mWmW
Power consumption (Receiver)Power consumption (Receiver)
Pre-SelectFilter
LNA
sin (2fct)
cos(2fct)
Syn
chro
niza
tion
Rem
ove
CP
FF
T
FE
QR
emo
ve P
ilots
Vite
rbi
Dec
oder
De-
scra
mbl
er
AGCCarrierPhaseand
TimeTracking
De-
Inte
rleav
er
I
Q
LPF
LPF
VGA
VGA
ADC
ADC
OutputData
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 60
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Freq. Hopping
Synthesizer
LNA
Q
X
X
IX
X
I
Q
X
X
X
X+
OutputDriver
GCA
GCA
IGCAGCA A/D
A/D QGCAGCABaseBand
Processor
I
Q
T/R
SW
• Geometrical Tx
• Multi-band OFDM
RF: 15 mW
PLL: 50 mW
AFE:AFE: 160160mWmW
AFE:AFE:6565mWmW
Power consumption (Transmitter)Power consumption (Transmitter)
DACScramblerConvolutional
EncoderPuncturer
BitInterleaver
ConstellationMapping
IFFTInsert Pilots
Add CP & GI
Time Frequency Code
cos(2fct)
InputData
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 61
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Comparison and Harmonization between SSA (Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal
SSA (Geometrical) Samsung Harmoniza-tion
Pulse shape
Basic wave
Window
4ns width
Sine-wave
Window
2.5ns width
Possible
Freq. band
Adaptive, not specified
700 MHz, if necessary
700 MHz
10 Band
Possible
Modula-tion
BPSK,QPSK + PSM
D(B)PSK + PPM(2,4)
Possible if modified
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 62
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Another Example of Multi-band Plan in SSA
Optional Band GroupMandatory Band Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
f
No. Fc FL FH No. Fc FL FH1 3.45 3.1 3.8 4 5.56 5.21 5.912 4.12 3.77 4.47 5 6.23 5.88 6.583 4.79 4.44 5.14 6 6.9 6.55 7.25
7 7.57 7.22 7.928 8.24 7.89 8.599 8.91 8.56 9.2610 9.58 9.23 9.9311 10.25 9.9 10.6
Mandatory Band Group Optional Band Group
11
Multi-band frequency divisions:– 670 MHz separation between sub-bands– 700 MHz sub-band bandwidth
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 63
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
SSA (Geometrical)
Samsung Harmoniza-tion
Time slot and
Guard-interval
8ns
2nd half of time slot can be used as Guard-interval
In 2PPM,
2.5ns×2
Symbol period is 71.4ns
Possible if modified
Considered on the basis of Samsung’s Proposal: IEEE802.15-03/135r1
Comparison and Harmonization between SSA (Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal (Cont.)
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 64
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Support modulation with each other because of the modulation similarity: BPSK and DPSK.
Make both methods compatible because pulse shape of PSM can be adapted to PPM pulse shape.
Harmonization in Modulation between SSA (Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal (Cont.)
Signal can be processed with two kinds of pulse shapes of SSA
t
t
00
11
t
t
01
10
5ns
5ns
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 65
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
SSA Transmitter Samsung receiver
SSA signal as Multipath components.
Samsung Transmitter SSA receiverInterval with no signal.
9 time slots (8ns*9=72ns) are nearly equal to 71.4ns.
Harmonization in Time Slot between SSA (Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal (Cont.)
t
4ns
t
00
5ns
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 66
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
Proposed specific SSA pulse (Modified Hermite Pulse) with Gram-Schimidt orthogonalization
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 67
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
July, 2003
CRL-UWB ConsortiumSlide 68
doc.: IEEE 802.15-03/097r5
Submission
BER performance of the proposed SSA pulse(Modified Hermite Pulse) with Gram-Schimidt
orthogonalization