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Do Now – Section 2.31. What element is considered the building block of
life?1. Carbon
2. How many electrons does carbon have available for bonding?
1. 4
3. What type of bond does carbon form?1. Covalent bonds
PROJECT DUE NEXT TUESDAY!
Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms. - Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbon-Based Molecules
Section 2.3
Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms. - Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbon CompoundsWhat does it mean to be organic?
Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON
Carbon >contains 4 valence e-
> can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or
other elements
Large carbon compounds (analogy= necklace)
• Monomers are simple carbon molecules. Ex. Link in necklace
• Polymers are molecules made of many monomers. (monomer + monomer = polymer) Ex. Whole necklace
• Macromolecules are made of many polymers (polymer + polymer = macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace
How do Monomers link to form Polymers???
…through condensation reactions (called dehydration synthesis)
Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O)
Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)
Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
+
Answer:
+ H20
Do Now
• What is the element found in all organic compounds?– Carbon
• What is the process called that links two monomers together to form a polymer?– Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction
• What is removed during the above process?– Water
Organic Compounds
There are 4 main classes of organic compounds which are essential to the life processes of all living things.
CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
I. Carbohydrates
Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen)
Monosaccharides –monomer of carbs like sugars
Main fuel provider and energy source of living things, used for structures in cells
Polysaccharides Polymer made of 3 or more
monosaccharides
Ex. 1. Glycogen (animal starch)
Excess sugar (glycogen) is released from liver when your blood sugar runs low
2. Cellulose (in plants)
Tough, flexible (found in cell wall) gives plants rigidity & strength.
II. Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N and sometimes
sulfur Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds) For building bones and muscles, as well
as cell membranes and enzymes Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans
Proteins Proteins are made of monomers of amino
acids Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids Enzymes = polypeptides Peptide Bonds links amino acids
together
III. Lipids Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids Used to store energy. Important part in
biological membranes and waterproof covering
Ex. Fats, oils, waxes– Fatty acids– Complex Lipids
NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in water)
Fatty Acids1. Fatty acids – unbranched fatty
acid chain makes up most lipids
a) Saturated fatty acids have each C always bonded to four other atoms. Max # of Hydrogen atoms
b) Unsaturated fatty acids have double/triple bonds between carbons.
Phospholipid
Open your textbooks to page 45. Draw Figure 3.5 phospholipid. Label the head and the tail.1.How would the polar head of a phospholipid respond to water molecules?2.How would the nonpolar tails respond to water molecules?
IV. Nucleic Acids Composed of C, H, O, N and P Monomer = Nucleotide
made of 3 components
1. phosphate group
2. 5-carbon sugar
3. Nitrogen base Store important information for
the cell Ex. DNA cellular information
RNA stores/transfers information to make proteins
