Do Now – World History

In the Middle Ages, and the system of feudalism, who were common people loyal to?

Also in the Middle Ages, who was on top of the social pyramid?

The Thirty Years War

(It lasted 30 years)

1618 - 1648

“Nation” (In the Middle Ages)

Who leads a nation?

Who grants that leader the authority to rule?

By these answers, how would we define a nation in the Middle Ages?

Example of a Middle-Ages Nation: Holy Roman Empire

Over 250 small kingdoms, each run by princes“United” by a single Emperor,

Emperor had no real authority, and no additional landUsually was named Emperor by the Pope as a rewardOften “ruled” from an outside country

These kingdoms often fought religious wars against one another

Peace of Augsburg, 1555

Agreement in the Holy Roman Empire (“HRE”) in 1555Signed by Emperor Charles VPrinces could choose Catholic or Lutheran for their

kingdom

What was the purpose of the Peace of Augsburg?How effective do you think this peace was?

Peace of Augsburg, continued

What religion did the Peace of Augsburg not account for?

How might this lead to the collapse of the Peace of Augsburg?

Yup, you’re right: #UnGood

In 1617, Ferdinand II, the new King of Bohemia, changed the official religion to Catholicism.

Bohemia had been a Protestant (Lutheran) area.

How might have the people of Bohemia reacted?

Fighting Breaks Out

In 1618, the Protestant kingdom of Bohemia revolted against Ferdinand II, who had now become Holy Roman Emperor.

Fighting began after some Protestant officials threw Catholic officials out of a second-story window, in an event known as the Defenestration of Prague.

Ferdinand II tried to conquer neighboring kingdoms to convert them to Catholicism.

A Civil War

This led to a civil war between Catholic and Protestant kingdoms within the Holy Roman Empire.

None of the rulers could afford to pay their soldiers

What might happen as a result of soldiers not being paid?

Domestic Effects of the War

Soldiers plundered the villages and fields for food.

As many as half the people in the HRE were killed in the war or starved to death, due to food shortages.

Other Nations Join

Why would other nations join the war?

Other Nations Join

Catholics versus Protestants

Take territory“Help a brother out”Squeezed in the

middle

The End of the War

The Peace of Westphalia ended the war in 1648It revolutionized Europe(I think it’s the most important thing you will learn this

year)