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The New Woman ReadingHow would new products make life easier for stay at home wives?

Answer both “Thinking Critically” questions

Chapter 20 Section 4A New Mass Culture

New Trends in Popular Culture

Farms: people worked dawn to dusk, with little time to spare

City life was different Average workweek

fell from 70 hours in 1850 55 hours in 1910 45 hours by 1930

Workweek changed from 7 days to 6 and finally 5

Wages were on the rise

For ChildrenFavorite children's books were "Winnie the Pooh," "Bambi," "Dr. Doolittle," and "The Velveteen Rabbit."

Favorite toys included the new baby doll that said, "mama," paper dolls, and teddy bears for the girls. Boys played with metal trucks, Tinker toys, and Erector sets.

Popular children's games were marbles, jump rope, roller skating, and freeze tag.

Mickey Mouse, Little Orphan Annie, and Felix the Cat were popular cartoon characters.

Americans flock to the Movies With more free time and disposable income, urban

and suburban Americans looked for new forms of entertainment

Silent movies became "talkies" in 1927 Know the first one

The radio and the phonograph werealso powerful instruments of mass culture.

• The first commercial radio station, KDKA, began in 1920.

• Within three years, there were 600 radio stations.

• People all over the country could hear the same music, news, and shows.

• The phonograph allowed people to listen to music whenever they wanted.

• Improvements in recording technology made records popular.

• People listened to the same songs and learned the same dances.

In addition to Hollywood, the world of sports produced some nationally famous heroes.

Baseball player Babe Ruth, nicknamed “The Sultan of Swat,” thrilled people with his home runs.

Thanks to newspapers and radio, millions of people could follow their favorite athletes.

An Age of Heroes

AMERICAN HEROES OF THE 20s In 1929, Americans spent $4.5 billion on entertainment (including sports) People crowded into baseball games to see their heroes Babe Ruth was a larger than life American hero who played for Yankees He hit 60 homers in 1927

• In May 1927, Lindbergh flew his single-engine plane, the Spirit of St. Louis, nonstop from New York to Paris.

• The flight took more than 33 hours.

Aviator Charles Lindbergh became a national hero when he made the first solo flight across the Atlantic.

Women Assume New Roles After the tumult of World War I, Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s Women were becoming more independent and achieving greater freedoms (right to vote, more employment, freedom of the auto)

Chicago 1926

Women who did the Charleston were called "Flappers"

because of the way they would flap their arms and walk like

birds while doing the Charleston.

The Charleston

THE FLAPPER During the 1920s, a new ideal emerged for some women: the Flapper A Flapper was an emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes

How would you feel if police officers enforced dress codes at the beach?

Do you think it would infringe on any civil liberties?

Which ones?

NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN

The fast-changing world of the 1920s produced new roles for women Many women entered the workplace as nurses, teachers, librarians, & secretaries However, women earned less than men and were kept out of many traditional male jobs (management) and faced discrimination

Early 20th Century teachers

THE CHANGING FAMILY

American birthrates declined for several decades before the 1920s During the 1920s that trend increased as birth control information became widely available Birth control clinics opened and the American Birth Control League was founded in 1921

Margaret Sanger and other founders of the American Birth

Control League - 1921

MODERN FAMILY

EMERGES

As the 1920s unfolded, many features of the modern family emerged Marriage was based on romantic love, women managed the household and finances, and children were not considered laborers/ wage earners but rather developing children who needed nurturing and education

• The war’s devastation left many questioning the optimistic Victorian attitudes of progress.

• Modernism expressed a skeptical, pessimistic view of the world.

• Writers and artists explored the ideas of psychologist Sigmund Freud, who suggested that human behavior was driven by unconscious desires.

World War I strongly affected the art and literature of the 1920s.

ARTChallenged tradition and

experimented with new subjects and abstract

styles. Painters like Edward Hopper depicted the

loneliness of American life Georgia O’ Keeffe

captured the grandeur of New York using intensely

colored canvases

Hopper’s famous “Nighthawks”

Radiator Building, Night, New York , 1927

Georgia O'Keeffe

Postwar American Literature

Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the phrase “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920s Fitzgerald wrote Paradise Lost and The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby reflected the emptiness of New York elite society

WRITERS OF THE 1920S

The 1920s was one of the greatest literary eras in American history Sinclair Lewis, the first American to win the Nobel Prize in literature, wrote the novel, Babbitt In Babbitt the main character ridicules American conformity and materialism

WRITERS OF THE 1920

Ernest Hemingway, wounded in World War I, became one of the best-known authors of the era In his novels, The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war His simple, straightforward style of writing set the literary standard

Hemingway - 1929

The Lost Generation

Some writers such as Hemingway Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis were so upset by American culture that they chose to settle in Europe In Paris they formed a group that one writer called, “The Lost Generation”