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Do Now 9.19
1. Take out animal behavior Cornell notes so I can check them.
2. What does it mean if an experiment is biased? What is bias?
Animal Behavior
• Instinctual Behavior– automatic processes triggered by specific stimuli.
Present at birth• Simple reflexes: Are not processed by brain, but spinal
cord.• Fixed action pattern: like reflexes but behavior is more
complex.• Imprinting: fast, irreversible learning (e.g. duck mom)
Animal Behavior
• Learned Behavior– Not present at birth.• Habituation: repeated stimuli become ignored.• Classical Conditioning: Pavlov’s dog (association
of stimuli)• Operant conditioning: trial and error learning
based on positive or negative outcomes.
• Circadian Rhythms– Internal “clock” that can regulate behavior,
i.e. activity cycle.
What about the Termites?
• What type of behavior is the trail-following behavior we studied in Reticulitermes flavipes?A. Simple reflexB. Fixed-action patternC. ImprintingD. HabituationE. conditioning
Characteristics of Life
• Try this mnemonic:• OGE2R3
– Organization, growth, energy use, evolution, reproduction, response, regulation.
• Know ‘em… and what they mean!
Bias• What is bias?– Prejudice that favors some data or results over others.
• Only using data that supports or refutes a hypothesis, not all available data.
• Rigging an experiment to produce desired results.
• Why is it a bad thing?– Science must have accurate data to work properly.
• What causes bias– Confirmation bias: see what you want to see.– Conflicts of interest: $$$ and awards / promotions, etc.– Poor experimental design
Experiments
• Heart rate
• Telepathy / ESP
How Science Fights Bias• Peer review process– Trained scientists in the field review research papers to
make sure proper controls were used, and the methods were fair.
• Repeatability– Others in the field will attempt to confirm finding, or add
to them. If they can’t, then the original research will be discredited.
Pharmaceutical Company Bias
• Why Mr. Tomasino is a teacher, and not working for “the man.”
• Avandia article: ongoing lawsuits in the news
• Pfizer– Largest guilty plea ever (BILLION$$$)– Nigeria ethical issues
Homework
• Complete Bias worksheet.