Do Now (5 min.) List the major topics you have included in your germination lab report. How is germination rate calculated?

Do Now (5 min.)Do Now (5 min.)

List the major topics you have included in List the major topics you have included in your germination lab report.your germination lab report.

How is germination rate calculated?How is germination rate calculated?

Do Now (5 min.)Do Now (5 min.)

Major topics included in your germination lab Major topics included in your germination lab report:report: Anatomy of a seed,Anatomy of a seed, Germination process,Germination process, Hydroponics,Hydroponics, Basil plant,Basil plant, ??????


HWHW Continue your germination lab report.Continue your germination lab report. Submit the following chapters of your lab Submit the following chapters of your lab

report next class:report next class: Title page,Title page, Problem,Problem, Introduction/Background InformationIntroduction/Background Information HypothesisHypothesis Safety,Safety, Materials,Materials, Procedures, andProcedures, and Bibliography. Bibliography.


How is germination rate How is germination rate calculated?calculated?

Mr. GonzálezMr. González


ObjectivesObjectives

I can calculate the real germination rate.I can calculate the real germination rate. I can describe what “error” is.I can describe what “error” is. I can calculate a 5% margin of error for the I can calculate a 5% margin of error for the

hypothesis.hypothesis.


Procedures to Monitor the Procedures to Monitor the Germination ProcessGermination Process

Once you add the seeds to the sponges and the Once you add the seeds to the sponges and the sponges to the trays…sponges to the trays…

Keep sponges moist on a Keep sponges moist on a dailydaily basis. basis. Once most (>70%) of your seedlings have Once most (>70%) of your seedlings have

germinated you should take the black plastic bag germinated you should take the black plastic bag off and make sure the plantlings get good light.off and make sure the plantlings get good light.

Feed your plants nutrients.Feed your plants nutrients. Once they’re about 4 inches tall they’re ready for Once they’re about 4 inches tall they’re ready for

your AEMs.your AEMs.


5) Place your sponges in the grid leaving an empty space in 5) Place your sponges in the grid leaving an empty space in between each sponge.between each sponge.


Germination Rate CalculationGermination Rate Calculation

Create the following table in your journals.Create the following table in your journals.


DayDay SproutsSprouts Seed Seed TotalTotal

Hyp.Hyp.Rate %Rate %

5% 5% errorerror

Real Real Rate %Rate %

SupportSupportY / NY / N

66

77

88

99

1010


Calculate the germination rate after 6, 7, 8, Calculate the germination rate after 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 days.9, and 10 days.

The germination rate can be calculated The germination rate can be calculated by?by?

Hint: Hint: How many sprouts do you see?How many sprouts do you see? How many total seeds were placed in the How many total seeds were placed in the

tray?tray?



What mathematical expression can you What mathematical expression can you use to calculate the rate?use to calculate the rate? Sprouts you see / total seeds in traySprouts you see / total seeds in tray



What mathematical expression can you What mathematical expression can you use to calculate the rate?use to calculate the rate?

Sprouts you see Sprouts you see

--------------------------------------------

total seeds in traytotal seeds in tray


Define Possible OutcomesDefine Possible Outcomes

Define a sprouting Define a sprouting OutcomeOutcome. . Possible outcomes Possible outcomes need to be defined at need to be defined at

the start of an experiment.the start of an experiment. These outcomes will form the basis of your These outcomes will form the basis of your

observations and events.observations and events. For the purposes of this project, we should For the purposes of this project, we should

define sprouting as the moment one define sprouting as the moment one hypocotylhypocotyl is observable from the sponge. is observable from the sponge.


Possible OutcomesPossible Outcomes

How many possible outcomes are there?How many possible outcomes are there?



How often will you calculate the rate?How often will you calculate the rate?




5% 5% errorerror



66

77

88

99

1010


Day 6 – 10 ScenariosDay 6 – 10 Scenarios

Calculate the real rate for these scenarios.Calculate the real rate for these scenarios.



5% 5% errorerror



66 26 117

77 39 117

88 59 117

99 89 117

1010 94 117



Calculate the real rate for these scenarios.Calculate the real rate for these scenarios.



5% 5% errorerror



66 26 117 10 22.2

77 39 117 25 33.3

88 59 117 50 50.4

99 89 117 75 76.1

1010 94 117 90 80.3

What is a Margin of Error?What is a Margin of Error?

Variation exists in nature.Variation exists in nature. Nothing is ever predicted perfectly.Nothing is ever predicted perfectly. No two events are ever perfectly the No two events are ever perfectly the

same.same. We can allow ourselves a “margin of We can allow ourselves a “margin of

error.”error.”




Take out your hypothesis tables and Take out your hypothesis tables and predict the rates if you haven’t already.predict the rates if you haven’t already.

Rewrite them on this new table.Rewrite them on this new table.



5% 5% errorerror



66

77

88

99

1010


Can you give examples of when you’ve Can you give examples of when you’ve used a margin of error or when you could used a margin of error or when you could use a margin of error?use a margin of error?

How much error do you think is How much error do you think is reasonable after which it becomes reasonable after which it becomes ridiculous?ridiculous?


BullseyeBullseye


http://technologymarketers.com/StatingTheObvious/files/2011/12/bullseyes-over-distance.png

http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/72655/72655,1231297063,2/stock-photo-shot-up-target-with-bulls-eye-22884709.jpg


Typically, statisticians allow a maximum Typically, statisticians allow a maximum error of 5%. error of 5%.

In other words, if you’re data or prediction In other words, if you’re data or prediction is 95% close to the truth or better, it is is 95% close to the truth or better, it is considered “good.”considered “good.”

