Do We Possess It? Assessing the Spirit of 1Malaysia in PISMP Students

7/30/2019 Do We Possess It? Assessing the Spirit of 1Malaysia in PISMP Students

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Do We Possess It?

Assessing the Spirit of 1Malaysia inPISMP Students

Nil Farakh Sulaiman

Che Balkis IsmailZainon Esa

Muaaz Muhammad


2/13

BACKGROUND

A poll conducted by the Merdeka Centre for Opinion

Research pertaining to the YAB Datuk Seri NajibRazaks100 days in the Prime Minister Office:

76% were aware of the 1Malaysia concept

23% agreed that it promotes unity between the

various races 18% said it is fairness and equality among the races.

Based on these findings, it shows that Malaysiansgenerally are not very clear about the 1Malaysiaconcept.

Interestingly however, out of 4,095 participantsinterviewed by the Information Department withregard to the 1Malaysia concept, 68% agreed toaccept the concept as a daily practice which must besupported.


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1MALAYSIA CONCEPT From the birds eye view the idea about making

all Malaysians of different ethnicities andreligions to fully understand and respect eachothers culture to achieve a better future forMalaysia in terms of socio economy and political

stability. Specifically, the concept revolves around:

1. 8 central values, i.e. the culture of excellence,perseverance, acceptance, education, integrity,

meritocracy, humility and loyalty

2. 3 basic tenets to enhance unity: principle ofacceptance, principal of national spirit and principleof social justice.

3. unity in diversity


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BANKS TYPOLOGY OF ETHNIC

IDENTITY

One of the avenues to assess ones culturalprofile as well as cultural awareness

Important tenet: Ethnic groups as not monolithic but dynamic and

complex the typology is multidimensional but notstatic

The typology hypothesizes: some individuals may never experience a particular

stage

once an individual experiences a particular stage, heor she is likely to experience the stages above itsequentially and developmentally

individuals may progress or regress across stages at

various times


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6-STAGE

STRUCTURE

OF BANKS

TYPOLOGY OF

ETHNIC

IDENTITY

Stage 1

EthnicPsychological

Captivity

Stage 2

Ethnic

Encapsulation

Stage 3

Ethnic

IdentityClarification

Stage 4

Biethnicity

Stage 5

Multiethnicity &

Reflective

Nationalism

Stage 6

Globalism &

Gobal

Competency


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RESEARCH PURPOSE & QUESTION

Purpose: To investigate the existence of the spirit of

1Malaysia in PISMP students by

determining their ethnic identity, based on

the 6-stage structure of Banks Typology of

Ethnic Identity

Research question:

Does the spirit of 1Malaysia significantly

exist in PISMP students?


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METHODOLOGY

Research Design: cross-sectional survey

Participants: 603 PISMP students (Cohorts2007 2010)

Instrument: theory-based self-constructed Q

Ethnic Identity Scale (EIS), contains 100 items Pilot Study 30 PISMP students (Oct, 2009)

Procedure Actual data collection: Jan Feb 2010

Administered during class hour to ensure high

return rate

Missing data were imputed with the mean of the

item


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DATA ANALYSIS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine

dimensionality of the construct

Varimax rotation

Underwent 12 deletion processes

Normality, linearity, homoscedasticity andindependence of observation

Acceptable requirements for the reasonableness ofassumptions of applying PCA:

Bartletts Test ofSphericity > .800

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy >

.50 Eigenvalue > 1.0

Factor loading >.60

Standard Deviation > 1.0

Total Variance Explained > 60%


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RESULTS Extracted 7 dimensions from 4 stages:

Stage 1 Ethnic Psychological Captivity

Negative Internalization

Ethnic Negativity

Ethnic Self-Rejection

Stage 2 Ethnic Positive Encapsulation

Stage 3 Ethnic Identity Clarification

Stage 6 Globalism & Global Competency

Global Understanding

Global Competency


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FINDINGS RQ - The spirit of 1Malaysia does not significantly exist in

PISMP students The most significant factor (27.8% of the variance) and the

second most significant factor (10.4% of the variance) arederived from stages 6 and 3 respectively.

Semua etnik di dunia boleh hidup bersatu padu jika

menerima antara satu sama lain Saya berasa selesa bergaul dengan kawan dari etnik lain.

These items offer the nuance of positive personal ethnicand national identifications; a criterion of Stage 5

Notably, the highest stage, Globalism & Global Competency

explains 33.8% of the variance, a noteworthy sign thatparticipants might reflexively experience lower stages.

Thus, the spirit of 1Malaysia may exist in the participantsbut not strong enough to be validated significantly.


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FINDINGS Stage 1 Ethnic Psychological Captivity validates 17.6%

of the variance; the summation of three dimensions. Saya rasa kumpulan etnik saya ketinggalan dalam banyak

aspekekonomi dan pendidikan

Amalan adat dan budaya etnik saya merumitkan saya

Saya malu bergaul dengan kawan-kawan dari etnik lain

This finding may be explained from the demographicperspective

nearly 90% of the participants are Malays

parents ethnicities indicate that mixed-marriage hardlyoccur among them

nearly 40% of the mothers are housewives

about 60% live in suburban area

90% use Malay language as their major daily language

only .2% use English as their major daily language


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SUGGESTIONS

1. International level participation

2. Create a community that places importance

on education and knowledge over and above

anything else knowledge culture vis--vis

research culture

3. A reading culture begets open-minded

Malaysians (specifically Malays).

4. Arts and other cultural aspects of Malaysiashould also be enriched by the amalgamation

of the myriads of cultures available in

Malaysia.


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THANK YOU

Documents

Do We Possess It? Assessing the Spirit of 1Malaysia in PISMP Students