Do Now - APES1. Have your “How much water” on your desk

ready to be checked.2. Grab a chromebook3. Log on to Albert.io & work on “The Living World”

section (10min)Finish “How much water?”

Work on QSC using today’s notes

Study for your Quiz (10/17 or 10/18)5 vocab10 content MC

Due Next Class

Do Now - EnviSys1. Have your “How much water” on your desk ready to be checked.

2. Prepare flash cards for the words (just write the word on the front):

Groundwater Artesian wellSurface water SpringsAquifer Cone of DepressionWater Table Salt Water IntrusionRecharge EstuaryWetland OligotrophicMesotrophic EutrophicLevee DikeDam ReservoirAqueduct Fish LadderXeriscaping

Due Next ClassFinish “How much water?”

Work on QSC using today’s notes

Study for your Quiz (10/17 or 10/18)5 vocab10 content MC

Unit 4Water & Land Use

Water

Why it matters in LIFE:Part of being a functional human being is being able to understand what’s happening in the world around you!

Why it matters in THIS CLASS: Our Goal = 80%Mastering today’s lesson (focused participation, asking questions, etc) is the first brick that will help us reach our goal for this unit, and eventually for the year

By the end of today, IWBAT…-Understand water as a

renewable/nonrenewable resource-Explain the many ways water is

used in our world

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?71% of Earth’s surface is covered in water!

It keeps us alive!

Moderates our climate

Sculpts the land

Removes and dilutes wastes & pollutants

Moves continually through the hydrologic cycle

Usable Water is Rare

FRESHWATER Only 2.5% of the planet’s water is freshwater.

And only 1% of that exists on Earth’s surface.

Only 1 part in 10,000 of water is easily accessible for drinking and

irrigation.

FRESHWATER BREAKDOWN

Groundwater &

Surface Water

GROUNDWATERAquifers- small spaces found within permeable layers of rock and sediment where water is found.

Unconfined aquifers- an aquifer that is simply porous rock covered by soil.

Confined aquifers- an aquifer surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay.

Water table- the uppermost level at which the water in an area fully saturates the rock or soil.

Recharge- the input process of water percolating into an aquifer.

Springs- water from an aquifer that naturally percolates up to the surface.

Artesian Well- water under impermeable rock will rise up due to the pressure to the surface

GROUNDWATER

GROUNDWATER

Cone of depression- an area where there is no longer any groundwater.

GROUNDWATER

Saltwater intrusion- when the pumping of fresh water out of a well is faster than the recharge. Near coastal areas this can cause salt water to infiltrate the aquifer.

Depletion of groundwater can threaten species who live in the

aquifer!

SURFACE WATERStreams, rivers, lakes, ponds, & wetlands

Wetlands- area of land submerged in water but shallow enough to support emergent vegetation

EX: swamps, bogs, marshes

Estuary- salt and fresh water wetlandEX: mangrove swamp and salt marshes

Fig. 12-11, p. 267

• Deliver nutrients to sea to help sustain

coastal fisheries

• Deposit silt that maintains deltas

• Purify water

• Renew and re-nourish wetlands

• Provide habitats for wildlife

Natural Capital

Ecological Services of Rivers

Productivity in a lake:Oligotrophic- low amounts of nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen.

Mesotrophic- a moderate level of productivity

Eutrophic- high levels of productivity

SURFACE WATER

FLOODING & DROUGHTSCauses

Too much precipitation

Deforestation

Destruction of wetlands

Removal of permeable surfaces creating impervious surfaces-

covering the ground with asphalt, concrete, buildings

Effects• Leads to pollution of water

supply and sewage seeping into the ground.

Causes

Too little precipitation

Effects• Leads to soil erosion,

hydrophobic soil conditions and expanding deserts.

1. If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

a. Chlorination d. Oxygenationb. Decomposition e. Methylationc. Eutrophication

2. As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to

a. increased evaporation and transpirationb. decreased surface runoffc. confinement of aquifersd. loss of recharge areae. capping of artesian wells

4. The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following?

a. The atmosphere d. Rivers and streamsb. Estuaries e. Polar ice caps and glaciersc. Lakes

3. Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas would most likely result in which of the following?

a. Rise in water table d. Saltwater intrusionb. Increase in stream flow e. Decrease in eutrophicationc. Bacterial contamination of surface water

1. If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

a. Chlorination d. Oxygenationb. Decomposition e. Methylationc. Eutrophication

2. As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to

a. increased evaporation and transpirationb. decreased surface runoffc. confinement of aquifersd. loss of recharge areae. capping of artesian wells

4. The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following?

a. The atmosphere d. Rivers and streamsb. Estuaries e. Polar ice caps and glaciersc. Lakes

3. Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas would most likely result in which of the following?

a. Rise in water table d. Saltwater intrusionb. Increase in stream flow e. Decrease in eutrophicationc. Bacterial contamination of surface water

ALTERING THE AVAILABILITY OF WATER

Levees- an enlarged bank of earth built up on each side of the river- prevents flooding around the river

Dikes- similar to a levee but built to prevent ocean waters from flooding adjacent land.

ALTERING THE AVAILABILITY OF WATER

Dams- a barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water.

