•Do Now: What are the Do Now: What are the biggest and smallest biggest and smallest planets?planets?

•I can explain the phases I can explain the phases of the moon.of the moon.

Tuesday 4-9-13Tuesday 4-9-13

Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Jupiter-Saturn-Uranus-Neptune

• MercuryMercury -58,000,000 km – 0.4 AU-58,000,000 km – 0.4 AU

• Venus – 108,000,000 km- .7 AUVenus – 108,000,000 km- .7 AU

• Earth – 150,000,000 km – 1.0 AUEarth – 150,000,000 km – 1.0 AU

• Mars – 227,000,000 – 1.5 AUMars – 227,000,000 – 1.5 AU

• Jupiter – 778,000,000 – 5.2 AUJupiter – 778,000,000 – 5.2 AU

• Saturn – 1,429,000,000 – 9.5Saturn – 1,429,000,000 – 9.5

• Uranus – 2,869,000 000 – 19Uranus – 2,869,000 000 – 19

• Neptune 4505,000,000 – 30 AUNeptune 4505,000,000 – 30 AU

Our Solar SystemOur Solar SystemOur solar system is Our solar system is

made up of:made up of:

•SunSun

•Eight planets (+moons)Eight planets (+moons)

•Asteroids, Comets, PlutoidsAsteroids, Comets, Plutoids

Inner PlanetsInner Planets

The inner four The inner four rocky planetsrocky planets at at the center of the solar system the center of the solar system are:are:

• MercuryMercury

• VenusVenus

• EarthEarth

• MarsMars

MercuryMercury• Planet nearest the sunPlanet nearest the sun

• Covered with cratersCovered with craters

• Has no moons or ringsHas no moons or rings

• About size of Earth’s moonAbout size of Earth’s moon

VenusVenus• Sister planet to EarthSister planet to Earth

• Has no moons or ringsHas no moons or rings

• Hot, thick atmosphereHot, thick atmosphere

EarthEarth• Third planet from sunThird planet from sun

• Only planet known to have life Only planet known to have life and liquid waterand liquid water

• Atmosphere composed of Atmosphere composed of composed of Nitrogen (78%), composed of Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), and other gases Oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%).(1%).

MarsMars• Fourth planet from sunFourth planet from sun

• Appears as bright reddish color Appears as bright reddish color in the night skyin the night sky

• Surface features volcanoes and Surface features volcanoes and huge dust stormshuge dust storms

Outer PlanetsOuter Planets

The outer planets composed The outer planets composed of of gasgas are : are :

•JupiterJupiter

•SaturnSaturn

•UranusUranus

•NeptuneNeptune

JupiterJupiter• Largest planet in solar Largest planet in solar

systemsystem• Brightest planet in skyBrightest planet in sky• Giant red spotGiant red spot

SaturnSaturn• 66thth planet from sun planet from sun• Beautiful set of rings Beautiful set of rings • Largest moon, Titan, Largest moon, Titan, • Voyager explored Voyager explored

Saturn and its rings.Saturn and its rings.

UranusUranus• 77thth planet from sun planet from sun• Covered with cloudsCovered with clouds• Uranus sits on its side Uranus sits on its side

with the north and with the north and south poles sticking out south poles sticking out the sides.the sides.

NeptuneNeptune• 88thth planet from sun planet from sun• Triton largest moonTriton largest moon• Great Dark Spot Great Dark Spot

thought to be a hole, thought to be a hole, similar to the hole in similar to the hole in the ozone layer on the ozone layer on EarthEarth

Outermost Planet?Outermost Planet?

•PlutoPluto– Mostly iceMostly ice– Smaller than Moon. Smaller than Moon.

•Never visited by Never visited by spacecraftspacecraft

•Orbits very slowlyOrbits very slowly•Moon, Charon, is very Moon, Charon, is very

close to Pluto and close to Pluto and about the same sizeabout the same size

•2006-”plutoid”2006-”plutoid”

AsteroidsAsteroids

• Between Mars and Between Mars and JupiterJupiter

• 100,000 rocky bodies 100,000 rocky bodies • Left over from the Left over from the

beginning of the solar beginning of the solar system?system?

• Largest asteroids Largest asteroids have been given have been given namesnames

CometsComets•Eccentric orbit around sunEccentric orbit around sun

•Central mass covered in iceCentral mass covered in ice

•Trails icy dustTrails icy dust

Hailey’s CometHailey’s Comet

Asteroid beltAsteroid belt

•Trillions of objectsTrillions of objects

•30-50 AU from sun30-50 AU from sun

•Icy objectsIcy objects

•Pluto is a partPluto is a part

Kuiper beltKuiper belt

Kuiper beltKuiper belt

•50-100,000 AU from the sun?50-100,000 AU from the sun?

•2 trillion comets2 trillion comets

•Small icy bodiesSmall icy bodies

•Travel past the SunTravel past the Sun

•Give off gas and dust as Give off gas and dust as they pass bythey pass by

Oort cloudOort cloud

Oort CloudOort Cloud

• 120,00 light years across120,00 light years across

• 12,000 light year bulge in 12,000 light year bulge in middlemiddle

• 200-400 billion stars200-400 billion stars

• 90% dark matter90% dark matter

Milky wayMilky way

Milky WayMilky Way

Interactive: http://workshop.chromeexperiments.com/stars/

Mason MS is in theMason MS is in theVirgo SuperclusterVirgo Supercluster

Our universe

Gravity-Holding it all Gravity-Holding it all togethertogether

•What happens if the mass of the center object increases or decreases?

•What if the distance of the orbiting object increases or decreases?

Phases of the moonPhases of the moon

Phases of the moonPhases of the moon

Solar

Lunar

Lunar and solar eclipse

•Use the balloon as a scale Use the balloon as a scale model for the sun (30 cm)model for the sun (30 cm)

•Calculate the scaled size of Calculate the scaled size of all the planets and record.all the planets and record.

•Use play-dough to make the Use play-dough to make the planets to scaleplanets to scale

•Answer: How many cm from Answer: How many cm from Earth to sun?Earth to sun?

Making planets: Q.#4Making planets: Q.#4Must have diagrams Must have diagrams completecomplete

Doing the mathDoing the math

•30 cm = 1,390,000 km30 cm = 1,390,000 km

•1cm = __________km1cm = __________km

TomorrowTomorrow

Phases of the moonPhases of the moon

1.1.Write the LT in your own Write the LT in your own words.words.

2.2.What was the most What was the most important thing you important thing you learned today?learned today?

3.3.What are still the most What are still the most unsure about?unsure about?

ExitExit