Do NowMonday, January 23, 201

What do you recall about

states of matter? Write

your answer using

complete sentences.3.5 minutes

Do Now Check

By the end of the day

today, IWBAT…

• Describe the various

states of matter.

Why it matters in LIFE:

Learning about the

different states of

matter will assist in

learning about our

environment.

Why it matters in THIS

CLASS: You will conduct

labs all year long that will

require mastery of these

concepts! (Plus test.)

Monday, 01/23/17

P.S.1; P.S. 2-11:

Distinguish between scientific hypotheses

and scientific theories.

By the end of today, IWBAT…

Explain differences in states of matter

Essential Question:

How do we differentiate between the different

states of matter?

Topic:

States of Matter

MatterAnything that has mass and volume

Can you think of anything that is not matter?

A Scientific Theory The Kinetic Theory of Matter!

Kinetic = MovingAtoms = Tiny Parts

Kinetic Energy = Amount of Movement

All matter is made up of tiny parts that are constantly moving. When matter has more

energy it has faster moving parts.

What causes a change in the kinetic energy of matter?

The state of matter is controlled by temperature

Temperature is the

measure of heat energy

Solid Liquid Gas

5 Physical States of Matter

•Solid •Liquid•Gas

•Plasma•Bose-Einstein

How many states of matter are there?

Solid•Particles are tightly compact

•Particles vibrate without the ability to move freely

•Definite shape and volume

•Lack enough energy for particles to break free

Liquid•Particles are tightly compact

•Particles can move around each other

•No definite shape, but definite volume

•Enough energy to break the bonds between particles but not enough to escape from each other

Gas• Particles can spread out or move close together

• Particles move freely and quickly

• No definite shape or volume

• Enough energy for particles to separate completely from one another

Plasma•Exist at extremely high temperatures (several million degrees Celsius)

•Particles travel so fast they break apart and electrons are stripped from their atom -ionization

•This form is not too common on earth, however it is the most common form of matter in the universe

•No definite shape or volume

•Examples: florescent and neon lights, lightning, the sun, aurora borealis

Why do you think this is the most common form/state of

matter in the universe?

Bose-Einstein Condensate

•Formed when supercooledto close to 0 Kelvin (-273o C or -460 oF)•They condense into “super-atoms” which then behave like waves•0 Kelvin is the temperature when molecules stop moving•0 Kelvin is known as absolute zero•0 Kelvin has not been observed and is not known to exist anywhere

Energy and the States of Matter

More energy means

more movement

Less energy means

less movement

Low Heat High Heat

FluidsWhen particles move in a liquid it is called

flow or pourWhich is pour? Which is flow?Pour is influenced by gravity Flow can be any direction

Can gases pour and flow?

Principle of Fluids

Fluids = liquid and gasBuoyancy = fluids push upDisplaced = taking the place of

Archimedes’ PrincipleThe amount force that a gas or liquid pushes up is

equal to the weight of the object taking the place of the fluid

Bill Nye explains buoyancy(stop at 3:00 minutes)

Pressure: is a force that can influence all states

of matter!

Is caused by particles colliding with their environment or each other

It is measured in units of Pascal (Pa): Equal to 1 newton per square meter(1 N = force needed to move 1 kg 1m/sec/sec)

The phase from….Liquid to Gas: Evaporation or Vaporization• Evaporation takes place below the boiling

point of the liquid• Vaporization takes place above the

boiling point of the liquid• In order for the phase from Liquid

to Gas to occur energy is taken into make the particles separate, we call this heat of vaporization

The phase from….Gas to Liquid: Condensation

Releases energy

(heat of vaporization)

The same amount

of energy is required

to change from a liquid to a gas

The phase from….Solid to Liquid: MeltingRequires energy to break the physical bonds holding the

particles together, this energy is called heat of fusion

The phase from….

Liquid to Solid:

Solidification (freezing)

Releases energy (heat of fusion)the same amount of energy requiredto change from a solid to a liquid(the heat of fusion in reverse)

The phase from….

Solid to Gas: Sublimation

A solid changes directly to a gas without going through the liquid state

Gas to Solid: Deposition

A gas changes directly to a solid without going through the liquid state

Heat of vaporization

•Molecules have an attractive force•cohesion or adhesion holds the particles close together•Heat of vaporization is needed to break the attractive forces so they can completely separate from each other forming a gas

So, how strong are these attractive forces?Cohesion demonstration

Molecules stick together because…Opposites Attract

CohesionSame

kind of particles

AdhesionDifferent

kind of particles

When matter changes states it is called a

change of phasePlasma

ionization

deionization

Chemical or Physical Property?

1. Paper is white

2. Boiling point of H2O is 100oC

3. Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid and creates hydrogen gas

4. Nitrogen does not burn

5. Sulfur smells like rotten eggs

Physical Property

Physical Property

Physical Property

Chemical Property

Chemical Property

Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

Substance/Matter Physical Property Chemical Property

Helium Less dense than air Nonflammable

Wood Grainy texture Flammable

Baking soda White powder Reacts with vinegar to produce bubbles

Powdered sugar White powder Does not react with vinegar

Rubbing alcohol Clear liquid Flammable

Red food coloring Red color Reacts with bleach and loses color

Iron Malleable Reacts with oxygen

Changes in MatterPhysical Change

•a change in shape, size, color, or state•a change without a change in chemical composition•a change that is reversible•Examples

tearing papercutting your hairchange in state

Changes in MatterChemical Change

•a change in which a substance becomes another substance having different properties•a change that is not reversible using ordinary physical means •Changes that usually cause heat, sound, light, odor, fizzing/foaming, color changes

You usually need more than one of the above characteristics to be considered a chemical change!

•Examplescombining sulfuric acid and sugar

burning a piece of woodsoured milk

Chemical or Physical Change?

1. Bending a Paper Clip

2. Baking a cake

3. The sublimation of carbon dioxide

4. Crushing an aluminum can

5. Vinegar and baking soda combining to create salt and water

Physical Change

Chemical Change

Chemical Change

Physical Change

Physical Change

There is no observable change in the quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or a

physical change.

In other words, matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It is just converted from one

form to another