Reservoir- the area where water is stored behind the dam.

Fish ladders- a set of stairs with water flowing over them that have been added to some dams to help migrating fish such as salmon get upstream.

ALTERING THE AVAILABILITY OF WATER

Aqueducts- canals or ditches used to carry water from one location to another.

Diverting water from the Aral Sea and its two feeder rivers for irrigation has created a major ecological, economic, and health disaster.

About 85% of the wetlands have been eliminated and 50% of the local bird and mammal species have disappeared.

Since 1961, the sea’s salinity has tripled and the water has dropped by 22 meters causing 20 of the 24 native fish species to go extinct.

1964

1973

1987

1999

2009

Overdrawing Surface Water: The Aral Sea Disaster

The Aral Sea’s depletion has been devastating to the local people and their economies.

Hundreds of ships lie stranded in the sand, because water fell so fast.

Overdrawing Surface Water: The Aral Sea Disaster

ALTERING THE AVAILABILITY OF WATER

Desalination- removing the salt from salt water to obtain fresh water.

Cons• Expensive• High energy• Lots of brine waste

Pros• It works!• Large source (ocean)

1. Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following?

I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic useII. Controlling floods upstreamIII. Production of renewable energy

a. I only d. I, II and IIIb. II only e. II and III onlyc. I and III only

2. A ________ prevents rivers from flooding the surrounding area

a. Leveeb. Dikec. Damd. Aqueducte. Reservoir

4. The largest cause of biodiversity decline in the Aral Sea is

a. Habitat loss from overuse of waterb. Invasive aquatic speciesc. Increase temperaturesd. Eutrophication of the watere. Overharvesting of fish populations

3. Fish ladders most commonly help _______ migrate up river and past dams.

a. Troutb. Sturgeonc. Tunad. Salmone. Bass

1. Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following?

I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic useII. Controlling floods upstreamIII. Production of renewable energy

a. I only d. I, II and IIIb. II only e. II and III onlyc. I and III only

2. A ________ prevents rivers from flooding the surrounding area

a. Leveeb. Dikec. Damd. Aqueducte. Reservoir

4. The largest cause of biodiversity decline in the Aral Sea is

a. Habitat loss from overuse of waterb. Invasive aquatic speciesc. Increase temperaturesd. Eutrophication of the watere. Overharvesting of fish populations

3. Fish ladders most commonly help _______ migrate up river and past dams.

a. Troutb. Sturgeonc. Tunad. Salmone. Bass

WATER USE BREAKDOWNAgriculture -70%

Industry – 20%

Household/Residential -10%

Irrigation (watering crops)

Power plant coolant

Drinking, sewage, bathing, dishes, laundry, etc

AGRICULTURE70% - the largest user of water around the world.

Irrigation techniques-

• Furrow irrigation- a trench that is flooded with water.

• Flood irrigation- the entire field is flooded with water.

• Spray irrigation- an apparatus that sprays water across a field.

• Drip irrigation- using a slow dripping hose that is laid on or buried beneath the soil.

• Hydroponic agriculture- crops grown in fertilized water and no soil.

INDUSTRY20% - the 2nd largest user of water around the world.

HOUSEHOLD/RESIDENTIAL10% - the 3rd largest user of water around the world.

FUTURE AVAILABILITY Water ownership- people can have rights to water use, but they do not own the water.

Water conservation- using techniques such as more efficient water fixtures, faucets and washing machines.

•Description: Saving the water we have

•Methods: recycling; conserving at home; xeriscaping; fix leaks

•Benefits: Saves money; Saves wildlife

•Problems: bothersome to people; lack of caring; laziness

1. Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?a. spray irrigation d. gravity-flow irrigationb. laser-level irrigation e. flood irrigationc. drip irrigation

2. What comprises the largest percentage of household water use?

a. Showers/bathsb. Toilet flushingc. Laundryd. Cookinge. Dishwashing

4. Xeriscaping is defined as

a. High irrigation landscapingb. Natural landscapingc. Exotic landscapingd. Normal irrigation landscapinge. Low or no irrigation landscaping

3. Agriculture comprises what percentage of humans’ water usage?

a. 80% d. 20%b. 70% e. 10%c. 60%

1. Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?a. conventional center-pivot irrigationb. laser-level irrigationc. drip irrigationd. gravity-flow irrigatione. flood irrigation

2. What comprises the largest percentage of household water use?

a. Showers/bathsb. Toilet flushingc. Laundryd. Cookinge. Dishwashing

4. Xeriscaping is defined as

a. High irrigation landscapingb. Natural landscapingc. Exotic landscapingd. Normal irrigation landscapinge. Low or no irrigation landscaping

3. Agriculture comprises what percentage of humans’ water usage?

a. 80%b. 70%c. 60%d. 20%e. 10%

How Much Water?

Direct Usage

From what you recorded

Indirect Usage

http://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/interactive-tools/personal-water-footprint-calculator/

Do the Food Consumption piece, and the Industrial Goods (if you know your parents income)!

Complete the pie chart & all Analysis questions for HW

Make sure to read the directions

Option 1

Albert .io on The Living World OR Loss of Biodiversity

Option 2

Work on your QSC