Obviously, the higher the better = 99%.Obviously, the higher the better = 99%. To get there, you need a lot of data, To get there, you need a lot of data,

observations, and very strict observations, and very strict proceduresprocedures..



Calculating Error MarginCalculating Error Margin

Calculate the 5% error by multiplying your Calculate the 5% error by multiplying your hypothetical rate by .05 and then +/- from hypothetical rate by .05 and then +/- from the hypothetical rate. the hypothetical rate.



5% 5% errorerror



66 10

77 25

88 50

99 75

1010 90



To calculate 5% of 10% you convert 5% to a decimal:To calculate 5% of 10% you convert 5% to a decimal:

= 0.05= 0.05 You then multiply 0.05 by 10 and you get:You then multiply 0.05 by 10 and you get:

= 0.5%= 0.5% Subtract and add 0.5% to 10% and you get an interval Subtract and add 0.5% to 10% and you get an interval

that gives you a little more room to get your hypothesis that gives you a little more room to get your hypothesis right:right:

= 9.5% - 10.5%= 9.5% - 10.5% Put this in the 5% “error margin” column next to your Put this in the 5% “error margin” column next to your

hypothesis of 10.hypothesis of 10.



Calculate the 5% error interval for the example Calculate the 5% error interval for the example below.below.



5% 5% errorerror



66 117 10 9.5-10.5

77 117 25

88 117 50

99 117 75

1010 117 90



Error intervals.Error intervals. Notice how the lower value is written to the left Notice how the lower value is written to the left

of the hyphen. Why?of the hyphen. Why?



5% 5% errorerror



66 117 10 9.5-10.5

77 117 25 23.75-26.25

88 117 50 47.5-52.5

99 117 75 71.25-78.75

1010 117 90 85.5-94.5


Day 6 ScenarioDay 6 Scenario

Calculate the real germination rate if 26 seeds Calculate the real germination rate if 26 seeds germinated in the example below.germinated in the example below.



5% 5% errorerror



66 26 117 10 9.5-10.5

77 39 117 25 23.75-26.25

88 47 117 50 47.5-52.5

99 78 117 75 71.25-78.75

1010 94 117 90 85.5-94.5



In this case, was the hypothesis supported by In this case, was the hypothesis supported by the data?the data?



5% 5% errorerror



66 26 117 10 9.5-10.5 22.2

77 39 117 25 23.75-26.25 33.3

88 59 117 50 47.5-52.5 50.4

99 89 117 75 71.25-78.75 76.1

1010 94 117 90 85.5-94.5 80.3



In this case, was the hypothesis supported by In this case, was the hypothesis supported by the data?the data?



5% 5% errorerror



66 26 117 10 9.5-10.5 22.2 N

77 39 117 25 23.75-26.25 33.3 N

88 59 117 50 47.5-52.5 50.4 Y

99 89 117 75 71.25-78.75 76.1 Y

1010 94 117 90 85.5-94.5 80.3 N

Next ActivityNext Activity

What should go in the background What should go in the background information of the germination lab report?information of the germination lab report?

You will now go over each others’ lab You will now go over each others’ lab report drafts and grade them up to now.report drafts and grade them up to now.

Grade them based on your knowledge of Grade them based on your knowledge of what needs to be in a lab report. what needs to be in a lab report.


MaterialsMaterials Air conditioner (weather) Air conditioner (weather)

sealer sponge 1 ¼ inches x 1 sealer sponge 1 ¼ inches x 1 ¼ inches x 42 inches.¼ inches x 42 inches.

ScissorsScissors Permanent MarkersPermanent Markers RulerRuler GridsGrids Germinating traysGerminating trays Waterproofing plastic Waterproofing plastic

(optional)(optional) SeedsSeeds Paper for seedsPaper for seeds WaterWater Watering can or bottleWatering can or bottle

Black plastic garbage bag to Black plastic garbage bag to cover seeds.cover seeds.

Tray coverTray cover NutrientsNutrients E.C. Meter (Hanna Combo E.C. Meter (Hanna Combo

Sensor)Sensor) pH meterpH meter RO/DI waterRO/DI water Spray bottleSpray bottle Calibrating solutionsCalibrating solutions pH storage solutionpH storage solution pH down and up solutionpH down and up solution


ProceduresProcedures

Place the tray in the desired location. Fill up the tray about Place the tray in the desired location. Fill up the tray about half way with water.half way with water.

Place grid in water and spray the sponges until they are Place grid in water and spray the sponges until they are soaked. soaked.

Cover your sponges with the black plastic sheet.Cover your sponges with the black plastic sheet. Place the tray cover over your seedlings to retain moisture.Place the tray cover over your seedlings to retain moisture. After the seeds have germinated prepare a light nutrient After the seeds have germinated prepare a light nutrient

solution about 900 solution about 900 µµS/cmS/cm33. . Monitor growth every day. Spray sponges daily if Monitor growth every day. Spray sponges daily if

necessary.necessary. Once your seedlings are about 3-5 inches long and have Once your seedlings are about 3-5 inches long and have

strong roots you may transfer them to you grow bed.strong roots you may transfer them to you grow bed.


Products of Hydroponically Products of Hydroponically Germinated Seeds.Germinated Seeds.


HWHW Continue your germination lab report.Continue your germination lab report. Submit the following chapters of your lab Submit the following chapters of your lab

report next class:report next class: Title page,Title page, Problem,Problem, Introduction/Background InformationIntroduction/Background Information HypothesisHypothesis Safety,Safety, Materials,Materials, Procedures, andProcedures, and Bibliography. Bibliography.


Documents

Do Now (5 min.) List the major topics you have included in your germination lab report. How is germination rate calculated?